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Byrns G, Barham B, Yang L, Webster K, Rutherford G, Steiner G, Petras D, Scannell M. Usos y limitaciones de la lámpara ultravioleta germicida portátil para la desinfección de superficies. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2021; 18:S75-S85. [PMID: 33822696 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2021.1877057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RESUMENLa morbimortalidad causada por infecciones vinculadas a la atención sanatoria ha llevado a cuestionar si los métodos de desinfección convencionales son inadecuados y se requieren métodos complementarios, como la fumigación de la habitación y la irradiación ultravioleta. Ello ha dado lugar a la preocupación por que estos métodos alternativos puedan poner en riesgo al personal sanitario y a los pacientes.Objetivos. (1) Determinar la eficacia de la lámpara ultravioleta C germicida portátil para la desinfección de superficies, (2) evaluar el cambio de la humedad relativa (HR) y las distintas distancias específicas en las tasas de letalidad bacteriana, y (3) evaluar los posibles problemas a que conlleva la exposición.Métodos. En el presente estudio se investiga si una lámpara germicida portátil puede desinfectar de forma eficaz superficies tratadas con esporulación o germinación bacteriana y se evalúa el efecto de condiciones ambientales cambiantes, como la humedad relativa (HR), la posición y las distancias específicas, en las tasas de letalidad germicida.Resultados. Se constató una mejor tasa de letalidad con una HR de 40-65% y en un rango de temperatura de 21-24°C. Tanto la HR alta como la HR baja interfirieron con la capacidad de la radiación UV-C para inactivar la germinación microbiana. En el caso de la esporulación bacteriana, el aumento del secado de la superficie fue el factor de mayor importancia para aumentar la tasa de letalidad.Conclusiones. En esta investigación se demostró la eficacia de la radiación UV-C bajo condiciones óptimas, irradiación directa y una distancia específica corta (12.7 cm). Sin embargo, cuando es utilizada en condiciones que no son óptimas existen limitaciones. El aumento de la distancia y los ángulos de irradiación indirecta resultaron en tasas de letalidad más bajas. Cabe señalar que durante su uso es importante minimizar la exposición innecesaria de pacientes y personal sanitario.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Byrns
- Salud Ambiental, Universidad Estatal de Illinois, Normal, Illinois
| | - Beverly Barham
- Ciencia de Laboratorio Médico, Universidad Estatal de Illinois, Normal, Illinois
| | - Liangcheng Yang
- Salud Ambiental, Universidad Estatal de Illinois, Normal, Illinois
| | - Kathryn Webster
- Ciencia de Laboratorio Médico, Universidad Estatal de Illinois, Normal, Illinois
| | - George Rutherford
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Estatal de Illinois, Normal, Illinois
| | - Garrett Steiner
- Salud Ambiental, Universidad Estatal de Illinois, Normal, Illinois
| | - Daniel Petras
- Salud Ambiental, Universidad Estatal de Illinois, Normal, Illinois
| | - Michele Scannell
- Asesor de Control de Riesgos, The Cincinnati Insurance Companies, Chicago, Illinois
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Byrns G, Barham B, Yang L, Webster K, Rutherford G, Steiner G, Petras D, Scannell M. The uses and limitations of a hand-held germicidal ultraviolet wand for surface disinfection. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2017; 14:749-757. [PMID: 28609247 PMCID: PMC7157946 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2017.1328106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality from healthcare associated infections has raised concern that conventional disinfection methods are inadequate and that other adjunct methods such as room fumigation and ultraviolet irradiation may be needed. There is also concern that these alternative methods may pose a risk to workers and patients. OBJECTIVES (1) Determine the efficacy of a germicidal UV-C wand for surface disinfection, (2) evaluate changing relative humidity (RH) and different target distances on bacteria kill rates, and (3) assess potential exposure concerns. METHODS This study investigates whether a hand-held germicidal wand can efficaciously disinfect surfaces treated with either a vegetative or spore forming bacterium and to evaluate the effect of changing environmental conditions such as relative humidity (RH), target position, and target distances on microbial kill rates. RESULTS Kill rate was best at 40-65% RH at a temperature range of 21-24°C. Both high and low RH interfered with the ability of UV-C to kill the vegetative microbe. In the case of the spore forming bacterium, increased surface drying time was the most significant factor increasing kill rate. CONCLUSIONS This research demonstrates that UV-C was efficacious under optimal conditions, a direct beam exposure, and a short target distance (12.7 cm). However, there are limitations when used in non-optimal conditions. Increased distance and indirect beam angles resulted in lower kill rates. It is also important to minimize unnecessary patient and worker exposure during its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Byrns
- Environmental Health, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
| | - Beverly Barham
- Medical Laboratory Science, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
| | - Liangcheng Yang
- Environmental Health, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
| | - Kathryn Webster
- Medical Laboratory Science, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
| | | | - Garrett Steiner
- Environmental Health, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
| | - Daniel Petras
- Environmental Health, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
| | - Michele Scannell
- Risk Control Consultant, The Cincinnati Insurance Companies, Chicago, Illinois
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Lee SC, Chen CH, Yu CW, Chen HL, Huang WT, Chang YS, Hung SH, Lee TL. Inhibitory effect of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kanehira ethanol extracts on melanin synthesis via repression of tyrosinase expression. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:263-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Roy R, Saurabh K, Das D, Sharma P, Ghose A, Chandrasekharan DP. Bilateral retinitis pigmentosa with unilateral choroidal nevus: A hitherto unreported association. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2016; 30:207-209. [PMID: 28210186 PMCID: PMC5299104 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) has been reported to be associated with retinal hemangioma, retinal angiomatous proliferation, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and vasoproliferative tumours. However there is no previous report of choroidal nevus in an eye with RP. We describe such a case in which the eye with RP had a choroidal nevus at the macula. The coexistence of these two entities in the same eye emphasizes the need of careful examination of patients with RP. The presence of choroidal nevus warrants additional investigations such as B scan ultrasonography and a close follow-up to pick up changes in the nevus size and morphology.
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Jiang A, Rambhatla P, Eide M. Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and melanoma: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:885-915. [PMID: 25354495 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Jiang
- Stritch School of Medicine; Loyola University Chicago; Maywood IL U.S.A
| | - P.V. Rambhatla
- Department of Dermatology; Henry Ford Hospital; New Center One; 3031 West Grand Blvd, Suite 800 Detroit MI 48202 U.S.A
| | - M.J. Eide
- Department of Dermatology; Henry Ford Hospital; New Center One; 3031 West Grand Blvd, Suite 800 Detroit MI 48202 U.S.A
- Department of Public Health Sciences; Henry Ford Hospital; New Center One; 3031 West Grand Blvd, Suite 800 Detroit MI 48202 U.S.A
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Endo M, Mukawa T, Sato N, Maezawa D, Ohtsu Y, Kuroda A, Wakabayashi M, Asakura K. Coexistence effect of UVA absorbers to increase their solubility and stability of supersaturation. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:546-52. [PMID: 25069824 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sunscreens containing UVA absorbers in high concentrations are expected to be developed, since recent studies have suggested the possibility of involvement of UVA ray in skin cancer and early skin aging. Solubility and stability of supersaturation of UVA absorbers in UVB absorber were determined in the absence and the presence of cosmetic oil. Coexistence effect of UVA absorbers was analyzed to dissolve them in high concentrations. METHODS Two UVA absorbers, diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate (DHHB) and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDM), a UVB absorber, 2-ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), and a cosmetic oil, 2-ethylhexyl ester of oligomer of hydroxystearic acid (EH-O-HSA), were used. Their solutions were prepared at 80°C and cooled to 5°C. The solid DHHB and/or BMDM were added to it, and the time evolution of concentrations of the UVA absorbers in the solution phase was monitored. RESULTS At the saturation in the absence of EH-O-HSA at 5°C, weight ratio of DHHB and BMDM to EHMC was 0.39/1.00 and 0.22/1.00, respectively. Addition of EH-O-HSA slightly changed the solubility of DHHB and BMDM. When the weight ratio of EH-O-HSA to EHMC was 0.20/1.00, weight ratio of DHHB and BMDM to EHMC was 0.35/1.00 and 0.25/1.00, respectively at the saturation at 5°C. In the presence of EH-O-HSA, a strong coexistence effect of DHHB and BMDM was found on their solubility. A thermodynamically stable saturated solution at 5°C having the composition that DHHB: BMDM: EHMC: EH-O-HSA = 0.47: 0.46: 1.00: 0.20 was obtained by the simultaneous addition of solid DHHB and BMDM into the initial solution. CONCLUSION The solution type composite having the highest concentrations of DHHB and BMDM prepared in this study exhibited critical wavelength at 368 nm that was just below the border for sunscreens being qualified as 'Broad Spectrum' protection under the new rule launched by US FDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Endo
- R & D Center, Para Hermosa Co., Ltd., Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
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Cleary CM, White KM, Young RM, Hawkes AL, Leske S, Starfelt LC, Wihardjo K. Study protocol: a randomised controlled trial of a theory-based online intervention to improve sun safety among Australian adults. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:162. [PMID: 24602210 PMCID: PMC3973973 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of exposure to ultraviolet radiation are a significant concern in Australia which has one of the highest incidences of skin cancer in the world. Despite most skin cancers being preventable by encouraging consistent adoption of sun-protective behaviours, incidence rates are not decreasing. There is a dearth of research examining the factors involved in engaging in sun-protective behaviours. Further, online multi-behavioural theory-based interventions have yet to be explored fully as a medium for improving sun-protective behaviour in adults. This paper presents the study protocol of a randomised controlled trial of an online intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) that aims to improve sun safety among Australian adults. METHODS/DESIGN Approximately 420 adults aged 18 and over and predominantly from Queensland, Australia, will be recruited and randomised to the intervention (n = 200), information only (n = 200) or the control group (n = 20). The intervention focuses on encouraging supportive attitudes and beliefs toward sun-protective behaviour, fostering perceptions of normative support for sun protection, and increasing perceptions of control/self-efficacy over sun protection. The intervention will be delivered online over a single session. Data will be collected immediately prior to the intervention (Time 1), immediately following the intervention (Time 1b), and one week (Time 2) and one month (Time 3) post-intervention. Primary outcomes are intentions to sun protect and sun-protective behaviour. Secondary outcomes are the participants' attitudes toward sun protection, perceptions of normative support for sun protection (i.e. subjective norms, group norms, personal norms and image norms) and perceptions of control/self-efficacy toward sun protection. DISCUSSION The study will contribute to an understanding of the effectiveness of a TPB-based online intervention to improve Australian adults' sun-protective behaviour. TRIALS REGISTRY Australian and New Zealand Trials Registry number ACTRN12613000470796.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy M Cleary
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Katherine M White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Ross McD Young
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Anna L Hawkes
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane 4059, Australia
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine, and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Stuart Leske
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Louise C Starfelt
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Kylie Wihardjo
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane 4059, Australia
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