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Paterson ESJ, Scheck S, McDowell S, Bedford N, Girling JE, Henry CE. Comparison of cervicovaginal fluid extracellular vesicles isolated from paired cervical brushes and vaginal swabs. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e153. [PMID: 38939571 PMCID: PMC11080783 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynaecological condition, with a long diagnostic delay. Surgery is required to confirm a diagnosis, highlighting the need for a non-invasive biomarker. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may have a role in endometriosis pathogenesis, yet there is limited EV biomarker literature available. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of isolating cervico-vaginal fluid EVs sampled using cervical brushes and vaginal swabs and to compare these methods. After providing informed consent, patients undergoing surgery for suspected endometriosis had cervical brush and vaginal swab samples collected under general anaesthetic. Isolated EVs were characterised through negative stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blotting (TSG101, CD63, Calnexin, ApoB, Albumin), tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), microBCA assays and RT-qPCR of miRNAs. PCR was performed on samples prior to EV isolation to assess bacteria present in samples. Cervical brush and vaginal swab EVs were intact vesicles with limited co-isolated contaminants. Cervical brushes had higher concentrations of particles compared to match vaginal swabs, although both samples had low concentrations. Protein and miRNA yield were similar between matched samples. PCR demonstrated only a small amount DNA within samples was bacterial (>0.5%). Cervico-vaginal fluids EVs were successfully isolated from cervical brushes and vaginal swabs, demonstrating a new method of sampling reproductive EVs. EV yield from both sample types was low. Similar protein and miRNA levels suggest either sampling method may be suitable for biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Scheck
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's HealthUniversity of OtagoWellington, AotearoaNew Zealand
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWellington Hospital, Te Whatu Ora ‐ Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellington, AotearoaNew Zealand
| | - Simon McDowell
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWellington Hospital, Te Whatu Ora ‐ Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellington, AotearoaNew Zealand
| | - Nick Bedford
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyWellington Hospital, Te Whatu Ora ‐ Capital, Coast and Hutt ValleyWellington, AotearoaNew Zealand
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2
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Scheck S, Paterson ESJ, Henry CE. A promising future for endometriosis diagnosis and therapy: extracellular vesicles - a systematic review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:174. [PMID: 36544197 PMCID: PMC9768904 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-01040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory gynaecological disease that can have severe negative impacts on quality of life and fertility, placing burden on patients and the healthcare system. Due to the heterogeneous nature of endometriosis, and the lack of correlation between symptom and surgical disease severity, diagnosis and treatment remain a significant clinical challenge. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biologically active particles containing molecular cargo involved in intercellular communication, that can be exploited for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.We systematically reviewed studies exploring EVs and their role in endometriosis, specifically addressing diagnostic and therapeutic potential and current understanding of pathophysiology. Five databases (Pubmed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar) were searched for keywords 'endometriosis' and either 'extracellular vesicles' or 'exosomes'.There were 28 studies included in the review. Endometrium derived EVs contribute to the development of endometriosis. EVs derived from endometriosis lesions contribute to angiogenesis, immunomodulation and fibrosis. Such EVs can be detected in blood, with early data demonstrating utility in diagnosis and recurrence detection. EV isolation techniques varied between studies and only eight of twenty-eight studies fully characterised EVs according to current recommended standards. Reporting/type of endometriosis was limited across studies. Varied patient population, type of sample and isolation techniques created bias and difficulty in comparing studies.EVs hold promise for improving care for symptomatic patients who have never had surgery, as well as those with recurrent symptoms after previous surgery. We encourage further EV research in endometriosis with the inclusion of rigorous reporting of both the patient population and technical methodology used, with the ultimate goal of achieving clinical utility for diagnosis, prognosis and eventually treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Scheck
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wellington Hospital, Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Emily S J Paterson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Claire E Henry
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
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3
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Soroczynska K, Zareba L, Dlugolecka M, Czystowska-Kuzmicz M. Immunosuppressive Extracellular Vesicles as a Linking Factor in the Development of Tumor and Endometriotic Lesions in the Gynecologic Tract. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091483. [PMID: 35563789 PMCID: PMC9105295 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both gynecological tumors and endometriosis require for their development a favorable environment, termed in the case of tumors a "pre-metastatic niche" and in case of endometriosis a "pro-endometriotic niche". This is characterized by chronic inflammation and immunosuppression that support the further progression of initial lesions. This microenvironment is established and shaped in the course of a vivid cross-talk between the tumor or endometrial cells with other stromal, endothelial and immune cells. There is emerging evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in this cellular communication, mediating both in tumors and endometriosis similar immunosuppressive and pro-inflammatory mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the latest findings about EVs as immunosuppressive factors, highlighting the parallels between gynecological tumors and endometriosis. Furthermore, we outline their role as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers as well as their future in therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Soroczynska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (L.Z.); (M.D.)
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Zareba
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (L.Z.); (M.D.)
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dlugolecka
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (L.Z.); (M.D.)
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czystowska-Kuzmicz
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.S.); (L.Z.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Lee J, Park H, Moon S, Do JT, Hong K, Choi Y. Expression and Regulation of CD73 during the Estrous Cycle in Mouse Uterus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179403. [PMID: 34502315 PMCID: PMC8431015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73, also known as ecto-5′-nucleotidase) is an enzyme that converts AMP into adenosine. CD73 is a surface enzyme bound to the outside of the plasma membrane expressed in several cells and regulates immunity and inflammation. In particular, it is known to inhibit T cell-mediated immune responses. However, the regulation of CD73 expression by hormones in the uterus is not yet clearly known. In this study, we investigated the expression of CD73 in ovariectomized mice treated with estrogen or progesterone and its regulation in the mouse uterus during the estrous cycle. The level of CD73 expression was dynamically regulated in the uterus during the estrous cycle. CD73 protein expression was high in proestrus, estrus, and diestrus, whereas it was relatively low in the metestrus stage. Immunofluorescence revealed that CD73 was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of the luminal and glandular epithelium and the stroma of the endometrium. The expression of CD73 in ovariectomized mice was gradually increased by progesterone treatment. However, estrogen injection did not affect its expression. Moreover, CD73 expression was increased when estrogen and progesterone were co-administered and was inhibited by the pretreatment of the progesterone receptor antagonist RU486. These findings suggest that the expression of CD73 is dynamically regulated by estrogen and progesterone in the uterine environment, and that there may be a synergistic effect of estrogen and progesterone.
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5
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Esfandyari S, Elkafas H, Chugh RM, Park HS, Navarro A, Al-Hendy A. Exosomes as Biomarkers for Female Reproductive Diseases Diagnosis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042165. [PMID: 33671587 PMCID: PMC7926632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is an essential mechanism for the maintenance and development of various organs, including the female reproductive system. Today, it is well-known that the function of the female reproductive system and successful pregnancy are related to appropriate follicular growth, oogenesis, implantation, embryo development, and proper fertilization, dependent on the main regulators of cellular crosstalk, exosomes. During exosome synthesis, selective packaging of different factors into these vesicles happens within the originating cells. Therefore, exosomes contain both genetic and proteomic data that could be applied as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in pregnancy-associated disorders or placental functions. In this context, the present review aims to compile information about the potential exosomes with key molecular cargos that are dysregulated in female reproductive diseases which lead to infertility, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF), Asherman syndrome, endometriosis, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and preeclampsia, as well as signaling pathways related to the regulation of the reproductive system and pregnancy outcome during these pathological conditions. This review might help us realize the etiology of reproductive dysfunction and improve the early diagnosis and treatment of the related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Esfandyari
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.); (R.M.C.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hoda Elkafas
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.); (R.M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA) Formally, (NODCAR), Cairo 35521, Egypt
| | - Rishi Man Chugh
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.); (R.M.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hang-soo Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-s.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Antonia Navarro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-s.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.-s.P.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-773-832-0742
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6
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Purinergic Signaling in Endometriosis-Associated Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228512. [PMID: 33198179 PMCID: PMC7697899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disease, with an associated chronic inflammatory component, characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Its predominant symptom is pain, a condition notably altering the quality of life of women with the disease. This review is intended to exhaustively gather current knowledge on purinergic signaling in endometriosis-associated pain. Altered extracellular ATP hydrolysis, due to changes in ectonucleotidase activity, has been reported in endometriosis; the resulting accumulation of ATP in the endometriotic microenvironment points to sustained activation of nucleotide receptors (P2 receptors) capable of generating a persistent pain message. P2X3 receptor, expressed in sensory neurons, mediates nociceptive, neuropathic, and inflammatory pain, and is enrolled in endometriosis-related pain. Pharmacological inhibition of P2X3 receptor is under evaluation as a pain relief treatment for women with endometriosis. The role of other ATP receptors is also discussed here, e.g., P2X4 and P2X7 receptors, which are involved in inflammatory cell–nerve and microglia–nerve crosstalk, and therefore in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Adenosine receptors (P1 receptors), by contrast, mainly play antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory roles. Purinome-targeted drugs, including nucleotide receptors and metabolizing enzymes, are potential non-hormonal therapeutic tools for the pharmacological management of endometriosis-related pain.
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7
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Schjenken JE, Panir K, Robertson SA, Hull ML. Exosome-mediated intracellular signalling impacts the development of endometriosis-new avenues for endometriosis research. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 25:2-4. [PMID: 30445586 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J E Schjenken
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - K Panir
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M L Hull
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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8
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Trapero C, Vidal A, Fernández-Montolí ME, Coroleu B, Tresserra F, Barri P, Gómez de Aranda I, Sévigny J, Ponce J, Matias-Guiu X, Martín-Satué M. Impaired Expression of Ectonucleotidases in Ectopic and Eutopic Endometrial Tissue Is in Favor of ATP Accumulation in the Tissue Microenvironment in Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225532. [PMID: 31698766 PMCID: PMC6888134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a prevalent disease defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as a proinflammatory molecule, promotes and helps maintain the inflammatory state of endometriosis. Moreover, ATP has a direct influence on the two main symptoms of endometriosis: infertility and pain. Purinergic signaling, the group of biological responses to extracellular nucleotides such as ATP and nucleosides such as adenosine, is involved in the biology of reproduction and is impaired in pathologies with an inflammatory component such as endometriosis. We have previously demonstrated that ectonucleotidases, the enzymes regulating extracellular ATP levels, are active in non-pathological endometria, with hormone-dependent changes in expression throughout the cycle. In the present study we have focused on the expression of ectonucleotidases by means of immunohistochemistry and in situ activity in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue of women with endometriosis, and we compared the results with endometria of women without the disease. We have demonstrated that the axis CD39-CD73 is altered in endometriosis, with loss of CD39 and CD73 expression in deep infiltrating endometriosis, the most severe, and most recurring, endometriosis subtype. Our results indicate that this altered expression of ectonucleotidases in endometriosis boosts ATP accumulation in the tissue microenvironment. An important finding is the identification of the nucleotide pyrophophatase/phosphodiesterase 3 (NPP3) as a new histopathological marker of the disease since we have demonstrated its expression in the stroma only in endometriosis, in both eutopic and ectopic tissue. Therefore, targeting the proteins directly involved in ATP breakdown could be an appropriate approach to consider in the treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Trapero
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Campus Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (C.T.); (A.V.); (I.G.d.A.)
- Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.E.F.-M.); (J.P.); (X.M.-G.)
| | - August Vidal
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Campus Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (C.T.); (A.V.); (I.G.d.A.)
- Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.E.F.-M.); (J.P.); (X.M.-G.)
- Servei d’Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Eulàlia Fernández-Montolí
- Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.E.F.-M.); (J.P.); (X.M.-G.)
- Servei de Ginecologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Buenaventura Coroleu
- Salud de la Mujer Dexeus, Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.C.); (F.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Francesc Tresserra
- Salud de la Mujer Dexeus, Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.C.); (F.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Pere Barri
- Salud de la Mujer Dexeus, Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (B.C.); (F.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Inmaculada Gómez de Aranda
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Campus Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (C.T.); (A.V.); (I.G.d.A.)
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Départment de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.E.F.-M.); (J.P.); (X.M.-G.)
- Servei de Ginecologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.E.F.-M.); (J.P.); (X.M.-G.)
- Servei d’Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Martín-Satué
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Campus Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (C.T.); (A.V.); (I.G.d.A.)
- Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain; (M.E.F.-M.); (J.P.); (X.M.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Shao XH, Dong XQ, Kong DJ, Zhang LW, Wang LL, Wang SM. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography in Sclerotherapy for Ovarian Endometrial Cyst. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:1828-1835. [PMID: 29730067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) characteristics related to the perfusion pattern and parameters of the time-intensity curve of ovarian endometrial cysts (OECs) pre- and post-sclerotherapy. Forty-three patients with one-sided, single, untreated OECs underwent CEUS pre- and post-sclerotherapy. OEC wall thickness was measured by 2-D ultrasonography and CEUS, and CEUS enhancement patterns and time-intensity curve parameters before and after sclerotherapy were compared. OEC wall thickness remained essentially unchanged post-sclerotherapy. Wall thickness was significantly larger on 2-D ultrasonography than on CEUS. The OEC wall exhibited rapid enhancement and slow clearance both pre- and post-sclerotherapy. Wash-in and wash-out times remained unchanged. The wall exhibited iso-enhancement pre-sclerotherapy, but low and partially uneven enhancement post-sclerotherapy. Post-treatment, time to peak was delayed, peak intensity was reduced and perfusion slope was decreased. The contrast agent arrival time and area under the curve remained similar. CEUS enhancement patterns and quantitative parameters were altered post-sclerotherapy; thus, treatments involving sclerosing agent retention can help to improve the efficacy of sclerotherapy for OEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Shao
- Department of Ultrasonography, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Dong
- Department of Ultrasonography, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - De-Jiao Kong
- Department of Ultrasonography, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li-Wei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Si-Ming Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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10
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Klemmt PA, Starzinski-Powitz A. Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis of Endometriosis. CURRENT WOMEN'S HEALTH REVIEWS 2018; 14:106-116. [PMID: 29861704 PMCID: PMC5925869 DOI: 10.2174/1573404813666170306163448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial body of studies supports the view that molecular and cellular features of endometriotic lesions differ from those of eutopic endometrium. Apart from that, evidence exists that the eutopic endometrium from pa-tients with endometriosis differs from that of females without endometriosis. OBJECTIVE Aberrant expression profiles include a number of non-steroid signaling pathways that exert their putative influ-ence on the pathogenesis of endometriosis at least in part via crosstalk(s) with estrogen-mediated mechanisms. A rational to focus research on non-steroid signal pathways is that they might be remunerative targets for the development and selection of novel therapeutics to treat endometriosis possibly without affecting estrogen levels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In this article, we describe molecular and cellular features of endometriotic lesions and focus on the canonical WNT/β-signaling pathway, a key regulatory system in biology (including stem cell homeostasis) and often in pathophysiological conditions such as endometriosis. Recently emerged novel biological concepts in signal transduction and gene regulation like exosomes and microRNAs are discussed in their putative role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra A.B. Klemmt
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Human Genetics, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna Starzinski-Powitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Human Genetics, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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11
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Simon C, Greening DW, Bolumar D, Balaguer N, Salamonsen LA, Vilella F. Extracellular Vesicles in Human Reproduction in Health and Disease. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:292-332. [PMID: 29390102 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extensive evidence suggests that the release of membrane-enclosed compartments, more commonly known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), is a potent newly identified mechanism of cell-to-cell communication both in normal physiology and in pathological conditions. This review presents evidence about the formation and release of different EVs, their definitive markers and cargo content in reproductive physiological processes, and their capacity to convey information between cells through the transfer of functional protein and genetic information to alter phenotype and function of recipient cells associated with reproductive biology. In the male reproductive tract, epididymosomes and prostasomes participate in regulating sperm motility activation, capacitation, and acrosome reaction. In the female reproductive tract, follicular fluid, oviduct/tube, and uterine cavity EVs are considered as vehicles to carry information during oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo-maternal crosstalk. EVs via their cargo might be also involved in the triggering, maintenance, and progression of reproductive- and obstetric-related pathologies such as endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and erectile dysfunction. In this review, we provide current knowledge on the present and future use of EVs not only as biomarkers, but also as therapeutic targeting agents, mainly as vectors for drug or compound delivery into target cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Simon
- Igenomix Foundation, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - David W Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Bolumar
- Igenomix Foundation, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Balaguer
- Igenomix Foundation, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Felipe Vilella
- Igenomix Foundation, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
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Trapero C, Jover L, Fernández-Montolí ME, García-Tejedor A, Vidal A, Gómez de Aranda I, Ponce J, Matias-Guiu X, Martín-Satué M. Analysis of the ectoenzymes ADA, ALP, ENPP1, and ENPP3, in the contents of ovarian endometriomas as candidate biomarkers of endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 79. [PMID: 29194839 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The diagnosis of endometriosis, a prevalent chronic disease with a strong inflammatory component, is usually delayed due to the lack of noninvasive diagnostic tests. Purinergic signaling, a key cell pathway, is altered in many inflammatory disorders. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), and ENPP3, elements of purinergic signaling, as biomarker candidates for endometriosis. METHOD OF STUDY A case-control comparative study was conducted to determine ADA, ALP, ENPP1 and ENPP3 levels in echo-guided aspirated fluids of endometriomas (case group) and simple ovarian cysts (control group) using the ELISA technique. RESULTS Adenosine deaminase, ALP, ENPP1, and ENPP3 were present and quantifiable in the contents of endometriomas and simple cysts. There were significant differences in ADA and ENPP1 levels in endometriomas in comparison with simple cysts (2787 U/L and 103.9 ng/mL more in endometriomas, for ADA and ENPP1, respectively). Comparisons of ALP and ENPP3 levels between the two groups did not reveal significant differences. CONCLUSION The ectoenzymes ADA and ENPP1 are biomarker candidates for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Trapero
- Department de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Campus Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Jover
- Department de Fonaments Clínics, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Eulàlia Fernández-Montolí
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Ginecologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo García-Tejedor
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Ginecologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - August Vidal
- Department de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Campus Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Gómez de Aranda
- Department de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Campus Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei de Ginecologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Martín-Satué
- Department de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Campus Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
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Smythies J. Intercellular Signaling in Cancer-the SMT and TOFT Hypotheses, Exosomes, Telocytes and Metastases: Is the Messenger in the Message? J Cancer 2015; 6:604-9. [PMID: 26078789 PMCID: PMC4466408 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examines the current two leading hypotheses relating to cancer neogenesis—the somatic mutation theory (SMT) and the tissue organization field theory (TOFT)—and focuses on four specific issues. What are the details of the process that changes the epigenetic cargo of the exosomes a cell produces when it becomes malignant? Can exosomes produced by a malignant cell induce on their own a metastatic cancer in the target tissue? What is the functional significance of the fact that exosomes from cancer cells carry in their loads segments of genomic DNA bearing cancer-related mutations across the entire spectrum? What is the evolutionary advantage for the organism of the production by its cancer cells of exosomes that carry epigenetic instructions for the building of elaborate molecular mechanisms that promote the growth of metastatic cancers? These issues are examined with a view of determining the support they give to one or other of the two hypotheses. The conclusion is that they support a specific form of TOFT in which exosomes play a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Smythies
- Center for Brain and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, USA
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