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Shen CF, Ho TS, Wang SM, Liao YT, Hu YS, Tsai HP, Chen SH. The cellular immunophenotype expression of influenza A virus and influenza B virus infection in children. Clin Immunol 2020; 219:108548. [PMID: 32735869 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innate immune response is the primary defense against influenza virus infection. METHODS This is a prospective study carried out in children <18 years of age who were diagnosed with influenza A or influenza B infection. Demographic and clinical data, laboratory findings and cell immunophenotypes on first presentation were compared. RESULTS With respect to immunophenotype, influenza A infection resulted in a higher fraction of CD14+ and CD4+IL-17A+cells compared to children infected with influenza B. By contrast, influenza B infection resulted in a comparatively higher percentage of double-negative CD4-CD8- lymphocyte subsets. Influenza A infection was associated with comparatively higher percentages of CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ and CD4+CD25lowFoxp3+ cells. By contrast, the percentage of CD8+CD25high and CD8+CD25low cells was similar among patients with influenza A infection and influenza B infection. CONCLUSIONS An improved understanding of the fraction of regulatory T cells with influenza virus infections may provide further understandings on immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fen Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ting Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shiang Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Pin Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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Anania VG, Randolph AG, Yang X, Nguyen A, Newhams MM, Mathews WR, Rosenberger CM, McBride JM. Early Amplified Respiratory Bioactive Lipid Response Is Associated With Worse Outcomes in Pediatric Influenza-Related Respiratory Failure. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa122. [PMID: 32420403 PMCID: PMC7216777 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers are needed for early identification of patients at risk of severe complications from influenza infection, including prolonged respiratory failure and death. Eicosanoids are bioactive lipid mediators with pro- and anti-inflammatory properties produced in response to infection. This study assessed the relationships between the host bioactive lipid response, influenza viral load, and clinical outcomes. Methods Influenza-positive, intubated children ≤18 years old were enrolled across 26 US pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Mass spectrometry was used to measure >100 lipid metabolites in endotracheal and nasopharyngeal samples. Influenza viral load was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Age and bacterial co-infection were associated with multiple bioactive lipids (P < .05). Influenza viral load was lower in patients with bacterial co-infection compared with those without, and pro-inflammatory bioactive lipids positively correlated with viral load in bacterially co-infected children (P < .05). Lipids associated with disease resolution correlated with viral load in patients without bacterial co-infection (P < .01). After adjusting for age and bacterial co-infection status, elevated pro- and anti-inflammatory lipids measured early in the intensive care unit course were associated with higher mortality, whereas influenza viral load and endotracheal cytokine levels were not associated with clinical outcomes. Prostaglandin E2, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid measured within 72 hours of PICU admission predicted death or prolonged (≥28 days) mechanical ventilator support (area under the curve, 0.72-0.79; P < .02) not explained by admission illness severity. Conclusions Children with influenza-related complications have early bioactive lipid responses that may reflect lung disease severity. Respiratory bioactive lipids are candidate prognostic biomarkers to identify children with the most severe clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica G Anania
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Departments of Anaesthesia and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Allen Nguyen
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Margaret M Newhams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - W Rodney Mathews
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carrie M Rosenberger
- Department of Biomarker Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jacqueline M McBride
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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3
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Camp JV, Jonsson CB. A Role for Neutrophils in Viral Respiratory Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:550. [PMID: 28553293 PMCID: PMC5427094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are immune cells that are well known to be present during many types of lung diseases associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may contribute to acute lung injury. Neutrophils are poorly studied with respect to viral infection, and specifically to respiratory viral disease. Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is the cause of a respiratory disease that poses a significant global public health concern. Influenza disease presents as a relatively mild and self-limiting although highly pathogenic forms exist. Neutrophils increase in the respiratory tract during infection with mild seasonal IAV, moderate and severe epidemic IAV infection, and emerging highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). During severe influenza pneumonia and HPAI infection, the number of neutrophils in the lower respiratory tract is correlated with disease severity. Thus, comparative analyses of the relationship between IAV infection and neutrophils provide insights into the relative contribution of host and viral factors that contribute to disease severity. Herein, we review the contribution of neutrophils to IAV disease pathogenesis and to other respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy V Camp
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine at Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Colleen B Jonsson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Goodier MR, Rodriguez-Galan A, Lusa C, Nielsen CM, Darboe A, Moldoveanu AL, White MJ, Behrens R, Riley EM. Influenza Vaccination Generates Cytokine-Induced Memory-like NK Cells: Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:313-25. [PMID: 27233958 PMCID: PMC4911617 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human NK cells are activated by cytokines, immune complexes, and signals transduced via activating ligands on other host cells. After vaccination, or during secondary infection, adaptive immune responses can enhance both cytokine-driven and Ab-dependent NK cell responses. However, induction of NK cells for enhanced function after in vitro exposure to innate inflammatory cytokines has also been reported and may synergize with adaptive signals to potentiate NK cell activity during infection or vaccination. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of seasonal influenza vaccination on NK cell function and phenotype in 52 previously unvaccinated individuals. Enhanced, IL-2–dependent, NK cell IFN-γ responses to Influenza A/California/7/2009 virus were detected up to 4 wk postvaccination and higher in human CMV (HCMV)-seronegative (HCMV−) individuals than in HCMV-seropositive (HCMV+) individuals. By comparison, robust NK cell degranulation responses were observed both before and after vaccination, due to high titers of naturally occurring anti-influenza Abs in human plasma, and did not differ between HCMV+ and HCMV− subjects. In addition to these IL-2–dependent and Ab-dependent responses, NK cell responses to innate cytokines were also enhanced after influenza vaccination; this was associated with proliferation of CD57− NK cells and was most evident in HCMV+ subjects. Similar enhancement of cytokine responsiveness was observed when NK cells were cocultured in vitro with Influenza A/California/7/2009 virus, and this was at least partially dependent upon IFN-αβR2. In summary, our data indicate that attenuated or live viral vaccines promote cytokine-induced memory-like NK cells and that this process is influenced by HCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Goodier
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Galan
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Lusa
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn M Nielsen
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Alansana Darboe
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; MRC International Nutrition Group, Medical Research Council, The Gambia Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ana L Moldoveanu
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J White
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Ron Behrens
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom;
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dos Santos PL, de Oliveira FA, Santos MLB, Cunha LCS, Lino MTB, de Oliveira MFS, Bomfim MOM, Silva AM, de Moura TR, de Jesus AR, Duthie MS, Reed SG, de Almeida RP. The Severity of Visceral Leishmaniasis Correlates with Elevated Levels of Serum IL-6, IL-27 and sCD14. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004375. [PMID: 26814478 PMCID: PMC4729473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe disease caused by infection with protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Classic VL is characterized by a systemic infection of phagocytic cells and an intense activation of the inflammatory response. It is unclear why 90% of infected individuals do not develop the disease while a minority develop the classical form. Furthermore, among those that develop disease, a small group progresses to more severe form that is unresponsive to treatment. The presence of inflammatory mediators in serum could theoretically help to control the infection. However, there is also a release of anti-inflammatory mediators that could interfere with the control of parasite multiplication. In this study, we took advantage of the spectrum of outcomes to test the hypothesis that the immune profile of individuals infected with Leishmania (L.) infantum is associated with the development and severity of disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Sera from patients with confirmed diagnosis of VL were evaluated for the presence of numerous molecules, and levels compared with healthy control and asymptomatic infected individuals. CONCLUSIONS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Although differences were not observed in LPS levels, higher levels of sCD14 were detected in VL patients. Our data suggest that L. infantum may activate the inflammatory response via CD14, stimulating a generalized inflammatory response with production of several cytokines and soluble molecules, including IFN-γ, IL-27, IL-10, IL-6 and sCD14. These molecules were strongly associated with hepatosplenomegaly, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. We also observed that IL-6 levels greater than 200 pg/ml were strongly associated with death. Together our data reinforce the close relationship of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-27 in the immune dynamics of VL and suggest the direct participation of sCD14 in the activation of the immune response against L. infantum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila L. dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia A. de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Micheli Luize B. Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Luana Celina S. Cunha
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Michelle T. B. Lino
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Michelle F. S. de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Manuela O. M. Bomfim
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Tatiana R. de Moura
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Amélia R. de Jesus
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Malcolm S. Duthie
- Infectious Diseases Research Institute (IDRI), Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Reed
- Infectious Diseases Research Institute (IDRI), Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Roque P. de Almeida
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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