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Bakarev MA, Ivanov AA, Lushnikova EL. Clinical, Pathological, and Immunohistochemical Predictors of Cause-Specific Mortality in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Multivariate Analysis. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 177:353-358. [PMID: 39134811 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The association of clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer with cause-specific mortality was analyzed in a case-control study within a cohort of patients from the Altai Regional Oncology Center. According to multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of fatal outcome within 10 years after surgery in patients living in Altai region are nuclear pattern of Hsp70 expression, thyroid capsular invasion, Ki-67 expression index >7%, and patient's age >45 years for men and >50 years for women. The prognostic model based on these features contributes to a significant improvement in the individual prognostic performance for papillary thyroid cancer in the modeling sample. The model has high statistical significance (χ2=64.73; p<0.001) and discriminative power (AUC=0.950, prediction accuracy 88.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Bakarev
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - A A Ivanov
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E L Lushnikova
- Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Buczyńska A, Sidorkiewicz I, Kościuszko M, Adamska A, Siewko K, Dzięcioł J, Szumowski P, Myśliwiec J, Popławska-Kita A, Krętowski AJ. The Relationship between Oxidative Status and Radioiodine Treatment Qualification among Papillary Thyroid Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092436. [PMID: 37173902 PMCID: PMC10177082 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor protein 53 (p53), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) play crucial roles in oxidative homeostasis and the progression of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), as previously demonstrated in the literature. Therefore, profiling these markers among PTC patients may be useful in determining their eligibility for radioiodine (RAI) treatment. Since treatment indications are based on multiple and dynamic recommendations, additional criteria for adjuvant RAI therapy are still needed. In our study, we evaluated the TOS, TAC, and serum concentrations of p53, NF-κB, FOXO, and SIRT1 to analyze the relationship between oxidative status and qualification for RAI treatment. For the purpose of this study, we enrolled 60 patients with PTC allocated for RAI treatment as the study group and 25 very low-risk PTC patients not allocated for RAI treatment as a reference group. The serum TOS and SIRT1 concentrations were significantly higher in the study group compared to the reference group (both p < 0.001), whereas the TAC and p53, NK-κB, and FOXO concentrations were significantly lower (all p < 0.05). We also demonstrated the diagnostic utility of TAC (AUC = 0.987), FOXO (AUC = 0.648), TOS (AUC = 0.664), SIRT1 (AUC = 0.709), p53 (AUC = 0.664), and NF-κB (AUC = 0.651) measurements as indications for RAI treatment based on American Thyroid Association recommendations. Our study revealed that oxidative status-related markers may become additional criteria for RAI treatment in PTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Buczyńska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Sidorkiewicz
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria Kościuszko
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Siewko
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Janusz Dzięcioł
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2A, 15-230 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Szumowski
- Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Janusz Myśliwiec
- Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Popławska-Kita
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
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Investigation of the clinical utility of adhesion molecules in the management of thyroid nodules. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4069. [PMID: 36906717 PMCID: PMC10008644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the relationship among cell adhesion molecules (CAM) and investigate the clinical diagnostic and prognostic application of ICAM-1 (ICAM1), LFA-1 (ITGAL), and L-selectin (SELL) proteins and mRNA corresponding expression in thyroid cancer. Gene expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR, and protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. We evaluated 275 patients (218 women, 57 men, 48.4 ± 14.5 years old), including 102 benign and 173 malignant nodules. The 143 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and 30 follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) patients were managed according to current guidelines and followed-up for 78.7 ± 54.2 months. Malignant and benign nodules differed concerning mRNA (p = 0.0027) and protein (p = 0.0020 for nuclear) expression of L-selectin and ICAM-1 (mRNA: p = 0.0001 and protein: p = 0.0014) and protein expression of LFA-1 (p = 0.0168), but not mRNA expression of LFA-1 (p = 0.2131). SELL expression was more intense in malignant tumors (p = 0.0027). ICAM1 (p = 0.0064) and ITGAL (p = 0.0244) mRNA expression was higher in tumors with lymphocyte infiltrate. ICAM-1 expression correlated with younger age at diagnosis (p = 0.0312) and smaller tumor size (p = 0.0443). Also, LFA-1 expression correlated with higher age at diagnosis (p = 0.0376) and was more intense at stage III and IV (p = 0.0077). In general, the protein expression of the 3 CAM decreased as the process of cellular dedifferentiation occurred. We suggest that the SELL and ICAM1 genes and L-selectin and LFA-1 protein expression may help confirm malignancy and assist in the histological characterization of follicular patterned lesions, but we were unable to correlate these CAMs with patient outcomes.
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Rajabi S, Alix-Panabières C, Alaei AS, Abooshahab R, Shakib H, Ashrafi MR. Looking at Thyroid Cancer from the Tumor-Suppressor Genes Point of View. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2461. [PMID: 35626065 PMCID: PMC9139614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy and accounts for approximately 1% of all diagnosed cancers. A variety of mechanisms are involved in the transformation of a normal tissue into a malignant one. Loss of tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) function is one of these mechanisms. The normal functions of TSGs include cell proliferation and differentiation control, genomic integrity maintenance, DNA damage repair, and signaling pathway regulation. TSGs are generally classified into three subclasses: (i) gatekeepers that encode proteins involved in cell cycle and apoptosis control; (ii) caretakers that produce proteins implicated in the genomic stability maintenance; and (iii) landscapers that, when mutated, create a suitable environment for malignant cell growth. Several possible mechanisms have been implicated in TSG inactivation. Reviewing the various TSG alteration types detected in thyroid cancers may help researchers to better understand the TSG defects implicated in the development/progression of this cancer type and to find potential targets for prognostic, predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. Hence, the main purposes of this review article are to describe the various TSG inactivation mechanisms and alterations in human thyroid cancer, and the current therapeutic options for targeting TSGs in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Rajabi
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Cancer Research (CREEC), Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 224–Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5290–University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Arshia Sharbatdar Alaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
| | | | - Heewa Shakib
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Reza Ashrafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76169-13555, Iran;
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Niciporuka R, Nazarovs J, Ozolins A, Narbuts Z, Miklasevics E, Gardovskis J. Can We Predict Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Behavior? Role of Genetic and Molecular Markers. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:1131. [PMID: 34684168 PMCID: PMC8540789 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is ranked in ninth place among all the newly diagnosed cancer cases in 2020. Differentiated thyroid cancer behavior can vary from indolent to extremely aggressive. Currently, predictions of cancer prognosis are mainly based on clinicopathological features, which are direct consequences of cell and tissue microenvironment alterations. These alterations include genetic changes, cell cycle disorders, estrogen receptor expression abnormalities, enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix degradation, increased hypoxia, and consecutive neovascularization. All these processes are represented by specific genetic and molecular markers, which can further predict thyroid cancer development, progression, and prognosis. In conclusion, evaluation of cancer genetic and molecular patterns, in addition to clinicopathological features, can contribute to the identification of patients with a potentially worse prognosis. It is essential since it plays a crucial role in decision-making regarding initial surgery, postoperative treatment, and follow-up. To date, there is a large diversity in methodologies used in different studies, frequently leading to contradictory results. To evaluate the true significance of predictive markers, more comparable studies should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Niciporuka
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (Z.N.); (J.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jurijs Nazarovs
- Department of Pathology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Arturs Ozolins
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (Z.N.); (J.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Zenons Narbuts
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (Z.N.); (J.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
| | - Edvins Miklasevics
- Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Janis Gardovskis
- Department of Surgery, Riga Stradins University, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia; (A.O.); (Z.N.); (J.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Pilsonu Street 13, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia
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Aydemirli MD, Snel M, van Wezel T, Ruano D, Obbink CMH, van den Hout WB, Schepers A, Morreau H. Yield and costs of molecular diagnostics on thyroid cytology slides in the Netherlands, adapting the Bethesda classification. ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES & METABOLISM 2021; 4:e00293. [PMID: 34505415 PMCID: PMC8502216 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate our institutional experience with molecular diagnostics (MD) on thyroid cytology smears, evaluate the costs and describe MD guided clinical management of indeterminate Bethesda III/V thyroid nodules. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 164 Bethesda III or V thyroid cytopathology reports subjected to MD from 2013 to 2020, that altered Bethesda classification or management. MD consisted of mutation and gene fusion analysis by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of morphologically analysed and selected cytological slides. Findings were modelled to nationwide data on Bethesda incidences from ‘the Dutch Pathology Registry’ PALGA, and costs were estimated. Results 82 of 164 cases received an upgrade in Bethesda class. Twenty cases changed from Bethesda III to IV/V, 62 from Bethesda III or V to VI, and 72 remained unaltered. We estimate net savings with implementing MD, by preventing 454 repeat cytology and 326 (diagnostic) hemithyroidectomies, to be at least 2 million Euro annually in the Netherlands. Per Bethesda III and V patient, net savings would be about 100 Euro and 4100 Euro, respectively. Conclusion NGS‐based MD on nucleic acids extracted directly from cytology slides is a feasible and cost saving tool for personalized management in indeterminate Bethesda III/V thyroid cytology. Based on the interpretation of our retrospective data, we assume that this approach results in less disease burden for the patient, reduced surgical interventions and complication risks, reduced sick leave, among others. Further evaluation of structural implementation of the presented approach in routine thyroid Bethesda III/V cytology in a prospective setting is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Derya Aydemirli
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Snel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Ruano
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wilbert B van den Hout
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abbey Schepers
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Boutzios G, Papaoiconomou E, Pikoulis A, Nastos K, Pouloudi D, Pikouli A, Koukoulioti E, Lazaris A, Pikoulis E. p53 protein expression in synchronously occurring dedifferentiating stages of thyroid cancer in a patient with neurofibromas: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 15:200. [PMID: 34462656 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) have been hypothesized to arise from well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) due to frequently reported synchronous and metachronous occurrence. Loss of normal p53 function has been implicated in this dedifferentiation process. The current case report presents a 60-year-old male with multiple neurofibromas who underwent total thyroidectomy due to multiple palpable thyroid nodules. Histopathological examination revealed three foci of predominantly papillary, but also follicular carcinoma growth pattern, and two lesions with histological features of insular and trabecular variant, with the larger one showing foci of anaplastic transition. Nuclear p53 protein accumulation, corresponding to mutant abnormally stabilized p53, was higher in more aggressive variants compared with WDTC. The somatic molecular events and downstream pathways of this dedifferentiation course have not been unraveled yet. The present case report demonstrated the simultaneous presence of three divergent histological subtypes in a single thyroid gland, with progressive enhancement of nuclear p53 protein expression, associated with mutant p53 protein, in the more aggressive variants. This is a rare case of progressive enhancement of mutant nuclear p53 protein expression in multifocal thyroid tumor areas consisting of WDTC, PDTC and ATC histological types, highlighting the possibility that WDTC can progress to PDTC and then ATC through an intricate procedure, involving loss of normal p53 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Boutzios
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Papaoiconomou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Pikoulis
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Nastos
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Despoina Pouloudi
- First Department of Pathology Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Pikouli
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Koukoulioti
- Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Lazaris
- First Department of Pathology Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Pikoulis
- Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
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Martins MB, de Assis Batista F, Marcello MA, Bufalo NE, Peres KC, Morari EC, Soares FA, Vassallo J, Ward LS. Clinical utility of the imunohistochemical co-expression of p53 and MDM2 in thyroid follicular lesions. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 53:151766. [PMID: 34111705 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the possible correlation between p53 and MDM2 co-expression with clinicopathological features of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and its use as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers, we used immunohistochemistry to evaluate 317 thyroid samples including 208 DTC and 94 benign nodules, in addition to 15 normal tissues. MDM2 and p53 expression were highly associated (r = 0.7161; p < 0.0001). The co-expression of p53-MDM2 was observed more frequently in malignant lesions (p < 0.0001) and helped characterize follicular patterned lesions distinguishing FVPTC from FA (p < 0.0001) and FVPTC from FTC (p < 0.0001). In addition, p53-MDM2 co-expression was associated with characteristics of less aggressiveness. It was more frequent in patients ≤45 years old (p = 0.0035), with unique tumors (p = 0.0095), tumors <2 cm (p < 0.0001), tumors without extrathyroid invasion (p = 0.0425), without metastasis at evolution (p = 0.0179), and in patients evolving free of disease after treatment (p = 0.0485). We suggest that p53-MDM2 co-expression profile analysis might help establishing diagnostic and determining prognostic of DTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bonjiorno Martins
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Assis Batista
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marjory Alana Marcello
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Natassia Elena Bufalo
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Colombera Peres
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Cristina Morari
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Soares
- Department of General Pathology, Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Pathology Division, ID'Or Research Institute, Rede D'Or Hospitals Network, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Vassallo
- Laboratory Investigative and Molecular Pathology, CIPED, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Sterian Ward
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Yao X, Meng Y, Guo R, Lu G, Jin L, Wang Y, Yang D. Value of Ultrasound Combined with Immunohistochemistry Evaluation of Central Lymph Node Metastasis for the Prognosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:8787-8799. [PMID: 33061575 PMCID: PMC7519832 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s265756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is often accompanied by cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM). The accuracy of the preoperative ultrasound diagnosis of central LNM (CLNM) is limited. LNM is a high-risk factor for local recurrence and may affect the prognosis. Factors not directly related to tumor proliferation are used for risk assessment in the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system for thyroid cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the value of ultrasound and immunohistochemistry in predicting the presence of CLNM and the prognosis of PTC. Patients and Methods The ultrasound and immunohistochemistry features of 303 patients with first-ever PTC and who underwent surgery between 01/2014 to 12/2016 were analyzed, as well as the prognosis of the patients. Univariable and multivariable analyses were carried out to determine the risk factors of CLNM and recurrence. Results Among 303 patients, 125 (41.3%) were pathologically confirmed with CLNM. Multivariable analysis showed that multifocality, taller-than-wide shape, grade III–IV blood flow, capsular invasion, Ki-67 >10%, p53 ≥5%, T2 or T3 stages were independent risk factors for CLNM. The median follow-up was 56 months. Cox regression analysis showed that age ≥55 years, maximum tumor diameter >20 mm, multifocality, capsular invasion, Ki-67 5–10%, Ki-67 >10%, p53 ≥5%, T3 stage and N1a stage were independent risk factors for PTC recurrence. The Kaplan–Meier showed that recurrence-free survival (RFS) was different according to age (P=0.017), tumor size multifocality, capsular invasion, Ki-67, p53, T stage and N stage (all P<0.001). Conclusion For PTC with rich blood flow, taller-than-wide shape, multifocality, capsular invasion, p53 ≥5%, Ki-67 >10%, T2 or T3 stages prophylactic CLNM dissection might be indicated. Age≥55 years, maximum tumor diameter >20 mm, multifocality, capsular invasion, high Ki-67, p53 ≥5%, T3 and N1a stages affected the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Yao
- Departments of Ultrasound, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Meng
- Departments of Ultrasound, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Runsheng Guo
- Departments of General Surgery, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Lu
- Departments of Pathology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Jin
- Departments of Ultrasound, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Departments of Ultrasound, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Debin Yang
- Departments of Ultrasound, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
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Almeida JFM, Proenca-Modena JL, Bufalo NE, Peres KC, de Souza Teixeira E, Teodoro L, Beck RM, Moraes AP, Tincani AJ, Arns CW, Ward LS. Epstein-Barr virus induces morphological and molecular changes in thyroid neoplastic cells. Endocrine 2020; 69:321-330. [PMID: 32166585 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the evolution of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is usually indolent, some tumors grow fast, metastasize, and may be fatal. Viruses have been associated with many human tumors, especially the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which shows a high viral load in DTC. In order to evaluate the ability of the virus to cause morphological and molecular changes in neoplastic thyroid cell lines TPC-1, BCPAP, and 8505C, a viral adaptation was performed for the analysis of EBV cytopathic effect (CPE), viral kinetics and gene expression analysis of oncogenes KRAS, NRAS, HRAS, and TP53. Comparison of inoculated cells with non-inoculated control cells showed that all tumor cell lines were permissive to the virus. The virus caused CPE in the TPC-1 and 8505C, but not in BCPAP cells. Viral kinetic was similar in both BCPAP and 8505C with a point of eclipse at 24 h post infection. TPC-1 cell line displayed a decreasing growth curve, with highest viral load right after inoculation, which decreased over time. There was hyperexpression of TP53 and NRAS in BCPAP cell (p = 0.012 and p = 0.0344, respectively). The 8505C cell line presented NRAS hyperexpression (p = 0.0255), but lower TP53 expression (p = 0.0274). We concluded that neoplastic thyroid cell lines are permissive to EBV that the virus presents different viral kinetic patterns in different cell lines and produces a CPE on both well-differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cell lines. We also demonstrated that EBV interferes in oncogene expression in thyroid neoplastic cell lines, suggesting that these effects could be related to different tumor progression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Fátima Martins Almeida
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca), Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Luiz Proenca-Modena
- Emerging virus Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (IB-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Natássia Elena Bufalo
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca), Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Colombera Peres
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca), Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisângela de Souza Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca), Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Teodoro
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca), Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Marques Beck
- Animal Virology Laboratory-Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (IB-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Moraes
- Animal Virology Laboratory-Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (IB-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alfio José Tincani
- Head and Neck Surgery Department-State University of Campinas, University Clinical Hospital (HC-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarice Weis Arns
- Animal Virology Laboratory-Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (IB-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Sterian Ward
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics (Gemoca), Department of Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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11
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Subhi O, Schulten HJ, Bagatian N, Al-Dayini R, Karim S, Bakhashab S, Alotibi R, Al-Ahmadi A, Ata M, Elaimi A, Al-Muhayawi S, Mansouri M, Al-Ghamdi K, Hamour OA, Jamal A, Al-Maghrabi J, Al-Qahtani MH. Genetic relationship between Hashimoto`s thyroiditis and papillary thyroid carcinoma with coexisting Hashimoto`s thyroiditis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234566. [PMID: 32603365 PMCID: PMC7326236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is present in the background of around 30% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). The genetic predisposition effect of this autoimmune condition is not thoroughly understood. We analyzed the microarray expression profiles of 13 HT, eight PTCs with (w/) coexisting HT, six PTCs without (w/o) coexisting HT, six micro PTCs (mPTCs), and three normal thyroid (TN) samples. Based on a false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05 and a fold change (FC) > 2, four comparison groups were defined, which were HT vs. TN; PTC w/ HT vs. TN; PTC w/o HT vs. TN; and mPTC vs. TN. A Venn diagram displayed 15 different intersecting and non-intersecting differentially expressed gene (DEG) sets, of which a set of 71 DEGs, shared between the two comparison groups HT vs. TN ∩ PTC w/ HT vs. TN, harbored the relatively largest number of genes related to immune and inflammatory functions; oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS); DNA damage and DNA repair; cell cycle; and apoptosis. The majority of the 71 DEGs were upregulated and the most upregulated DEGs included a number of immunoglobulin kappa variable genes, and other immune-related genes, e.g., CD86 molecule (CD86), interleukin 2 receptor gamma (IL2RG), and interferon, alpha-inducible protein 6 (IFI6). Upregulated genes preferentially associated with other gene ontologies (GO) were, e.g., STAT1, MMP9, TOP2A, and BRCA2. Biofunctional analysis revealed pathways related to immunogenic functions. Further data analysis focused on the set of non-intersecting 358 DEGs derived from the comparison group of HT vs. TN, and on the set of 950 DEGs from the intersection of all four comparison groups. In conclusion, this study indicates that, besides immune/inflammation-related genes, also genes associated with oxidative stress, ROS, DNA damage, DNA repair, cell cycle, and apoptosis are comparably more deregulated in a data set shared between HT and PTC w/ HT. These findings are compatible with the conception of a genetic sequence where chronic inflammatory response is accompanied by deregulation of genes and biofunctions associated with oncogenic transformation. The generated data set may serve as a source for identifying candidate genes and biomarkers that are practical for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohoud Subhi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nadia Bagatian
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roa'a Al-Dayini
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherin Bakhashab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alotibi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Al-Ahmadi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Ata
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Elaimi
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Al-Muhayawi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Mansouri
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman Abdel Hamour
- Department of Surgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Jamal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hussain Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Huang L, Cai Y, Luo Y, Xiong D, Hou Z, Lv J, Zeng F, Yang Y, Cheng X. JAZF1 Suppresses Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Facilitates Apoptosis via Regulating TAK1/NF-κB Pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10501-10514. [PMID: 31819531 PMCID: PMC6897071 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s230597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Juxtaposed with another zinc finger gene 1 (JAZF1) is involved in gluconeogenesis, insulin sensitivity, cell differentiation, lipid metabolism and inflammation, but its role in carcinoma remains inexplicit. Patients and methods We explored the JAZF1 expression in human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) tissues, adjacent normal thyroid tissues and nodular goitre tissues, as well as Ki67 expression in PTC tissues, using immunohistochemistry staining. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were performed to explore the JAZF1 expression levels in Nthy-ori 3–1, BCPAP and TPC-1 cells. BCPAP cells overexpressing JAZF1 were constructed using an Adv-JAZF1-GFP recombinant adenovirus vector. Next, the cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis and immunofluorescence were performed. The mRNA expression level of nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) was examined using RT-qPCR. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p-p65 were examined using Western blotting. Results The expression of JAZF1 in human PTC tissues was downregulated compared with adjacent thyroid tissues or nodular goitre. Additionally, JAZF1 expression was associated with the location and lymph node metastasis of PTC. The expression level of JAZF1 had a negative correlation with Ki67 labelling index (LI). Compared to Nthy-ori 3–1 cells and TPC-1 cells, BCPAP cells expressed the lowest JAZF1. JAZF1 overexpressed significantly inhibited proliferation, caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis in BCPAP cells. Furthermore, JAZF1 overexpressed in BCPAP cells clearly upregulated the expression level of Bax protein, whereas decreased the expression of Bcl-2, TAK1, NF-κB but did not affect the mRNA or protein expression level of NF-κB p65. Conclusion JAZF1 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in BCPAP cells by suppressing the activation of TAK1/NF-κB signalling pathways, suggesting that JAZF1 may serve as a reliable molecular marker in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Huang
- Medical Center of Breast and Thyroid Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, Guizhou 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhuai Cai
- Medical Center of Breast and Thyroid Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, Guizhou 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- Medical Center of Breast and Thyroid Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, Guizhou 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Daigang Xiong
- Medical Center of Breast and Thyroid Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, Guizhou 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Hou
- Medical Center of Breast and Thyroid Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, Guizhou 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyuan Lv
- Medical Center of Breast and Thyroid Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, Guizhou 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zeng
- Medical Center of Breast and Thyroid Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, Guizhou 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, Guizhou 563003, People's Republic of China.,College of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Cheng
- Medical Center of Breast and Thyroid Disease, Affiliated Hospital of ZunYi Medical University, ZunYi, Guizhou 563003, People's Republic of China
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Dwivedi SS, Khandeparkar SGS, Joshi AR, Kulkarni MM, Bhayekar P, Jadhav A, Nayar M, Kambale NS. Study of Immunohistochemical Markers (CK-19, CD-56, Ki-67, p53) in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Solitary Thyroid Nodules with special Reference to Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:EC14-EC19. [PMID: 28208864 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/22428.9114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Solitary Thyroid Nodule (STN) has provoked increased concern owing to higher incidence of malignancy. The inter and intra observer variation in the histomorphological diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas (PTC) may sometimes pose a diagnostic difficulty. AIM This study was undertaken to analyse immunohistochemical (IHC) markers (CK-19, CD-56, p53, Ki-67) to differentiate between benign and malignant surgically resected STN along with their utility in the identification of PTC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present cross sectional study was conducted over a period of 4 years. A technique of manual tissue array was employed for cases subjected to IHC. The primary antibodies used were CK-19, CD-56, p53 and Ki-67. Analysis of the expression of IHC markers (p53, Ki-67) to distinguish between benign and malignant STN was done. Evaluation and correlation of expression of IHC markers (CK-19, CD-56) to determine its utility in reaching definitive diagnosis and assessing prognosis of PTC was tried. Results were subjected to statistical analysis. The results were considered to be significant when the p-value <0.05. RESULTS Out of the 160 cases of surgically resected STN specimens, 68 cases were non-neoplastic, 24 cases were benign and 68 cases were of malignant tumours (7 cases of follicular carcinoma (FCa), 61 cases of PTC). CK-19 was found to be a sensitive (83.61%) and a highly specific positive marker (100%) for the diagnosis of PTC. The difference in CD-56 expression between PTC and non-PTC group was found to be highly statistically significant. CD-56 was found to be a sensitive (85.86%) and specific (82.25%) negative marker in differentiating PTC from follicular lesions/neoplasms. The difference in p53 expression between the malignant and non-malignant STN cases was found to be highly statistically significant with a sensitivity and specificity 85.29% and 70.65% respectively. The statistical difference in mean Ki-67 Labeling Index (LI) was found to be significant between PTC versus FA, PTC versus non-neoplastic lesions, FA versus FCa and FVPTC versus FA. CONCLUSION The panel of four IHC markers (CK-19, CD-56, p53, Ki-67) may be used for differentiating doubtful benign STN cases from malignant ones and also for definitive diagnosis of PTC along with histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Sudhanshu Dwivedi
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Avinash R Joshi
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital , Pune, Maharastra, India
| | - Maithili Mandar Kulkarni
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pallavi Bhayekar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amruta Jadhav
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Musphera Nayar
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neelam S Kambale
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital , Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Using a Readout-Segmented, Multishot EPI Sequence at 3 T Distinguishes between Morphologically Differentiated and Undifferentiated Subtypes of Thyroid Carcinoma-A Preliminary Study. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:403-410. [PMID: 27661405 PMCID: PMC5035355 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinomas represent the most frequent endocrine malignancies. Recent studies were able to distinguish malignant from benign nodules of the thyroid gland with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Although this differentiation is undoubtedly helpful, presurgical discrimination between well-differentiated and undifferentiated carcinomas would be crucial to define the optimal treatment algorithm. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if readout-segmented multishot echo planar DWI is able to differentiate between differentiated and undifferentiated subtypes of thyroid carcinomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fourteen patients with different types of thyroid carcinomas who received preoperative DWI were included in our study. In all lesions, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)min, ADCmean, ADCmax, and D were estimated on the basis of region of interest measurements after coregistration with T1-weighted, postcontrast images. All tumors were resected and analyzed histopathologically. Ki-67 index, p53 synthesis, cellularity, and total and average nucleic areas were estimated using ImageJ version 1.48. RESULTS Analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant difference in ADCmean values between differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas (P=.022). Spearman Rho calculation identified significant correlations between ADCmax and cell count (r=0.541, P=.046) as well as between ADCmax and total nuclei area (r=0.605, P=.022). CONCLUSION DWI can distinguish between differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas.
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Silva V, Hilly O, Strenov Y, Tzabari C, Hauptman Y, Feinmesser R. Effect of cell phone-like electromagnetic radiation on primary human thyroid cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 92:107-15. [PMID: 26689947 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1117678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the potential carcinogenic effects of radiofrequency energy (RFE) emitted by cell phones on human thyroid primary cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary thyroid cell culture was prepared from normal thyroid tissue obtained from patients who underwent surgery at our department. Subconfluent thyroid cells were irradiated under different conditions inside a cell incubator using a device that simulates cell phone-RFE. Proliferation of control and irradiated cells was assessed by the immunohistochemical staining of antigen Kiel clone-67 (Ki-67) and tumor suppressor p53 (p53) expression. DNA ploidy and the stress biomarkers heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). RESULTS Our cells highly expressed thyroglobulin (Tg) and sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) confirming the origin of the tissue. None of the irradiation conditions evaluated here had an effect neither on the proliferation marker Ki-67 nor on p53 expression. DNA ploidy was also not affected by RFE, as well as the expression of the biomarkers HSP70 and ROS. CONCLUSION Our conditions of RFE exposure seem to have no potential carcinogenic effect on human thyroid cells. Moreover, common biomarkers usually associated to environmental stress also remained unchanged. We failed to find an association between cell phone-RFE and thyroid cancer. Additional studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Silva
- a Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Research , The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Petach Tikva
| | - Ohad Hilly
- b Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus , Petach Tikva
| | - Yulia Strenov
- c Department of Pathology , Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus , Petach Tikva
| | - Cochava Tzabari
- c Department of Pathology , Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus , Petach Tikva
| | | | - Raphael Feinmesser
- a Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Research , The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Petach Tikva ;,b Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery , Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus , Petach Tikva
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