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Rubal S, Abhishek M, Rupa J, Phulen S, Kumar R, Kaur G, AmitRaj S, Jain A, Prakash A, Alka B, Bikash M. Homotaurine ameriolates the core ASD symptomatology in VPA rats through GABAergic signalling: Role of GAD67. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:122-133. [PMID: 36113682 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated GABAergic signaling is reported in Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD). In the present study, we evaluated a GABA structural mimicker homotaurine (HT) via in-silico docking and investigated the therapeutic efficacy of this drug to ameliorate ASD symptoms in the valproic acid (VPA) rat model of ASD. For the in-vivo study, animals were divided into two groups [Normal control (NC, 0.9% saline; i.p) and disease control (VPA 600mg/kg; i.p)] on gestational day (GD) 12.5. Male pups from VPA-exposed mothers were further divided into five groups (n=6 in each group): disease control (DC, no-further treatment), standard treatment (risperidone (RES) 2.5mg/kg; i.p, consecutively from PND 23-43), HT (10, 25 and 50mg/kg; i.p, consecutively from PND 23-43). In in-silico studies, the binding pattern of homotaurine to GABA-A receptor was found similar to GABA with Tyr205, Glu155, Tyr157, Arg6, and Thr 130 as shared residues. In the in-vivo phase, the early developmental parameters (from PND 7-23) and behavioral parameters (from PND 43-54) were assessed. The offspring of the VPA exposed group exhibited significant (p<0.05) developmental delays, behavioral deficits [decreased sociability and social novelty (three-chamber sociability test), spatial memory (Morris water maze), increased stereotypy (self-grooming)], increased oxidative stress (decreased GSH, SOD, Catalase, and increased MDA), increased pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, 6, TNF-α) and decreased anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, Purkinje cell loss in the cerebellum and pyknosis in PFC (H/E, Nissil staining) and decreased GAD67 expression in the cerebellum (RT-PCR & immunohistochemistry). Compared to the DC, HT treatment (50mg/kg) was able to ameliorate the aberrant core behavioral deficits, decreased oxidative stress, decreased pro-inflammatory and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine profile with preservation of the Purkinje cell density in the cerebellum, decreased pyknosis in the prefrontal cortex and normalised the expression of GAD67. Thus, HT can be a useful therapeutic agent in ASD and requires further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Singla Rubal
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Mishra Abhishek
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Joshi Rupa
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Sarma Phulen
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Rajput Kumar
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Sarma AmitRaj
- Dept. of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Ashish Jain
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Bhatia Alka
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
| | - Medhi Bikash
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
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El Khashab IH, Abdelsalam RM, Elbrairy AI, Attia AS. Chrysin attenuates global cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Raiteri L, Raiteri M. Multiple functions of neuronal plasma membrane neurotransmitter transporters. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 134:1-16. [PMID: 26300320 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Removal from receptors of neurotransmitters just released into synapses is one of the major steps in neurotransmission. Transporters situated on the plasma membrane of nerve endings and glial cells perform the process of neurotransmitter (re)uptake. Because the density of transporters in the membranes can fluctuate, transporters can determine the transmitter concentrations at receptors, thus modulating indirectly the excitability of neighboring neurons. Evidence is accumulating that neurotransmitter transporters can exhibit multiple functions. Being bidirectional, neurotransmitter transporters can mediate transmitter release by working in reverse, most often under pathological conditions that cause ionic gradient dysregulations. Some transporters reverse to release transmitters, like dopamine or serotonin, when activated by 'indirectly acting' substrates, like the amphetamines. Some transporters exhibit as one major function the ability to capture transmitters into nerve terminals that perform insufficient synthesis. Transporter activation can generate conductances that regulate directly neuronal excitability. Synaptic and non-synaptic transporters play different roles. Cytosolic Na(+) elevations accompanying transport can interact with plasmalemmal or/and mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers thus generating calcium signals. Finally, neurotransmitter transporters can behave as receptors mediating releasing stimuli able to cause transmitter efflux through multiple mechanisms. Neurotransmitter transporters are therefore likely to play hitherto unknown roles in multiple therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Raiteri
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Raiteri
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; National Institute of Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy.
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Mu Q, Liu P, Hu X, Gao H, Zheng X, Huang H. Neuroprotective effects of Buyang Huanwu decoction on cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal damage. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1621-7. [PMID: 25368650 PMCID: PMC4211205 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.141791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the various treatment methods for stroke, increasing attention has been paid to traditional Chinese medicines. Buyang Huanwu decoction is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of stroke. This paper summarizes the active components of the Chinese herb, which is composed of Huangqi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Danggui (Radix Angelica sinensis), Chishao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Chuanxiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong), Honghua (Flos Carthami), Taoren (Semen Persicae) and Dilong (Pheretima), and identifies the therapeutic targets and underlying mechanisms that contribute to the neuroprotective properties of Buyang Huanwu decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Mu
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China ; Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xitong Hu
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Haijun Gao
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- First Hospital of Bethune, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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GABA release provoked by disturbed Na+, K+ and Ca2+ homeostasis in cerebellar nerve endings: Roles of Ca2+ channels, Na+/Ca2+ exchangers and GAT1 transporter reversal. Neurochem Int 2014; 72:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Qian T, Chen R, Nakamura M, Furukawa T, Kumada T, Akita T, Kilb W, Luhmann HJ, Nakahara D, Fukuda A. Activity-dependent endogenous taurine release facilitates excitatory neurotransmission in the neocortical marginal zone of neonatal rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:33. [PMID: 24574969 PMCID: PMC3918584 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the developing cerebral cortex, the marginal zone (MZ), consisting of early-generated neurons such as Cajal-Retzius cells, plays an important role in cell migration and lamination. There is accumulating evidence of widespread excitatory neurotransmission mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the MZ. Cajal-Retzius cells express not only GABAA receptors but also α2/β subunits of glycine receptors, and exhibit glycine receptor-mediated depolarization due to high [Cl−]i. However, the physiological roles of glycine receptors and their endogenous agonists during neurotransmission in the MZ are yet to be elucidated. To address this question, we performed optical imaging from the MZ using the voltage-sensitive dye JPW1114 on tangential neocortical slices of neonatal rats. A single electrical stimulus evoked an action-potential-dependent optical signal that spread radially over the MZ. The amplitude of the signal was not affected by glutamate receptor blockers, but was suppressed by either GABAA or glycine receptor antagonists. Combined application of both antagonists nearly abolished the signal. Inhibition of Na+, K+-2Cl− cotransporter by 20 µM bumetanide reduced the signal, indicating that this transporter contributes to excitation. Analysis of the interstitial fluid obtained by microdialysis from tangential neocortical slices with high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that GABA and taurine, but not glycine or glutamate, were released in the MZ in response to the electrical stimulation. The ambient release of taurine was reduced by the addition of a voltage-sensitive Na+ channel blocker. Immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy indicated that taurine was stored both in Cajal-Retzius and non-Cajal-Retzius cells in the MZ, but was not localized in presynaptic structures. Our results suggest that activity-dependent non-synaptic release of endogenous taurine facilitates excitatory neurotransmission through activation of glycine receptors in the MZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizhe Qian
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Rongqing Chen
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomonori Furukawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Kumada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu, Japan ; Department of Occupational Therapy, Tokoha University Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tenpei Akita
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Werner Kilb
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - Daiichiro Nakahara
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Atsuo Fukuda
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu, Japan
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