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Ługowska K, Kolanowski W. The Impact of Physical Activity at School on Body Fat Content in School-Aged Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12514. [PMID: 36231816 PMCID: PMC9564525 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Excessive amounts of adipose tissue is a health risk. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of increased physical activity (PA) at school on body fat content in children aged 10 to 12 years over a 2-year follow-up. (2) Methods: Children born in 2007 (n = 245) in two groups, (1) standard PA and (2) increased PA at school, 4 and 10 h of physical education lessons per week, respectively. BIA measurements of body fat content were taken twice a year. Results were interpreted based on children's fat content reference curves. (3) Results: During 2 years of observation, the percentage of children with excessive fat mass (overweight and obese) increased by one-third (from 28.11% to 39.67%) in the group of standard PA, while decreased by one-third in the increased PA one (from 28.92% to 21.00%); with normal fat content increased by one-quarter in the increased PA group (from 59.86% to 76.26%) and decreased by one-tenth in the standard PA one (from 61.61% to 56.29%). (4) Conclusions: An increase in PA at school has a positive impact on children's body fat content. It is recommended to increase the number of physical education lessons at school, which has a positive effect on children's health, reducing the risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ługowska
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Siedlce University, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kolanowski
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland
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2
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Local Muscle Endurance and Strength Had Strong Relationship with CrossFit ® Open 2020 in Amateur Athletes. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9070098. [PMID: 34357932 PMCID: PMC8309786 DOI: 10.3390/sports9070098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the relationship between anthropometric measures, cardiorespiratory capacity, strength, power, and local muscle endurance with performance in the CrossFit® Open 2020. For this, 17 volunteers (6 women) (29.0 ± 7.2 years) completed, on separate weeks, tests for body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), maximal oxygen consumption (2 km row test), muscle strength (one repetition maximum (1 RM) back and front squat, isometric peak torque), muscle power (1 RM snatch and clean and jerk) and muscle endurance (Tibana test), which were compared with performance during the CrossFit® Open 2020. Specific tests of localized muscular endurance and muscle strength had the strongest relationship with performance in the CrossFit® Open 2020. On the other hand, the percentage of fat and cardiorespiratory capacity were not significantly correlated with CrossFit® Open 2020 workout performance. Coaches and practitioners should therefore utilize these findings to assess physical fitness and organize the distribution of the training session based on less developed physical needs, in order to ensure an appropriate physiological adaptation for a given competition.
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Hermassi S, van den Tillaar R, Bragazzi NL, Schwesig R. The Associations Between Physical Performance and Anthropometric Characteristics in Obese and Non-obese Schoolchild Handball Players. Front Physiol 2021; 11:580991. [PMID: 33551828 PMCID: PMC7862726 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.580991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship of body fat and fitness measures in schoolchild handball players. Twenty-eight young male handball players from handball first youth league volunteered for the present investigation (age: 10.9 ± 0.72 years; body mass: 54.8 ± 22.9 kg; height: 1.48 ± 0.10 m; body fat: 27.6 ± 9.23%). Measures included the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1), jumping ability [squat and counter-movement jumps (SJ, CMJ)], and sprint tests (10 m, 15 m). Anthropometry was assessed by body mass, body mass index (BMI), and fat percentage (%BF). The power of the upper limb was measured as the total distance thrown overhead using a 2 kg medicine ball. Intrarater reliability for all parameters showed a coefficient of variation (CV) below 10% and an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) above 0.75. All ICC were excellent (ICC ≥ 0.96). Reliability as shown by the CV differed between 1.0 (sprint 15 m) and 5.6 (sprint 10 m). With the exception of medicine ball throw, we found significant differences between non-obese and obese in all performance parameters. The differences ranged from η p 2 = 0.47 (sprint 10 m) to η p 2 = 0.09 (medicine ball throw). The two-step-linear regression analysis using the predictors body height and body weight (step 1) and body fat (step 2) showed a marked increase of explained variance by adding body fat. The largest r2 changes were calculated for sprint 10 m (0.54), CMJ (0.49), and sprint 15 m (0.42). The lowest influence of the predictors was observed for medicine ball throw (step 1: r 2 = 0.03, step 2: r 2 = 0.07). With the exception of sprint parameters (β-coefficient sprint 10 m: -0.74; β-coefficient sprint 20: -0.66), a decrease of %BF leads to a higher performance in all parameters. %BF in youth handball players should be an important concern for practitioners working in this team sport in contrast to the frequently used BMI. It seems sensible and appropriate to engage very young children in physical activities such as team handball in order to improve their physical fitness. Decrease in% body fat could be considered both as a training and nutritional target to enhance and optimize sport performance-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhail Hermassi
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, Genoa, Italy
| | - René Schwesig
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Salle), Germany
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Mohammadpour S, Ghanbari M, Shahinfar H, Gholami F, Djafarian K, Shab-Bidar S. The association between healthy lifestyle score with cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. Int J Clin Pract 2020; 74:e13640. [PMID: 32748532 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association of individual behaviours such as diet, tobacco use, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity have been investigated separately in relevance to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength. The purpose of this study is to investigate the combined association of the four mentioned lifestyle factors with cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 271 Iranian adults, aged 18-70 years. We developed a healthy lifestyle score (HLS) that ranged from 0 to 103 (higher score reflecting better adherence to healthier lifestyle) and included four lifestyle behavioural components (diet, physical activity, smoking and BMI). The relationship between HLS, CRF and muscle strength was determined using linear and non-linear regression analysis. RESULTS HLS score was not significantly associated with VO2max (mL/kg/min) P = .43; VO2max (L min) P = .14; VO2max (LBM) (P = .79) and mean muscle strength (MMS) (kg) (P = .11), muscle strength of right hand (MSR) (kg) (P = .10) and muscle strength of left hand (MSL) (kg) (P = .16) in the unadjusted model. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found a significant association between HLS and Vo2max (L/min), MMS (kg), MSR (kg) and MSL (kg) (P < .001 for all). Also HLS and MMS (r = .06, P = .31), MSR (r = .07, P = .25), MMS (r = .05, P = .39), VO2max (mL/kg/min) (r = .01, P = .77), VO2max (L min) (r = .05, P = .35) and VO2max (LBM) (r = .002, P = .91) have no statistically significant linear relationship. CONCLUSION Adherence to healthy lifestyle may be associated with increased CRF and muscle strength after adjusting for potential confounding variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Mohammadpour
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Ghanbari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahinfar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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5
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Hermassi S, Bragazzi NL, Majed L. Body Fat Is a Predictor of Physical Fitness in Obese Adolescent Handball Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228428. [PMID: 33202549 PMCID: PMC7696105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined the relationships between body fat (BF) and field measures of physical fitness in adolescent handball players. Twenty nine players (age: 16.6 ± 1.72 years; body mass: 79.8 ± 17.0 kg; height: 1.70 ± 0.12 m; body fat: 27.7 ± 8.67%) from Qatar handball first league performed a series of anthropometric and fitness tests related to their performance in sprinting (i.e., 15 m and 30 m sprint), jumping (i.e., countermovement and squat jumps), throwing (i.e., 3 kg medicine ball seated front throw) and running (i.e., agility T-Half and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 tests). Significant differences between obese and non-obese groups, classified based on age-stratified %BF norms, were found, with the largest difference being attributed to aerobic performance on the Yo-Yo test. Results indicated no significant relationships between anthropometric variables and sprinting or jumping abilities. %BF predicted a significant 8–15% portion in running performances of agility and aerobic capacity, while the latter were mainly explained by body height and mass. %BF was the only and strongest predictor of throwing performance, being an important determinant of performance in handball. Optimizing %BF should be considered as a training and nutrition goal in order to improve sport performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhail Hermassi
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), 16132 Genoa, Italy; or
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Lina Majed
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
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Differences among Saudi and Expatriate Students: Body Composition Indices, Sitting Time Associated with Media Use and Physical Activity Pattern. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030832. [PMID: 32013115 PMCID: PMC7037098 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Being overweight at a young age is a predictor of developing obesity and related complications later in adulthood, posing a high risk to public health. Various ethnic subgroups have been identified as having a higher prevalence of overweight or obese. Saudi Arabia is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, where the expatriate population comprises 33% of its total population. The objective of this study was to investigate differences in body composition indices, sitting time associated with media use, and physical activity pattern among a sample of local and expatriate school students in Saudi Arabia. Methods: 500 students (aged 8-18 years) from various schools were invited to participate in this study. Body weight, waist circumference (WC) and height were measured using a portable digital metric scale, standard measuring tape and wall mounted tape respectively. Participants and their parents were jointly asked to report the average time that the participant spent sitting using media (watching TV, playing video games, and using the internet and other screen-based devices etc.) per day. The pattern of physical activity among participants was measured using a short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and total daily energy expenditure (TEE) were estimated from body weight, height, age, sex and physical activity, according to the Harris-Benedict equation. Results: Data from 450 (90%) of the participants were used for analysis. The mean age of the participants was 14.55 ± 1.74 years. Body mass index (BMI), WC, waist to height ratio (WHtR), BMR and TEE differed significantly among the participants. Physical fitness score negatively correlated with BMI and WC, while sitting time associated with media use positively correlated with BMI, WC, WHtR and physical fitness score, among both Saudi and expatriate participants. Conclusions: Body composition indices and sitting time associated with media use were higher among Saudi boys and expatriate girls. Expatriate boys and girls were reported to be physically more active than their Saudi counterparts. BMR and TEE were higher among expatriate boys and Saudi girls. Although this study provides useful information about the association of body composition indices, sitting time associated with media use, and physical activity pattern among local and expatriate school students in SA, similar studies involving a larger study sample, with equal gender representation, are further required to determine various factors associated with this link.
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Shang X, Li Y, Xu H, Zhang Q, Hu X, Liu A, Du S, Li T, Guo H, Li Y, Xu G, Liu W, Ma J, Ma G. Independent and Interactive Associations of Fitness and Fatness With Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk in Children: A Longitudinal Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:342. [PMID: 32595599 PMCID: PMC7304437 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Findings for associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors are inconsistent, and the interactive association between CRF and fatness with CMR factors is unclear in children. Our study aimed to examine whether CRF and fatness are independently and interactively associated with CMR factors. Methods: We included 5,869 children aged 6-13 years in the analysis. Physical examinations, blood tests, and CRF were measured at baseline and 1 year later. Cardiometabolic risk score (CMRS) was computed by summing Z scores of waist circumference (WC), averaged systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, multiplied by -1), and triglycerides. Results: There was a high correlation between fatness and CRF in both boys and girls. High baseline CRF was independently associated with favorable changes in CMRS, BMI, WC, percent body fat (PBF), total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C (all P < 0.025). Improved CRF was independently associated with favorable changes in CMRS, BMI, WC, PBF, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, and fasting glucose (all P < 0.0321). Baseline BMI was positively associated with changes in CMRS, WC, blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR (all P < 0.0462). Low PBF at baseline was associated with favorable changes in CMRS, BMI, WC, blood pressure, HDL-C, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR (all P < 0.0423). The percentage of the total effect of baseline CRF on changes in CMRS, triglycerides, HDL-C, PBF, and WC mediated by baseline BMI was 66.0, 61.6, 40.3, 20.7, and 9.2%, respectively. Baseline CRF was a significant mediator for the association between baseline BMI and changes in CMRS (mediated by 4.3%), triglycerides (5.1%), and HDL-C (12.0%). An inverse association was found between baseline CRF and CMRS in children with high baseline BMI/PBF only. Improved CRF was associated with decreased BMI and WC in children with low baseline CRF. Conclusions: Fatness and CRF are each independently associated with changes in CMR factors. Fatness is a major mediator for the association between CRF and CMR factors, whereas the association between fatness and CMR factors is also mediated by CRF. The beneficial effect of high CRF on CMR factors was more evident in obese or unfit children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Shang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yanping Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Haiquan Xu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Hu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ailing Liu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China
| | - Songming Du
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Children's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guifa Xu
- Department of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weijia Liu
- School Health Department, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guansheng Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guansheng Ma
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Szmodis M, Szmodis I, Farkas A, Mészáros Z, Mészáros J, Kemper HCG. The Relationship between Body Fat Percentage and Some Anthropometric and Physical Fitness Characteristics in Pre- and Peripubertal Boys. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1170. [PMID: 30939794 PMCID: PMC6480244 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to compare anthropometric and physical fitness indicators of boys of the same chronical age but with different fat percentages. Subjects were Hungarian boys aged 9⁻13 years (N = 6919). Anthropometry was measured according the guidelines of the International Biological Program. Relative body fat was estimated by Drinkwater⁻Ross's method (1980); Conrad's growth type of physique was also estimated (1963). Physical fitness was tested with 30 m dash (s), standing long jump (cm), fistball throw (m), and 1200 m run (s). Subjects of each cohort were grouped into seven subgroups with fat percentage ranges of 4%. Differences between subgroups were tested by one-way ANOVA. In the case of a significant F-test, Tukey's post-hoc tests were used. The level of effective random error was set at 5% in all significance tests (p < 0.05). Except for the three groups with low fat percentages, values of body weight, stature, body mass index, and plastic and metric indexes were significantly higher; results of 30 m, 1200 m running, and standing long jump were worse in all groups with higher fat percentages. An interesting finding of the current study is that body fat percentage also influenced the physical fitness of non-overweight and obese children as well when using merely the 4% ranges in grouping by fatness. The lower the fat the better the physical fitness was in this sample of pre- and peripubertal boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Szmodis
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest 1123, Hungary.
| | - Iván Szmodis
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest 1123, Hungary.
| | - Anna Farkas
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest 1123, Hungary.
| | - Zsófia Mészáros
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest 1123, Hungary.
| | - János Mészáros
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest 1123, Hungary.
| | - Han C G Kemper
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 Amsterdam. The Netherlands.
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Kristiansen H, Eide GE, Brannsether B, Roelants M, Bjerknes R, Júlíusson PB. Associations between different weight-related anthropometric traits and lifestyle factors in Norwegian children and adolescents: A case for measuring skinfolds. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23187. [PMID: 30329195 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between weight-related anthropometric measures and children's eating habits, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle at a population level. METHODS Data from the Bergen Growth Study were used to study the association of z-scores of waist circumference (WC), weight-to-height ratio (WHtR), subscapularis (SSF) and triceps (TSF) skinfolds and BMI, with lifestyle factors in 3063 Norwegian children (1543 boys) aged 4-15 years, using linear regression analysis. Each sex was analyzed separately. RESULTS In a fully adjusted model with additional correction for BMI z-scores, the consumption of vegetables was associated with higher WC (b = 0.03) and TSF (b = 0.05) z-scores in girls. Sedentary behavior was not associated with any of the anthropometric measures. Physical activity was negatively associated with SSF (b = -0.07) and TSF (b = -0.07) z-scores in boys, while a significant negative association was observed with WC (b = -0.02), WHtR (b = -0.03), SSF (b = -0.04) and TSF (b = -0.06) in girls. CONCLUSION Physical activity was negatively associated with skinfolds in both sexes. The BMI was not related to the level of physical activity, and should be complemented with direct measures of fat tissue, like skinfolds, when studying the effect of physical activity on body composition in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege Kristiansen
- Department of Pediatrics, District General Hospital of Førde, Førde, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Section for Pediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Egil Eide
- Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Research Group for Lifestyle Epidemiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente Brannsether
- Department of Clinical Science, Section for Pediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mathieu Roelants
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Bjerknes
- Department of Clinical Science, Section for Pediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pétur B Júlíusson
- Department of Clinical Science, Section for Pediatrics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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10
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Dietary Patterns, Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in 9⁻11-Year-Old Children from Dunedin, New Zealand. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070887. [PMID: 29996543 PMCID: PMC6073327 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Research shows that cardiorespiratory (CRF) and muscular fitness in childhood are associated with a healthier cardiovascular profile in adulthood. Identifying factors associated with measures of fitness in childhood could allow for strategies to optimize cardiovascular health throughout the lifecourse. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dietary patterns and both CRF and muscular fitness in 9⁻11-year-olds. In this study of 398 children, CRF and muscular fitness were assessed using a 20-m shuttle run test and digital hand dynamometer, respectively. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis. Mixed effects linear regression models were used to assess associations between dietary patterns and CRF and muscular fitness. Most children had healthy CRF (99%, FITNESSGRAM) and mean ± SD muscular fitness was 15.2 ± 3.3 kg. Two dietary patterns were identified; “Snacks” and “Fruit and Vegetables”. There were no significant associations between either of the dietary patterns and CRF. Statistically significant but not clinically meaningful associations were seen between dietary patterns and muscular fitness. In an almost exclusively fit cohort, food choice is not meaningfully related to measures of fitness. Further research to investigate diet-fitness relationships in children with lower fitness levels can identify key populations for potential investments in health-promoting behaviors.
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11
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Domone S, Mann S, Sandercock G, Wade M, Beedie C. A Method by Which to Assess the Scalability of Field-Based Fitness Tests of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among Schoolchildren. Sports Med 2018; 46:1819-1831. [PMID: 27229897 PMCID: PMC5097078 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has reported the validity and reliability of a range of field-based tests of children’s cardiorespiratory fitness. These two criteria are critical in ensuring the integrity and credibility of data derived through such tests. However, the criterion of scalability has received little attention. Scalability determines the degree to which tests developed on small samples in controlled settings might demonstrate real-world value, and is of increasing interest to policymakers and practitioners. The present paper proposes a method by which the scalability of cardiorespiratory field-based tests suitable for school-aged children might be assessed. We developed an algorithm to estimate scalability based on a six-component model; delivery, evidence of operating at scale, effectiveness, costs, resource requirements and practical implementation. We tested the algorithm on data derived through a systematic review of research that has used relevant fitness tests. A total of 229 studies that had used field based cardiorespiratory fitness tests to measure children’s fitness were identified. Initial analyses indicated that the 5-min run test did not meet accepted criteria for reliability, whilst the 6-min walk test likewise failed to meet the criteria for validity. Of the remainder, a total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria, 22 reporting the 20-m shuttle-run and seven the 1-mile walk/run. Using the scalability algorithm we demonstrate that the 20-m shuttle run test is substantially more scalable than the 1-mile walk/run test, with tests scoring 34/48 and 25/48, respectively. A comprehensive analysis of scalability was prohibited by the widespread non-reporting of data, for example, those relating to cost-effectiveness. Of all sufficiently valid and reliable candidate tests identified, using our algorithm the 20-m shuttle run test was identified as the most scalable. We hope that the algorithm will prove useful in the examination of scalability in either new data relating to existing tests or in data pertaining to new tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Domone
- ukactive Research Institute, 26-28 Bedford Row, London, WC1R 4HE, UK.
| | - Steven Mann
- ukactive Research Institute, 26-28 Bedford Row, London, WC1R 4HE, UK
| | - Gavin Sandercock
- ukactive Research Institute, 26-28 Bedford Row, London, WC1R 4HE, UK.,Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Matthew Wade
- ukactive Research Institute, 26-28 Bedford Row, London, WC1R 4HE, UK
| | - Chris Beedie
- ukactive Research Institute, 26-28 Bedford Row, London, WC1R 4HE, UK.,School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent, UK
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12
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Demmer DL, Beilin LJ, Hands B, Burrows S, Cox KL, Oddy WH, Mori TA. Fatness and Fitness With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4467-4476. [PMID: 29088412 PMCID: PMC5718692 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The relative importance of fitness and fatness with cardiometabolic risk factors is uncertain during the crucial developmental stage of late adolescence. OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the concurrent influences of cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness in relationship to cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional analysis was performed on 1128 participants with complete blood pressure (BP) data and 963 participants with complete blood biochemistry at 17 years of age. Fatness (waist circumference) and cardiorespiratory fitness (physical work capacity 170) were assessed as continuous measures to avoid the use of arbitrary cut points. Analyses used linear regression models adjusted for sex and potential lifestyle confounders. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS Fatness was positively associated with systolic BP (coefficient, 0.19; P < 0.001; β coefficient, 0.20), triglycerides (log coefficient, 0.009; P < 0.001; β coefficient, 0.24), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (coefficient, 0.005; P = 0.007; β coefficient, 0.10), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (log coefficient, 0.05; P < 0.001; β coefficient, 0.35). There were no significant effects of fitness on any of these measures. A positive association between homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance and fatness (log coefficient, 0.02; P < 0.001; β coefficient, 0.33) was attenuated by fitness (log coefficient, -0.0.18; P < 0.001; β coefficient, -0.18). Fatness was inversely associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in both sexes (coefficient, -0.006; P < 0.001; β coefficient, -0.23), whereas fitness was positively associated with HDL-C only in females (coefficient, 0.08; P = 0.03; β coefficient, 0.15). CONCLUSIONS The adverse effects of central adiposity seen across a broad range of cardiometabolic risk factors were only partially ameliorated by fitness in this adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L Demmer
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lawrence J Beilin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Beth Hands
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Australia
| | - Sally Burrows
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kay L Cox
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wendy H Oddy
- The Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Australia
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Cho K, Jones E, Lilly C, Bulger S, Braga L, Elliott E. Relationship Between Adherence to Individual Goals Within the 5-2-1-0 Guidelines for Obesity Prevention and Number of PACER Laps in Adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017; 87:769-775. [PMID: 28876479 PMCID: PMC5817977 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adolescents' adherence to the 5-2-1-0 goals and the number of completed Progressive Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) laps. METHODS Participants included 1792 students aged 10 to 16 years who were randomly selected across 9 data collection periods between 2012 and 2014. The Survey of Physical Activity and Nutrition was used to measure time spent in physical activity and sedentary behavior, and dietary intake and the dependent variable was the number of PACER laps achieved. The Kruskal-Wallis test and pairwise post hoc comparisons were conducted. RESULTS Only 0.95% (N = 17) participants met all 4 goals outlined within the 5-2-1-0 guidelines. Whereas 10.04% met 3 (N = 180), 41.63% met 2 (N = 746), 34.99% met 1 (N = 627), and 12.39% did not meet any goals (N = 222). Pairwise comparisons indicated there were significant differences: between groups not meeting any of the 5-2-1-0 goals and other groups (meeting one goal [p = .000], 2 goals [p = .000], 3 goals [p = .000], and all 4 [p = .008]). CONCLUSIONS The positive relationship between PACER laps and adherence to the 5-2-1-0 goals suggests targeted and sequential behavioral changes may have positive implications on adolescents' cardiovascular fitness and body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kibum Cho
- College of Sports and Arts, Hanyang University, Hanyangdeahak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea
| | - Emily Jones
- College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, PO Box 6116, Morgantown, WV 26505
| | - Christa Lilly
- School of Public Health, West Virginia University, PO Box 9190, Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Sean Bulger
- College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, PO Box 6116, Morgantown, WV 26505
| | - Luciana Braga
- Department of Kinesiology (Yolo 283), California State University Chico, Chico, CA 95929
| | - Eloise Elliott
- College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, PO Box 6116, Morgantown, WV 26505
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14
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de Victo ER, Ferrari GLDM, da Silva JP, Araújo TL, Matsudo VKR. LIFESTYLE INDICATORS AND CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS IN ADOLESCENTS. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2017; 35:61-68. [PMID: 28977318 PMCID: PMC5417811 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2017;35;1;00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the lifestyle indicators associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents from Ilhabela, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS The sample consisted of 181 adolescents (53% male) from the Mixed Longitudinal Project on Growth, Development, and Physical Fitness of Ilhabela. Body composition (weight, height, and body mass index, or BMI), school transportation, time spent sitting, physical activity, sports, television time (TV), having a TV in the bedroom, sleep, health perception, diet, and economic status (ES) were analyzed. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated by the submaximal progressive protocol performed on a cycle ergometer. Linear regression models were used with the stepwise method. RESULTS The sample average age was 14.8 years, and the average cardiorespiratory fitness was 42.2 mL.kg-1.min-1 (42.9 for boys and 41.4 for girls; p=0.341). In the total sample, BMI (unstandardized regression coefficient [B]=-0.03), height (B=-0.01), ES (B=0.10), gender (B=0.12), and age (B=0.03) were significantly associated with cardiorespiratory fitness. In boys, BMI, height, not playing any sports, and age were significantly associated with cardiorespiratory fitness. In girls, BMI, ES, and having a TV in the bedroom were significantly associated with cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS Lifestyle indicators influenced the cardiorespiratory fitness; BMI, ES, and age influenced both sexes. Not playing any sports, for boys, and having a TV in the bedroom, for girls, also influenced cardiorespiratory fitness. Public health measures to improve lifestyle indicators can help to increase cardiorespiratory fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Rossato de Victo
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul, São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brasil
| | | | - João Pedro da Silva
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul, São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brasil
| | - Timóteo Leandro Araújo
- Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul, São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brasil
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Al-Eisa E, Alghadir AH, Iqbal ZA. Measurement of physical activity in obese persons: how and why? A review. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:2670-2674. [PMID: 27799717 PMCID: PMC5080199 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Overweight and obesity are major risk factors for poor health, especially in children. Reduced physical activity, prompted by a sedentary lifestyle, is a major contributor. Hence, it is important to assess physical activity using standardized methods in public health to identify the risks associated with obesity. There have been no recent reports comparing such modalities for use by clinicians and researchers. In this article, some of these methods for use in the assessment of physical activity are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages are described. [Subjects and Methods] Electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar were searched for literature, using key words Obesity, Physical activity, and Physical Behavior Monitoring. [Results] With advances in technology, various novel methods have been developed to assess physical behavior, but conventional methods are still relevant and easy to administer. [Conclusion] There are various measurement options available. Researchers may choose devices providing more accurate measurements, while clinicians may prefer portability and affordability for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einas Al-Eisa
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical
Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H. Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical
Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaheen A. Iqbal
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical
Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Alghadir AH, Gabr SA, Iqbal ZA. Effects of sitting time associated with media consumption on physical activity patterns and daily energy expenditure of Saudi school students. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:2807-12. [PMID: 26504298 PMCID: PMC4616099 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study was performed to assess the effect of daily sitting time during media consumption on physical fitness, total energy expenditure (TEE), and body composition indices of Saudi school children. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 180 healthy Saudi school students (8-18 years) were included in this study. Sitting time, total energy expenditure, and levels of physical activity were evaluated with pre-validated internet based questionnaires. Body composition indices were evaluated using anthropometric analysis. [Results] Out of the studied participants, only 22.2% of students were physically inactive. Children with moderate and active physical scores demonstrated less sedentary behavior (TV viewing and computer usage), lower body composition values (BMI, WC, WHtR), and higher TEE than sedentary or mild activity level participants. Boys showed higher fitness scores and less sedentary behavior than girls. Media sitting time among the studied subjects correlated negatively with physical scores and positively with body composition. [Conclusion] The data presented here suggests that poor physical fitness, lower TEE, and longer sitting times differentially influence normal body composition indices among school children which may lead to overweight or obese individuals. Thus, decreasing sitting time during media consumption and enhancing physical activity may play a pivotal role in preventing obesity in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H. Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied
Medical Sciences, King Saud University, KSA
| | - Sami A. Gabr
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied
Medical Sciences, King Saud University, KSA
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura
University, Egypt
| | - Zaheen A. Iqbal
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied
Medical Sciences, King Saud University, KSA
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Hanifah RA, Majid HA, Jalaludin MY, Al-Sadat N, Murray LJ, Cantwell M, Su TT, Nahar AM. Fitness level and body composition indices: cross-sectional study among Malaysian adolescent. BMC Public Health 2014; 14 Suppl 3:S5. [PMID: 25436933 PMCID: PMC4251133 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-s3-s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of fitness level on the well-being of children and adolescent has long been recognised. The aim of this study was to investigate the fitness level of school-going Malaysian adolescent, and its association with body composition indices. METHODS 1071 healthy secondary school students participated in the fitness assessment for the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team (MyHEART) study. Body composition indices such as body mass index for age, waist circumference and waist height ratio were measured. Fitness level was assessed with Modified Harvard Step Test. Physical Fitness Score was calculated using total time of step test exercise and resting heart rates. Fitness levels were divided into 3 categories - unacceptable, marginally acceptable, and acceptable. Partial correlation analysis was used to determine the association between fitness score and body composition, by controlling age, gender, locality, ethnicity, smoking status and sexual maturation. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine which body composition was the strongest predictor for fitness. RESULTS 43.3% of the participants were categorised into the unacceptable fitness group, 47.1% were considered marginally acceptable, and 9.6% were acceptable. There was a significant moderate inverse association (p < 0.001) between body composition with fitness score (r = -0.360, -0.413 and -0.403 for body mass index for age, waist circumference and waist height ratio, respectively). Waist circumference was the strongest and significant predictor for fitness (ß = -0.318, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Only 9.6% of the students were fit. There was also an inverse association between body composition and fitness score among apparently healthy adolescents, with waist circumference indicated as the strongest predictor. The low fitness level among the Malaysian adolescent should necessitate the value of healthy lifestyle starting at a young age.
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Pindus DM, Davis RDM, Hillman CH, Bandelow S, Hogervorst E, Biddle SJH, Sherar LB. The relationship of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity to cognitive processing in adolescents: findings from the ALSPAC birth cohort. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2014; 79:715-28. [PMID: 25351943 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-014-0612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the relations of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) to cognitive functions in 15-year-old adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children while controlling for aerobic fitness. A sub-sample of 667 adolescents (M(age) = 15.4 ± 0.16 years; 55% females) who provided valid data on variables of interest, were used in the analyses. MVPA was objectively assessed using an Actigraph GT1M accelerometer and aerobic fitness was expressed as physical work capacity at the heart rate of 170 beats per minute from a cycle ergometer test. A computerized stop-signal task was used to measure mean reaction time (RT) and standard deviation of RT, as indicators of cognitive processing speed and variability during an attention and inhibitory control task. MVPA was not significantly related to cognitive processing speed or variability of cognitive performance in hierarchical linear regression models. In simple regression models, aerobic fitness was negatively related to mean RT on the simple go condition. Our results suggest that aerobic fitness, but not MVPA, was associated with cognitive processing speed under less cognitively demanding task conditions. The results thus indicate a potential global effect of aerobic fitness on cognitive functions in adolescents but this may differ depending on the specific task characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika M Pindus
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough,, LE 11 3TU, UK,
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Malone SK, Zemel BS. Measurement and Interpretation of Body Mass Index During Childhood and Adolescence. J Sch Nurs 2014; 31:261-71. [PMID: 25199628 DOI: 10.1177/1059840514548801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The landscape of childhood health and disease has changed over the past century, and school nurses are now in a unique position to address the conditions that lead to chronic disease, such as obesity. Measuring body mass index (BMI) during childhood and adolescence is the recommended method for screening and/or monitoring obesity in school communities. Yet changes in the size, proportion, and distribution of fat mass and fat-free mass during growth and development introduce challenges to interpreting BMI measurements. Understanding these challenges and ensuring accurate measurement techniques are the foundation for implementing school-based BMI measurement programs. This article will provide an overview of body composition during childhood and adolescence, introduce strategies to improve the accuracy of BMI measurements, and explore the school nurse's role in BMI surveillance and/or screening activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babette S Zemel
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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de Pádua Cintra I, Zanetti Passos MA, dos Santos LC, da Costa Machado H, Fisberg M. Waist-to-height ratio percentiles and cutoffs for obesity: a cross-sectional study in brazilian adolescents. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2014; 32:411-419. [PMID: 25395904 PMCID: PMC4221447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the distribution of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) percentiles and cutoffs for obesity in Brazilian adolescents. A cross-sectional study including adolescents aged 10 to 15 years was conducted in the city of São Paulo, Brazil; anthropometric measurements (weight, height, and waist-circumference) were taken, and WHtRs were calculated and then divided into percentiles derived by using Least Median of Squares (LMS) regression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used in determining cutoffs for obesity (BMI ≥ 97th percentile) and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparing variables. The study included 8,019 adolescents from 43 schools, of whom 54.5% were female, and 74.8% attended public schools. Boys had higher mean WHtR than girls (0.45 ± 0.06 vs 0.44 ± 0.05; p=0.002) and higher WHtR at the 95th percentile (0.56 vs 0.54; p<0.05). The WHtR cutoffs according to the WHO criteria ranged from 0.467 to 0.506 and 0.463 to 0.496 among girls and boys respectively, with high sensitivity (82.8-95%) and specificity (84-95.5%). The WHtR was significantly associated with body adiposity measured by BMI. Its age-specific percentiles and cutoffs may be used as additional surrogate markers of central obesity and its co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa de Pádua Cintra
- Adolescent Sector, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Caroline dos Santos
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Fisberg
- Adolescent Sector, Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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