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Divya PM, Roopa BS, Manusha C, Balannara P. A concise review on oil extraction methods, nutritional and therapeutic role of coconut products. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:441-452. [PMID: 36712217 PMCID: PMC9873890 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The coconut palm belongs to the Arecaceae family, which is distinct from other fruits, known for its versatility. Fresh coconut products are valuable for many food preparations owing to their nutritional and flavour properties. For example, tender coconut yields coconut water, a refreshing nutritious drink that provides good nutrients including electrolytes and other interesting compounds. The mature coconut meat which is rich in fat and protein, aids in coconut milk extraction and is a major component in the wet and dry process of oil extraction. Coconut milk has market potential owing to its increasing applications in food and beverage industries. Coconut is also known for its by-product namely coconut flour, which is rich in protein and dietary fiber, could be used in the preparation of functional foods. The different methods involved in the oil extraction process which helps in more efficient oil recovery were discussed briefly. The nutritional health-promoting functional role of coconut water and virgin coconut oil is highlighted in review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Divya
- Department of Traditional Food and Sensory Science, CSIR—Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020 Karnataka India
| | - B. S. Roopa
- Department of Traditional Food and Sensory Science, CSIR—Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020 Karnataka India
| | - C. Manusha
- Department of Traditional Food and Sensory Science, CSIR—Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020 Karnataka India
| | - Prema Balannara
- Department of Traditional Food and Sensory Science, CSIR—Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020 Karnataka India
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Barberis E, Amede E, Tavecchia M, Marengo E, Cittone MG, Rizzi E, Pedrinelli AR, Tonello S, Minisini R, Pirisi M, Manfredi M, Sainaghi PP. Understanding protection from SARS-CoV-2 using metabolomics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13796. [PMID: 34226622 PMCID: PMC8257707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is still raging in most countries. Although the recent mass vaccination campaign has opened a new chapter in the battle against SARS-CoV-2, the world is still far from herd immunity. There is an urgent need to identify healthy people at high risk of contracting COVID-19, as well as supplements and nutraceuticals that can reduce the risk of infection or mitigate symptoms. In the present study, a metabolic phenotype that could protect individuals from SARS-CoV-2 infection or predispose them to developing COVID-19 was investigated. Untargeted metabolomics was performed on serum samples collected from 51 healthcare workers who were in good health at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy, and who were later exposed to the same risk of developing COVID-19. Half of them developed COVID-19 within three weeks of the blood collection. Our results demonstrate the presence of a specific signature associated with protection from SARS-CoV-2. Circulating monolaurin, which has well-known antiviral and antibacterial properties, was higher in protected subjects, suggesting a potential defensive role against SARS-CoV-2 infection; thus, dietary supplements could boost the immune system against this infection. In addition, our data demonstrate that people with higher levels of cholesterol are at higher risk of developing COVID-19. The present study demonstrates that metabolomics can be of great help for developing personalized medicine and for supporting public healthcare strategies. Studies with larger cohorts of subjects are necessary to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elettra Barberis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Elia Amede
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Matteo Tavecchia
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Micol G Cittone
- Internal and Emergency Medicine Departments, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Maggiore Della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rizzi
- Internal and Emergency Medicine Departments, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Maggiore Della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Anita R Pedrinelli
- Internal and Emergency Medicine Departments, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Maggiore Della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Stelvio Tonello
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Internal and Emergency Medicine Departments, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Maggiore Della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
| | - Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Internal and Emergency Medicine Departments, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Maggiore Della Carità", Novara, Italy
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Deen A, Visvanathan R, Wickramarachchi D, Marikkar N, Nammi S, Jayawardana BC, Liyanage R. Chemical composition and health benefits of coconut oil: an overview. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2182-2193. [PMID: 33022082 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Coconut oil is an integral part of Sri Lankan and many South Asian diets. Initially, coconut oil was classified along with saturated fatty acid food items and criticized for its negative impact on health. However, research studies have shown that coconut oil is a rich source of medium-chain fatty acids. Thus, this has opened new prospects for its use in many fields. Beyond its usage in cooking, coconut oil has attracted attention due to its hypocholesterolemic, anticancer, antihepatosteatotic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and skin moisturizing properties. Despite all the health benefits, consumption of coconut oil is still underrated due to a lack of supportive scientific evidence. Even though studies done in Asian countries claim a favorable impact on cardiac health and serum lipid profile, the limitations in the number of studies conducted among Western countries impede the endorsement of the real value of coconut oil. Hence, long-term extensive studies with proper methodologies are suggested to clear all the controversies and misconceptions of coconut oil consumption. This review discusses the composition and functional properties of coconut oils extracted using various processing methods. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afka Deen
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Rizliya Visvanathan
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Nazrim Marikkar
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Sirinivas Nammi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barana C Jayawardana
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Ruvini Liyanage
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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Ogedengbe OO, Naidu ECS, Akang EN, Offor U, Onanuga IO, Peter AI, Jegede AI, Azu OO. Virgin coconut oil extract mitigates testicular-induced toxicity of alcohol use in antiretroviral therapy. Andrology 2018; 6:616-626. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. O. Ogedengbe
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
- Department of Anatomy; College of Medicine and Health Sciences; Afe Babalola University; Ado Ekiti Nigeria
| | - E. C. S. Naidu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - E. N. Akang
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - U. Offor
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - I. O. Onanuga
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - A. I. Peter
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - A. I. Jegede
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - O. O. Azu
- Discipline of Clinical Anatomy; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine; University of Kwazulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
- Department of Anatomy; School of Medicine; University of Namibia; Windhoek Namibia
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