Endoscopic Resection of Sinonasal Hemangiopericytoma following Preoperative Embolisation: A Case Report and Literature Review

Sino-nasal hemangiopericytoma: a case series and systematic literature review

BACKGROUND

Hemangiopericytoma is a rare tumor of the sino-nasal tract. Its clinical behavior is controversial. Whereas some describe an indolent course, others consider it to be an aggressive lesion with a tendency toward rapid local recurrence. Here, we describe our experience in the management of sino-nasal hemangiopericytoma (SN-HPC), comparing our experience with the current literature, and evaluating signs and tools to improve diagnosis and treatment.

METHODS

All cases of SN-HPC between 2010 and 2020 were extracted and reviewed from our institutional electronic medical records. SN-HPC cases from PubMed and EMBASE between 2010 and 2020 were analyzed in a systematic literature review using the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Data regarding demographics, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome were collected.

RESULTS

We identified four cases of SN-HPC in the nasal cavity in our institution and an additional 53 cases in previous reports. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 59 years, with a 1.2:1 male to female ratio. SN-HPC mostly appears unilaterally, arising in the ethmoid sinus (42.1%). The most common presenting symptoms were epistaxis (47.3) and nasal obstruction (47.3%). Both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were required for diagnosis and for tailoring the treatment plan. Endoscopic surgical excision was used in 85.9% of the patients, and in 15.7%, an additional preoperative embolization was performed, which was associated with septal necrosis in one patient (2.6%). The recurrence rate was 7%.

CONCLUSION

Although previous reports attribute an aggressive tumoral behavior to SN-HPC, our experience and the literature review support a more indolent course with low recurrence rates following complete endoscopic resection. Preoperative embolization can be useful in certain cases, but due to potential complications, it should not be routinely indicated.

A rare combination of tumor-induced osteomalacia caused by sinonasal glomangiopericytoma and coexisting parathyroid adenoma: case report and literature review

BACKGROUND

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare, acquired disease of renal phosphate wasting and disturbed vitamin D homeostasis as a result of the action of a phosphaturic protein - FGF-23, produced by a neoplasm. Although the clinical and biochemical profile of the syndrome is characteristic, it remains underreported and unrecognized by clinicians. Hyperparathyroidism is rarely associated with oncogenic osteomalacia, but it should be considered because of potentially life-threatening hypophosphatemia caused by both conditions.

CASE PRESENTATION

We report a case of a 42-year-old woman admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology of the Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw for the endoscopic resection of hormonally active glomangiopericytoma extending into the anterior skull base. She presented with a 5-year history of musculoskeletal pain and progressive weakness of the extremities which finally led her to become bedridden. After the excision of the tumor her symptoms and laboratory results gradually improved except increasing PTH serum levels. Further examination revealed a parathyroid proliferative tumor, which was surgically removed. The patient walked without aids at follow-up 16 months after the surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

This case is unusual because of tumor-induced osteomalacia and parathyroid adenoma occurring concomitantly. Further investigations of FGF-23 and PTH interplay should be conducted to elucidate the pathogenesis of hyperparathyroidism and tumorigenesis in some cases of TIO. By presenting this case, we wanted to remind clinicians of a rare and misdiagnosed paraneoplastic syndrome and highlight the importance of monitoring PTH concentrations during the follow-up of patients with TIO.

Transnasal devascularisation of a sinonasal hypervascular tumour (glomangiopericytoma) with direct injection of liquid polymer agent (Squid®)

The technique of direct intratumoral injection of permanent liquid agents has evolved significantly over the past few decades. The percutaneous direct puncture technique is being utilised more and more for embolisation of head and neck hypervascular lesions. We describe a case treated via the direct percutaneous transnasal (TN) puncture technique for embolisation of a sinonasal hypervascular tumour, performed in a 21-year-old male patient. Due to extensive vascularisation of the tumour, preoperative embolisation was requested by our otolaryngologist team in order to minimise intraoperative bleeding and reduce surgical morbidity. A primary attempt at trans-arterial embolisation through selective ophthalmic artery catheterisation was unsuccessful due to unfavourable anatomy. An extensive devascularisation of the nasal fossa lesion was obtained using a single injection of low-density polymeric embolic agent (SQUID®). Post-operative eradication was uneventful. Final histopathology exam revealed vascular tumour consistent with a rare sinonasal glomangiopericytoma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a rare sinonasal glomangiopericytoma treated by direct TN injection, utilising the liquid polymer agent SQUID®.

Salvage preoperative embolization of an infratemporal solitary fibrous tumor: A case report with review of the literature

RATIONALE

Head and Neck Solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) are very rare. They could be misdiagnosed as hemangiopericytomas (HPC).

PATIENT CONCERNS

We report a 60 y o lady presenting with sinonasal mass, causing recurrent profuse bleeding.

DIAGNOSES

Hemangioperocytomas versus SFT were among the differentials, according to Radiological studies. Upon Biopsy, the diagnosis of SFT has been adopted.

INTERVENTIONS

Salvage pre-operative embolization resulted in bleeding control, bridging the patient to surgery.

OUTCOMES

Post-operative course was uneventful, and patient symptoms resolved.

LESSONS

This is the first case report of a sinonasal SFT, where pre-operative embolization has been employed as a salvage procedure. This treatment modality is promising, since it controls bleeding, bridges patient to surgery and decreases blood loss during the surgical procedure.

Endoscopic management of sinonasal hemangiopericytoma: case report and literature review

Introducción: El hemangiopericitoma es un tumor vascular poco frecuente en la región nasosinusal que se asocia con epistaxis y obstrucción nasal como principales síntomas. Cuando se presenta en esta región, tiene características clínicas especiales que lo hace diferente de otras localizaciones.Presentación del caso: A continuación se presenta el caso de una paciente de 43 años de edad, con síntomas de obstrucción en fosa nasal derecha y 6 meses de evolución asociados con rinorrea mucopurulenta y epistaxis recurrente del lado derecho. El examen físico mostró una masa obstructiva en el lado derecho con origen en la placa cribriforme. Una tomografía computarizada de los senos paranasales reveló un bloqueo completo de la cavidad nasal derecha por un contenido homogéneo, con densidad de partes blandas, sin captación de contraste evidente. La lesión se extendía hacia el lado superior de la placa cribriforme, sin extensión intracraneal u orbitaria. La paciente fue tratada con cirugía endoscópica y el estudio anatomopatológico reveló un hemangiopericitoma sinonasal. La paciente tuvo remisión completa y se realizó seguimiento por 3 años sin recurrencia.Conclusión: El tratamiento recomendado para el hemangiopericitoma es la escisión quirúrgica total con márgenes libres, cuyos  resultados son generalmente buenos. El riesgo de recurrencia parece estar asociado con una escisión tumoral incompleta. Se presenta una revisión de literatura, así como comentarios sobre sus características principales.

Sinonasal glomangiopericytoma treated with preoperative embolisation and endoscopic sinus surgery

Sinonasal glomangiopericytoma is a benign rare tumour of pericytes that accounts for less than 0.5% of all sinonasal tumours. It is an indolent tumour with a macroscopic appearance of common inflammatory polyps.

We report the case of a 55-year-old male who presented with right nasal obstruction. CT and MRI examinations demonstrated a soft-tissue mass that obstructed mainly the right nasal cavity. Biopsy revealed glomangiopericytoma. The tumour was treated with preoperative embolisation followed by complete endoscopic resection. Very few cases have been reported to be treated in this way.

Direct Tumor Embolization of Sinonasal Unclassified Spindle Cell Sarcoma with Onyx

Objectives

 To evaluate the use of a new tumor embolization agent, Onyx (Covidien, Dublin, Ireland), for the use of intraoperative embolization of a sinonasal unclassified spindle cell sarcoma.

Methods

 A 45-year-old female patient presented to the rhinology clinic with a nasal mass. A biopsy revealed a highly vascular mass consistent with a sinonasal unclassified spindle cell sarcoma. Secondary to its extensive vascularity, the patient underwent preoperative transarterial embolization (TAE) before definitive resection. Due to complex vascular anatomy including feeding vessels emanating from intracranial circulation, incomplete embolization was achieved. Subsequently, intraoperative embolization with Onyx at the time of resection was performed.

Results

 Intraoperative Onyx use resulted in almost complete devascularization of the tumor with decreased risk of intracranial embolization.

Conclusions

 Intraoperative embolization with Onyx after an incomplete TAE can be a safe and effective method of achieving near-total embolization of sinonasal tumors.