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Teoh R, Caro E, Holman DB, Joseph S, Meale SJ, Chaves AV. Effects of Hardwood Biochar on Methane Production, Fermentation Characteristics, and the Rumen Microbiota Using Rumen Simulation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1534. [PMID: 31354652 PMCID: PMC6635593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar is a novel carbonized feed additive sourced from pyrolyzed biomass. This compound is known to adsorb gasses and carbon, participate in biological redox reactions and provide habitat biofilms for desirable microbiota proliferation. Therefore, biochar holds potential to modify rumen fermentation characteristics and reduce enteric CH4 emissions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hardwood biochar supplementation on fermentation parameters, methane (CH4) production and the ruminal archaeal, bacterial, and fungal microbiota using the in vitro RUSITEC (rumen simulation technique) system. Treatments consisted of a control diet (oaten pasture: maize silage: concentrate, 35:35:30 w/w) and hardwood biochar included at 400 or 800 mg per day (3.6 and 7.2% of substrate DM, respectively), over a 15-day period. Biochar supplementation had no effect (P ≥ 0.37) on pH, effluent (mL/d), total gas (mL/d), dry matter (DM) digestibility or CH4 production (mg/d). The addition of 800 mg biochar per day had the tendency (P = 0.10) to lower the % of CH4 released in fermentation compared to 400 mg/d biochar treatment. However, no effect (P ≥ 0.44) was seen on total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyric, branched-chain VFA, valerate and caproate production and the ratio of acetate to propionate. No effect (P > 0.05) was observed on bacterial, archaeal or fungal community structure. However, biochar supplementation at 800 mg/d decreased the abundance of one Methanomethylophilaceae OTU (19.8-fold, P = 0.046) and one Lactobacillus spp. OTU (31.7-fold, P < 0.01), in comparison to control treatments. Two fungal OTUs classified as Vishniacozyma victoriae (5.4 × 107 increase) and Sporobolomyces ruberrimus (5.4 × 107-fold increase) were more abundant in the 800 mg/d biochar samples. In conclusion, hardwood biochar had no effects on ruminal fermentation characteristics and may potentially lower the concentration of enteric CH4 when included at higher dosages by manipulating ruminal microbiota abundances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Teoh
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Eleonora Caro
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Devin B. Holman
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen Joseph
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Meale
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex V. Chaves
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Pace RM, Prince AL, Ma J, Belfort BDW, Harvey AS, Hu M, Baquero K, Blundell P, Takahashi D, Dean T, Kievit P, Sullivan EL, Friedman JE, Grove K, Aagaard KM. Modulations in the offspring gut microbiome are refractory to postnatal synbiotic supplementation among juvenile primates. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:28. [PMID: 29621980 PMCID: PMC5887201 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We and others have previously shown that alterations in the mammalian gut microbiome are associated with diet, notably early life exposure to a maternal high fat diet (HFD). Here, we aimed to further these studies by examining alterations in the gut microbiome of juvenile Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) that were exposed to a maternal HFD, weaned onto a control diet, and later supplemented with a synbiotic comprised of psyllium seed and Enterococcus and Lactobacillus species. Results Eighteen month old offspring (n = 7) of 36% HFD fed dams were fed a control (14% fat) diet post weaning, then were synbiotic supplemented for 75 days and longitudinal stool and serum samples were obtained. All stool samples were subjected to 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing, and microbiome profiles and serum lipids and triglycerides were compared to untreated, healthy age matched and diet matched controls (n = 7). Overall, 16S-based metagenomic analysis revealed that supplementation exerted minimal alterations to the gut microbiome including transient increased abundance of Lactobacillus species and decreased abundance of few bacterial genera, including Faecalibacterium and Anaerovibrio. However, serum lipid analysis revealed significant decreases in triglycerides, cholesterol, and LDL (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, supplemented juveniles challenged 4 months later were not protected from HFD-induced gut dysbiosis. Conclusions Synbiotic supplementation is temporally associated with alterations in the gut microbiome and host lipid profiles of juvenile Japanese macaques that were previously exposed to a maternal HFD. Despite these presumptive temporal benefits, a protective effect against later HFD-challenge gut dysbiosis was not observed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1169-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Pace
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amanda L Prince
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin D W Belfort
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alexia S Harvey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Karalee Baquero
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Peter Blundell
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Diana Takahashi
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tyler Dean
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Paul Kievit
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elinor L Sullivan
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97239, USA.,Biology Department, University of Portland, Portland, OR, 97203, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kevin Grove
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97239, USA.
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St-Pierre B, Cersosimo LM, Ishaq SL, Wright ADG. Toward the identification of methanogenic archaeal groups as targets of methane mitigation in livestock animalsr. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:776. [PMID: 26284054 PMCID: PMC4519756 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In herbivores, enteric methane is a by-product from the digestion of plant biomass by mutualistic gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbial communities. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that is not assimilated by the host and is released into the environment where it contributes to climate change. Since enteric methane is exclusively produced by methanogenic archaea, the investigation of mutualistic methanogen communities in the GIT of herbivores has been the subject of ongoing research by a number of research groups. In an effort to uncover trends that would facilitate the development of efficient methane mitigation strategies for livestock species, we have in this review summarized and compared currently available results from published studies on this subject. We also offer our perspectives on the importance of pursuing current research efforts on the sequencing of gut methanogen genomes, as well as investigating their cellular physiology and interactions with other GIT microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit St-Pierre
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings SD, USA
| | - Laura M Cersosimo
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington VT, USA
| | - Suzanne L Ishaq
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman MT, USA
| | - André-Denis G Wright
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, USA
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Zeng Y, Zeng D, Zhang Y, Ni X, Tang Y, Zhu H, Wang H, Yin Z, Pan K, Jing B. Characterization of the cellulolytic bacteria communities along the gastrointestinal tract of Chinese Mongolian sheep by using PCR-DGGE and real-time PCR analysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1103-13. [PMID: 25931374 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A balanced gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem is crucial for the health and growth of animals. In the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of ruminants, cellulolytic bacteria aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Rumen contents and feces in ruminants are often used to assess gastrointestinal microbial communities; however, these sites do not guarantee to represent the diversity of microbes found in the entire GIT. In this study, we investigated the microbiota along the GIT of five Chinese Mongolian sheep using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and real-time PCR analysis. Results indicated that microbiota were more abundant in the stomach and large intestine than in the small intestine. DGGE and real-time PCR revealed the predominance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the GIT. Meanwhile, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Clostridium cluster IV showed significant difference in their abundance along the GIT (P < 0.05). Fibrobacter succinogenes was the most dominant species, followed by Ruminococcus albus and R. flavefaciens. The ileum harbored a larger number of cellulolytic bacteria, particularly-Clostridium cluster IV, than reported previously. In addition, comparisons between microbiota in the rumen and rectum indicated similar number of total bacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, F. succinogenes, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Clostridium cluster IV, and Clostridium cluster XIVa, whereas the number of R. albus and R. flavefaciens was higher in the rumen. This study investigated the composition and quantification of GIT microbial community in Chinese Mongolian sheep, and revealed for the first time the cellulolytic bacterial community in these sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
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Cersosimo LM, Lachance H, St-Pierre B, van Hoven W, Wright ADG. Examination of the rumen bacteria and methanogenic archaea of wild impalas (Aepyceros melampus melampus) from Pongola, South Africa. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 69:577-585. [PMID: 25351144 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-014-0521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the rumen microbiome of domesticated ruminants has been evaluated, few studies have explored the rumen microbiome of wild ruminants, and no studies have identified the rumen microbiome in the impala (Aepyceros melampus melampus). In the present study, next-generation sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate the diversity and density of the bacteria and methanogenic archaea residing in the rumen of five adult male impalas, culled during the winter dry season in Pongola, South Africa. A total of 15,323 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences (from five impala), representing 3,892 different phylotypes, were assigned to 1,902 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). A total of 20,124 methanogen 16S rRNA gene sequence reads (from four impala), of which 5,028 were unique, were assigned to 344 OTUs. From the total sequence reads, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes were the most abundant bacterial phyla. While the majority of the bacterial genera found were unclassified, Prevotella and Cupriavidus were the most abundant classified genera. For methanogens, the genera Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera represented 94.3% and 4.0% of the classified sequences, respectively. Most notable was the identification of Methanobrevibacter thaueri-like 16S rRNA gene sequence reads in all four impala samples, representing greater than 30% of each individual's total sequences. Both data sets are accessible through NCBI's Sequence Read Archive (SRA), under study accession number SRP [048619]. The densities of bacteria (1.26 × 10(10)-3.82 × 10(10) cells/ml whole rumen contents) and methanogens (4.48 × 10(8)-7.2 × 10(9) cells/ml of whole rumen contents) from five individual impala were similar to those typically observed in domesticated ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Cersosimo
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Vermont, 570 Main Street, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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Singh KM, Patel AK, Shah RK, Reddy B, Joshi CG. Potential functional gene diversity involved in methanogenesis and methanogenic community structure in Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) rumen. J Appl Genet 2015; 56:411-26. [PMID: 25663664 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-015-0270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the methanogen community structure and methanogenesis from Bubalus bubalis in India may be beneficial to methane mitigation. Our current understanding of the microbial processes leading to methane production is incomplete, and further advancement in the knowledge of methanogenesis pathways would provide means to manipulate its emission in the future. In the present study, we evaluated the methanogenic community structure in the rumen as well as their potential genes involved in methanogenesis. The taxonomic and metabolic profiles of methanogens were assessed by shotgun sequencing of rumen metagenome by Ion Torrent semiconductor sequencing. The buffalo rumen contained representative genera of all the families of methanogens. Members of Methanobacteriaceae were found to be dominant, followed by Methanosarcinaceae, Methanococcaceae, Methanocorpusculaceae, and Thermococcaceae. A total of 60 methanogenic genera were detected in buffalo rumen. Methanogens related to the genera Methanobrevibacter, Methanosarcina, Methanococcus, Methanocorpusculum, Methanothermobacter, and Methanosphaera were predominant, representing >70 % of total archaeal sequences. The metagenomic dataset indicated the presence of genes involved in the methanogenesis and acetogenesis pathways, and the main functional genes were those of key enzymes in the methanogenesis. Sequences related to CoB--CoM heterodisulfide reductase, methyl coenzyme M reductase, f420-dependent methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase, and formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase were predominant in rumen. In addition, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase were also recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna M Singh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India,
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