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QIN X, WANG C, XUE J, ZHANG J, LU X, DING S, GE L, WANG M. Efficacy of electroacupuncture on myocardial protection and postoperative rehabilitation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:1-15. [PMID: 38213234 PMCID: PMC10774734 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20230904.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) intervention on myocardial protection and postoperative rehabilitation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS Eight databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and two clinical trial registries, were searched. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to EA intervention in cardiac surgery with CPB were collected. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers independently screened articles and extracted data. After the quality evaluation, RevMan 5.3 software was used for analysis. RESULTS Fourteen RCTs involving 836 patients were included. Compared with the control treatment, EA significantly increased the incidence of cardiac automatic rebeat after aortic unclamping [relative risk (RR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.01, 1.31), P < 0.05; moderate]. Twenty-four hours after aortic unclamping, EA significantly increased the superoxide dismutase [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.96, 95% CI(0.32, 1.61), P < 0.05; low], and interleukin (IL)-2 [SMD = 1.33, 95% CI(0.19, 2.47), P < 0.05; very low] expression levels and decreased the malondialdehyde [SMD =-1.62, 95% CI(-2.15, -1.09), P < 0.05; moderate], tumour necrosis factor-α [SMD = -1.28, 95% CI(-2.37, -0.19), P < 0.05; moderate], and cardiac troponin I [SMD = -1.09, 95% CI(-1.85, -0.32), P < 0.05; low] expression levels as well as the inotrope scores [SMD = -0.77, 95% CI(-1.22, -0.31), P < 0.05; high]. There was no difference in IL-6 and IL-10 expression levels. The amount of intraoperative sedative [SMD = -0.31, 95% CI(-0.54, -0.09), P < 0.05; moderate] and opioid analgesic [SMD = -0.96, 95% CI(-1.53, -0.38), P < 0.05; low] medication was significantly lower in the EA group than in the control group. Moreover, the postoperative tracheal intubation time [SMD = -0.92, 95% CI(-1.40, -0.45), P < 0.05; low] and intensive care unit stay [SMD = -1.71, 95% CI(-3.06, -0.36), P < 0.05; low] were significantly shorter in the EA group than in the control group. There were no differences in the time to get out of bed for the first time, total days of antibiotic use after surgery, or postoperative hospital stay. No adverse reactions related to EA were reported in any of the included studies. CONCLUSIONS In cardiac surgery with CPB, EA may be a safe and effective strategy to reduce myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and speed up the recovery of patients after surgery. These findings must be interpreted with caution, as most of the evidence was of low or moderate quality. More RCTs with larger sample sizes and higher quality are needed to provide more convincing evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu QIN
- 1 the First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Chunai WANG
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jianjun XUE
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jie ZHANG
- 3 the First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiaoting LU
- 1 the First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shengshuang DING
- 1 the First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Long GE
- 4 Evidence-based Medicine Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Minzhen WANG
- 5 Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Wang N, Ma J, Ma Y, Lu L, Ma C, Qin P, Gao E, Zuo M, Yang J, Yang L. Electroacupuncture Pretreatment Mitigates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via XBP1/GRP78/Akt Pathway. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:629547. [PMID: 34195232 PMCID: PMC8236521 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.629547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is a common clinical problem and can result in severe cardiac dysfunction. Previous studies have demonstrated the protection of electroacupuncture against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the role of X-box binding protein I (XBP1) signaling pathway in the protection of electroacupuncture was still elusive. Thus, we designed this study and demonstrated that electroacupuncture significantly improved cardiac function during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and reduced cardiac infarct size. Electroacupuncture treatment further inhibited cardiac injury manifested by the decrease of the activities of serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB. The results also revealed that electroacupuncture elevated the expressions of XBP1, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), Akt, and Bcl-2 and decreased the Bax and cleaved Caspase 3 expressions. By using the inhibitor of XBP1 in vitro, the results revealed that suppression of XBP1 expression could markedly increase the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB and cell apoptosis, thus exacerbating stimulated ischemia/reperfusion-induced H9c2 cell injury. Compared with stimulated ischemia/reperfusion group, inhibition of XBP1 inhibited the downstream GRP78 and Akt expressions during stimulated ischemia/reperfusion injury. Collectively, our data demonstrated that electroacupuncture treatment activated XBP1/GRP78/Akt signaling to protect hearts from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. These findings revealed the underlying mechanisms of electroacupuncture protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and may provide novel therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jipeng Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Linhe Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mingzhang Zuo
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Mechanistic insight on the role of leukotriene receptors in ischemic-reperfusion injury. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1240-1254. [PMID: 33818747 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LT) are a class of inflammatory mediators produced by the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) enzyme from arachidonic acid (AA). We discussed the various LT inhibitors and downstream pathway modulators, such as Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK), Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/Akt), 5'-Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), Protein Kinase C (PKC), Nitric Oxide (NO), Bradykinin, Early Growth Response-1 (Egr-1), Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α), which in turn regulate various metabolic and physiological processes involving I/R injury. A systematic literature review of Bentham, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the nature and mechanistic interventions of the leukotriene receptor modulations in ischemic injury. In the pathophysiology of I/R injuries, LT has been found to play an important role. I/R injury affects most of the vital organs and is characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death, and apoptosis leading to morbidity and mortality. sThis present review focuses on the various LT receptors, i.e., CysLT, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4, involved in developing I/R injury in organs, such as the brain, spinal cord, heart, kidney, liver, and intestine.
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Hu S, Bae M, Park YK, Lee JY. n-3 PUFAs inhibit TGFβ1-induced profibrogenic gene expression by ameliorating the repression of PPARγ in hepatic stellate cells. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 85:108452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wang K, Ju Z, Chen C, Fan S, Pei L, Feng C, Wang F, Cui H, Zhou J. Cardioprotective effect of electroacupuncture in cardiopulmonary bypass through apelin/APJ signaling. Life Sci 2020; 242:117208. [PMID: 31870773 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim Acupuncture, particularly electroacupuncture (EA), can improve the clinical outcomes of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) patients; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects of EA pre-treatment on myocardial injury after CPB and investigate its potential mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to CPB and divided into Control (sham-operated), CPB, and EA (CPB + EA) groups. In the EA group, rats were treated with EA at the "PC6" acupoint for 30 min before being subjected to CPB. At 0.5, 1, and 2 h after CPB, the expression levels of plasma cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, TNFα, IL-1β, reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSH), and the ratio of GSH/GSSH in the myocardial tissue were measured. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining. The expression of cleaved caspase-3 was detected by immunofluorescence. The expression of apelin, APJ, AKT, p-Akt, ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 was determined using western blotting. KEY FINDINGS Decreased myocardial injury marker levels, myocardial apoptosis, oxidative stress, and the inflammatory response were found in the EA group compared with the CPB group. The expression levels of apelin, APJ, and p-Akt/AKT were increased in the EA group, and the p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 level was decreased. SIGNIFICANCE This study showed that EA pre-treatment can protect the heart from damage following CPB, which might be mainly mediated by restoring the apelin/APJ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Acupuncture Anesthesia Clinical Research Institute, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Ziyong Ju
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Changle Chen
- Shanghai Qigong Research Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shendong Fan
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lijuan Pei
- Acupuncture Anesthesia Clinical Research Institute, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Chenchen Feng
- Acupuncture Anesthesia Clinical Research Institute, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Fengjiao Wang
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huashun Cui
- Department of Acupuncture, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jia Zhou
- Acupuncture Anesthesia Clinical Research Institute, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
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Yong YX, Yang H, Lian J, Xu XW, Han K, Hu MY, Wang HC, Zhou LM. Up-regulated microRNA-199b-3p represses the apoptosis of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells in ischemic stroke through down-regulation of MAPK/ERK/EGR1 axis. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1868-1881. [PMID: 31204565 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1632133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key mediators of posttranscriptional gene silencing in both pathogenic and pathological aspects of ischemic stroke biology. Therefore, the purpose of present study was to explore the effect of microRNA-199b-3p (miR-199b-3p) on the cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) in middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO-R) mice by regulating MAPK/ERK/EGR1 axis. Mice were used to establish MCAO-R models and to measure the expression of miR-199b-3p and the MAPK/ERK/EGR1 axis-related genes. CMECs were extracted from the MCAO-R mice. A series of mimic or inhibitor for miR-199b-3p, or U0126 (an inhibitor for the MAPK/ERK/EGR1 axis) were introduced to treat these CMECs. The levels of miR-199b-3p and MAPK/ERK/EGR1 axis-related genes in tissues and cells were detected. The effects miR-199b-3p on the process of CMECs, including cell viability, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were evaluated. miR-199b-3p expressed poorly in the brain tissues after MCAO-R, along with activated MAPK/ERK/EGR1 axis and increased CMECs apoptosis. CMECs transfected with miR-199b-3p mimics and U0126 manifested with increased cell viability, more cells arrested at the S stage, and inhibited apoptosis of CMECs. In conclusion, these key results demonstrated up-regulated miR-199b-3p could protect mice against ischemic stroke by inhibiting the apoptosis of CMECs through blockade of MAPK/ERK/EGR1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiong Yong
- a Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , P. R. China.,b Department of Neurology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Shenzhen , P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- a Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , P. R. China.,c Institute of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , P.R. China.,d Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , P. R. China
| | - Jia Lian
- e Department of Neurology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Shenzhen , P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Xu
- b Department of Neurology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Shenzhen , P. R. China
| | - Ke Han
- b Department of Neurology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Shenzhen , P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yi Hu
- b Department of Neurology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Shenzhen , P. R. China
| | - Hua-Cheng Wang
- b Department of Neurology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Shenzhen , P. R. China
| | - Lie-Min Zhou
- b Department of Neurology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Shenzhen , P. R. China
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Feng M, Wang L, Chang S, Yuan P. Penehyclidine hydrochloride regulates mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis through p38MAPK and JNK signal pathways and provides cardioprotection in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:243-250. [PMID: 29860115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The potential mechanism of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury has not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to reveal whether mitochondrial dynamics, apoptosis, and MAPKs were involved in the cardioprotective effect of this drug on myocardial I/R injury. METHODS Ninety healthy adult male Wistar rats were separately pretreated with normal saline (0.9%); PHC; and signal pathway blockers of MAPKs, Drp1, and Bcl-2. Coronary artery ligation and subsequent reperfusion were performed to induce myocardial I/R injury. Echocardiography was performed. Myocardial enzymes and oxidative stress markers were detected. Myocardial cell apoptotic rates and infarct sizes were measured. Mitochondrial function was evaluated. Expression levels of MAPKs, mitochondria regulatory proteins (Drp1, Mfn1/2), and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax) were determined. RESULTS PHC pretreatment improved myocardial abnormalities (dysfunction, injury, infarct size, and apoptotic rate), mitochondrial abnormalities (dysfunction and fission), and excessive oxidative stress and inhibited the activities of p38MAPK and JNK signal pathways in rats with myocardial I/R injury (P < 0.05). Additionally, p38MAPK and JNK blockers (SB239063 and SP600125, respectively) had an effect on rats same as that of PHC. Although Drp1 blocker (Mdivi-1) showed a similar cardioprotective effect (P < 0.05), it did not affect the expression of MAPKs and apoptosis-related proteins (P > 0.05). In addition, Bcl-2 blocker (ABT-737) caused a high expression of Drp1 and a low expression of Mfn1/2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION PHC regulated mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis through p38MAPK and JNK signal pathways and provided cardioprotection in rats with myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China.
| | - Lirui Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Siyuan Chang
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Pu Yuan
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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Hwang AR, Nam JO, Kang YJ. Fluvastatin inhibits advanced glycation end products-induced proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting connective tissue growth factor. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29520172 PMCID: PMC5840078 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.2.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a novel fibrotic mediator, which is considered to mediate fibrosis through extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in diabetic cardiovascular complications. Statins have significant immunomodulatory effects and reduce vascular injury. We therefore examined whether fluvastatin has anti-fibrotic effects in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and elucidated its putative transduction signals. We show that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) stimulated CTGF mRNA and protein expression in a time-dependent manner. AGE-induced CTGF expression was mediated via ERK1/2, JNK, and Egr-1 pathways, but not p38; consequently, cell proliferation and migration and ECM accumulation were regulated by CTGF signaling pathway. AGE-stimulated VSMC proliferation, migration, and ECM accumulation were blocked by fluvastatin. However, the inhibitory effect of fluvastatin was restored by administration of CTGF recombinant protein. AGE-induced VSMC proliferation was dependent on cell cycle arrest, thereby increasing G1/G0 phase. Fluvastatin repressed cell cycle regulatory genes cyclin D1 and Cdk4 and augmented cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27 and p21 in AGE-induced VSMCs. Taken together, fluvastatin suppressed AGE-induced VSMC proliferation, migration, and ECM accumulation by targeting CTGF signaling mechanism. These findings might be evidence for CTGF as a potential therapeutic target in diabetic vasculature complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Rang Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea
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Arginine Vasopressin-Aquaporin-2 Pathway-Mediated Dehydration Effects of Electroacupuncture in Guinea Pig Model of AVP-Induced Eendolymphatic Hydrops. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 25:763-769. [PMID: 29335859 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on endolymphatic hydrops (EH) and the regulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP)-aquaporin-2 (AQP2) pathway in guinea pigs. METHODS EH was induced in male guinea pigs by an intraperitoneal injection of AVP. For the treatment, EA was delivered to Baihui (GV 20) and Tinggong (SI 19) acupoints, once per day for 10 consecutive days. In histomorphological studies, cochlear hydrops degree was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and then the ratio of scala media (SM) area to SM + scala vestibuli (SV) area (R value) was calculated. In mechanical studies, a comparison of plasma AVP (p-AVP) concentrations, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2R) and AQP2 mRNA expressions in the cochlea were compared among groups. RESULTS EA significantly reduced cochlear hydrops in guinea pigs (P=0.001). EA significantly attenuated the AVPinduced up-regulation of p-AVP concentrations (P=0.006), cochlear cAMP levels (P=0.003) and AQP2 mRNA expression (P=0.016), and up-regulated the expression of V2R mRNA (P=0.004) in the cochlea. CONCLUSIONS The dehydrating effect of EA might be associated with its inhibition of AVP-AQP2 pathway activation.
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Tang WC, Hsu YC, Wang CC, Hu CY, Chio CC, Kuo JR. Early electroacupuncture treatment ameliorates neuroinflammation in rats with traumatic brain injury. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:470. [PMID: 27852302 PMCID: PMC5112630 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation is the leading cause of neurological sequelae after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the neuroprotective effects of electroacupuncture (EA) are mediated by anti-neuroinflammatory effects in a rat model of TBI. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated, TBI control, and EA-treated. The animals in the sham-operated group underwent a sham operation, those in the TBI control group were subjected to TBI, but not EA, and those in the EA group were treated with EA for 60 min immediately after TBI, daily for 3 consecutive days. EA was applied at the acupuncture points GV20, GV26, LI4, and KI1, using a dense-dispersed wave, at frequencies of 0.2 and 1 Hz, and an amplitude of 1 mA. Cell infarction volume (TTC stain), neuronal apoptosis (markers: TUNEL and Caspase-3), activation of microglia (marker: Iba1) and astrocytes (marker: GFAP), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression in the microglia and astrocytes were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Functional outcomes were assessed using the inclined plane test. All tests were performed 72 h after TBI. Results We found that TBI-induced loss of grasp strength, infarction volume, neuronal apoptosis, microglial and astrocyte activation, and TNF-α expression in activated microglia and astrocytes were significantly attenuated by EA treatment. Conclusions Treatment of TBI in the acute stage with EA for 60 min daily for 3 days could ameliorate neuroinflammation. This may thus represent a mechanism by which functional recovery can occur after TBI.
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibits high-mobility group box 1 and attenuates cardiac dysfunction post-myocardial ischemia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:37-49. [PMID: 26498282 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) triggers and amplifies inflammation cascade following ischemic injury, and its elevated levels are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a key member of vasoprotective axis of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), regulates cardiovascular functions and exerts beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease. However, the association between HMGB1 and ACE2 has not been studied. We hypothesized that overexpression of ACE2 provides cardioprotective effects against MI via inhibiting HMGB1 and inflammation. ACE2 knock-in (KI) mice and littermate wild-type (WT) controls were subjected to either sham or coronary artery ligation surgery to induce MI. Heart function was assessed 4 weeks after surgery using echocardiography and Millar catheterization. Tissues were collected for histology and analysis of the expression of HMGB1, RAS components, and inflammatory cytokines. ACE2 in the heart of the ACE2 KI mice was 58-fold higher than WT controls. ACE2-MI mice exhibited a remarkable preservation of cardiac function and reduction of infarct size in comparison to WT-MI mice. Notably, ACE2 overexpression significantly reduced the MI-induced increase in apoptosis, macrophage infiltration, and HMGB1 and proinflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α and IL-6). Moreover, in an in vitro study, ACE2 activation prevented the hypoxia-induced cell death and upregulation of HMGB1 in adult cardiomyocytes. This protective effect is correlated with downregulation of HMGB1 and downstream proinflammatory cascades, which could be useful for the development of novel treatment for ischemic heart disease.
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Vagal modulation of high mobility group box-1 protein mediates electroacupuncture-induced cardioprotection in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15503. [PMID: 26499847 PMCID: PMC4620449 DOI: 10.1038/srep15503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive release of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein from ischemic cardiomyocytes activates inflammatory cascades and enhances myocardial injury after reperfusion. Here we report evidence that electroacupuncture of mice at Neiguan acupoints can inhibit the up-regulation of cardiac HMGB1 following myocardial ischemia and attenuate the associated inflammatory responses and myocardial injury during reperfusion. These benefits of electroacupuncture were partially reversed by administering recombinant HMGB1 to the mice, and further potentiated by administering anti-HMGB1 antibody. Electroacupuncture-induced inhibition of HMGB1 release was markedly reduced by unilateral vagotomy or administration of nicotinic receptor antagonist, but not by chemical sympathectomy. The cholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine mimicked the effects of electroacupuncture on HMGB1 release and myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Culture experiments with isolated neonatal cardiomyocytes showed that acetylcholine, but not noradrenaline, inhibited hypoxia-induced release of HMGB1 via a α7nAchR-dependent pathway. These results suggest that electroacupuncture acts via the vagal nerve and its nicotinic receptor-mediated signaling to inhibit HMGB1 release from ischemic cardiomyocytes. This helps attenuate pro-inflammatory responses and myocardial injury during reperfusion.
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