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Alimoradi H, Thomas A, Lyth DDB, Barzegar-Fallah A, Matikonda SS, Gamble AB, Giles GI. SMA-BmobaSNO: an intelligent photoresponsive nitric oxide releasing polymer for drug nanoencapsulation and targeted delivery. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:195101. [PMID: 35078165 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4eb0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important biological signalling molecule that acts to vasodilate blood vessels and change the permeability of the blood vessel wall. Due to these cardiovascular actions, co-administering NO with a therapeutic could enhance drug uptake. However current NO donors are not suitable for targeted drug delivery as they systemically release NO. To overcome this limitation we report the development of a smart polymer, SMA-BmobaSNO, designed to release NO in response to a photostimulus. The polymer's NO releasing functionality is an S-nitrosothiol group that, at 10 mg ml-1, is highly resistant to both thermal (t1/216 d) and metabolic (t1/232 h) decomposition, but rapidly brakes down under photoactivation (2700 W m-2, halogen source) to release NO (t1/225 min). Photoresponsive NO release from SMA-BmobaSNO was confirmed in a cardiovascular preparation, where irradiation resulted in a 12-fold decrease in vasorelaxation EC50(from 5.2μM to 420 nM). To demonstrate the polymer's utility for drug delivery we then used SMA-BmobaSNO to fabricate a nanoparticle containing the probe Nile Red (NR). The resulting SMA-BmobaSNO-NR nanoparticle exhibited spherical morphology (180 nm diameter) and sustained NR release (≈20% over 5 d). Targeted delivery was characterised in an abdominal preparation, where photoactivation (450 W m-2) caused localized increases in vasodilation and blood vessel permeability, resulting in a 3-fold increase in NR uptake into photoactivated tissue. Nanoparticles fabricated from SMA-BmobaSNO therefore display highly photoresponsive NO release and can apply the Trojan Horse paradigm by using endogenous NO signalling pathways to smuggle a therapeutic cargo into target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Alimoradi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ansa Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Daniel D B Lyth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Allan B Gamble
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gregory I Giles
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Roy SM, Garg V, Barman S, Ghosh C, Maity AR, Ghosh SK. Kinetics of Nanomedicine in Tumor Spheroid as an In Vitro Model System for Efficient Tumor-Targeted Drug Delivery With Insights From Mathematical Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:785937. [PMID: 34926430 PMCID: PMC8671936 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.785937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous strategies have been developed to treat cancer conventionally. Most importantly, chemotherapy shows its huge promise as a better treatment modality over others. Nonetheless, the very complex behavior of the tumor microenvironment frequently impedes successful drug delivery to the tumor sites that further demands very urgent and effective distribution mechanisms of anticancer drugs specifically to the tumor sites. Hence, targeted drug delivery to tumor sites has become a major challenge to the scientific community for cancer therapy by assuring drug effects to selective tumor tissue and overcoming undesired toxic side effects to the normal tissues. The application of nanotechnology to the drug delivery system pays heed to the design of nanomedicine for specific cell distribution. Aiming to limit the use of traditional strategies, the adequacy of drug-loaded nanocarriers (i.e., nanomedicine) proves worthwhile. After systemic blood circulation, a typical nanomedicine follows three levels of disposition to tumor cells in order to exhibit efficient pharmacological effects induced by the drug candidates residing within it. As a result, nanomedicine propounds the assurance towards the improved bioavailability of anticancer drug candidates, increased dose responses, and enhanced targeted efficiency towards delivery and distribution of effective therapeutic concentration, limiting toxic concentration. These aspects emanate the proficiency of drug delivery mechanisms. Understanding the potential tumor targeting barriers and limiting conditions for nanomedicine extravasation, tumor penetration, and final accumulation of the anticancer drug to tumor mass, experiments with in vivo animal models for nanomedicine screening are a key step before it reaches clinical translation. Although the study with animals is undoubtedly valuable, it has many associated ethical issues. Moreover, individual experiments are very expensive and take a longer time to conclude. To overcome these issues, nowadays, multicellular tumor spheroids are considered a promising in vitro model system that proposes better replication of in vivo tumor properties for the future development of new therapeutics. In this review, we will discuss how tumor spheroids could be used as an in vitro model system to screen nanomedicine used in targeted drug delivery, aiming for better therapeutic benefits. In addition, the recent proliferation of mathematical modeling approaches gives profound insight into the underlying physical principles and produces quantitative predictions. The hierarchical tumor structure is already well decorous to be treated mathematically. To study targeted drug delivery, mathematical modeling of tumor architecture, its growth, and the concentration gradient of oxygen are the points of prime focus. Not only are the quantitative models circumscribed to the spheroid, but also the role of modeling for the nanoparticle is equally inevitable. Abundant mathematical models have been set in motion for more elaborative and meticulous designing of nanomedicine, addressing the question regarding the objective of nanoparticle delivery to increase the concentration and the augmentative exposure of the therapeutic drug molecule to the core. Thus, to diffuse the dichotomy among the chemistry involved, biological data, and the underlying physics, the mathematical models play an indispensable role in assisting the experimentalist with further evaluation by providing the admissible quantitative approach that can be validated. This review will provide an overview of the targeted drug delivery mechanism for spheroid, using nanomedicine as an advantageous tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vrinda Garg
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
| | - Sourav Barman
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, India
| | - Chitrita Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, Burdwan, India
| | | | - Surya K. Ghosh
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
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Giron F, Pastó A, Tasciotti E, Abraham BP. Nanotechnology in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1871-1880. [PMID: 31560054 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the lack of cure for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and failure of current medical therapies in many patients with IBD, a need exists in finding novel ways to treat inflammation with a high benefit and the lowest risk possible. With current medical therapies, adverse events or risks of cancer/lymphoma and infections prevent patients-and sometimes providers-in using effective therapies for treatment. Some patients develop systemic side effects that preclude them from continuing a therapy that may have been efficacious, or in other cases, current medical therapies are not adequate to control disease. Nanotechnology is an emerging field where particles, in the size of nanometers, can be used to deliver medications directly to the area of inflammation thus avoiding drug-associated systemic side effects. When using nanoparticles (NPs), only a small amount of the drug is needed, and it can be delivered directly to the inflamed site without exposure to the rest of the body. Here we review conventional and unconventional therapies applied in the treatment of IBD underlying how the introduction of NPs has improved their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Giron
- Universidad Católica de Honduras, San Pedro Sula, Honduras
| | - Anna Pastó
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Bincy P Abraham
- Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.,Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
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Greish K, Nehoff H, Bahman F, Pritchard T, Taurin S. Raloxifene nano-micelles effect on triple-negative breast cancer is mediated through estrogen receptor-β and epidermal growth factor receptor. J Drug Target 2019; 27:903-916. [PMID: 30615483 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1566341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that differs in progression, recurrence, and prognosis from other forms of breast cancer. The heterogeneity of TNBC has remained a challenge as no targeted therapy is currently available. Previously, we and others have demonstrated that raloxifene, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, was also acting independently of the oestrogen receptor-α. However, raloxifene is characterised by a low bioavailability in vivo. Thus, we encapsulated raloxifene into a styrene-maleic acid (SMA) micelle to improve its pharmacokinetics. The micellar raloxifene had higher cytotoxicity when compared to the free formulation, promoted a higher cellular uptake and affected critical signalling pathways. Furthermore, SMA-raloxifene reduced TNBC tumour growth more efficiently than free raloxifene. Finally, we showed that this effect was partially mediated through oestrogen receptor-β. In conclusion, we have provided new insight into the role of raloxifene nanoformulation in improving the management of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Greish
- a Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit , College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine and Inherited Disorders, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain.,b Department of Oncology , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Hayley Nehoff
- c Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Fatemah Bahman
- a Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit , College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine and Inherited Disorders, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Tara Pritchard
- d Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Sebastien Taurin
- a Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit , College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine and Inherited Disorders, Arabian Gulf University , Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain
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Nasehi N, Varshosaz J, Taymouri S, Rostami M, Akbari V, Firoozpour L. Sorafenib loaded pluronic F127-lithocholic acid micelles for prostate cancer therapy: Formulation, optimization, and in vitro evaluation against LNCaP cells. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1552860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noha Nasehi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Taymouri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Rostami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Loghman Firoozpour
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alimoradi H, Barzegar-Fallah A, Sammut IA, Greish K, Giles GI. Encapsulation of tDodSNO generates a photoactivated nitric oxide releasing nanoparticle for localized control of vasodilation and vascular hyperpermeability. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:297-305. [PMID: 30367997 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of a photoactive nitric oxide (NO) releasing nanoparticle (NP) by encapsulation of the NO donor tert-dodecane S-nitrosothiol (tDodSNO) into a co-polymer of styrene and maleic anhydride (SMA) to afford SMA-tDodSNO. Encapsulation did not affect tDodSNO's stability or NO release profile, but imparted water solubility and protection from degradation reactions with glutathione. Under photoactivation the NP acted as a potent NO donor, with photoactivation acting as a switch to induce localized vasodilation in aortic rings (EC50* 660 nM at 2700 W/m2) and cause vascular hyperpermeability in mesenteric beds (8-fold increase in dye uptake at 1 µM SMA-tDodSNO with 460 W/m2 photoactivation). The NP was markedly superior as a photoactive NO donor in comparison to the S-nitrosothiols GSNO and SNAP, which are commonly used in experimental studies, as well as sodium nitroprusside, a clinically used vasodilator. Future development of this NP may find wide ranging therapeutic applications for treating cardiovascular disease and other disorders related to NO signaling, as well as enhancing macromolecular drug delivery to target organs through selective hyperpermeability. Supporting information describing the biophysical characterization of SMA-tDodSNO is supplied in an accompanying Data in Brief article (Alimoradi et al., doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.149).
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Alimoradi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anita Barzegar-Fallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ivan A Sammut
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Khaled Greish
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, Nanomedicine Unit, Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine and Inherited Disorders, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Gregory I Giles
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Greish K, Taha S, Jasim A, Elghany SA, Sultan A, AlKhateeb A, Othman M, Jun F, Taurin S, Bakhiet M. Styrene maleic acid encapsulated raloxifene micelles for management of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:28. [PMID: 28770521 PMCID: PMC5540747 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of disorders that manifest through chronic inflammation of the colon and small intestine. Although the exact cause of IBD is still unclear, dysfunctional immunoregulation involving overproduction of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, and IL-6 have been implicated in pathogenesis. Current therapy relies on immunosuppression, cytotoxic drugs, and monoclonal antibodies against TNF-α. These classes of drugs have severe side-effects, especially when used for long duration. Our previous work with raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has shown that the drug, and to a greater extent its micellar formulation, has a significant suppressive effect on NF-κB, an essential immune-regulator. This finding directed the current work towards testing the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of raloxifene using cell lines, as well as testing the potential use of the styrene maleic acid (SMA) micelles loaded with raloxifene (SMA-Ral) against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in an in vivo model of IBD. Results Treatment of MCF-7 cells with TNF-α was shown to protect the cells from the cytotoxic effect of raloxifene (42 vs. 10% cell death, with TNF-α. Treating CaCo-2 cells with both free and SMA-Ral improved cell survival after exposure to 2% DDS with significantly higher protection with SMA-Ral. Treatment of U-937 with SMA-Ral and free-Ral resulted in down-regulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MIP1α, with greater inhibition of the SMA-Ral, compared to free Ral. Balb/c mice treated with raloxifene and SMA-Ral showed weight gain at 14 days, compared to the control group (122, and 115% respectively). Treatment with raloxifene prevented DSS-induced diarrhea in 6/6 of free raloxifene treated mice and in 5/6 mice treated with SMA-Ral. Control group of DSS-treated mice showed average colon length of 7.4 cm compared to 13 cm in the control group. The average colon length was 12.3 and 11.5 cm for raloxifene and SMA-Ral treated groups, respectively. Furthermore, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced in serum of animals treated with free-Ral and SMA-Ral. Conclusions Raloxifene and its micellar formulation warrants further studies to understand their effect on the treatment of colitis.SMA-Raloxifene preparation and its in vivo and in vitro effect on colitis ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Greish
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain.
| | - Safa Taha
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Anfal Jasim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Sara Abd Elghany
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ameera Sultan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ali AlKhateeb
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Manal Othman
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Fang Jun
- Department of Pharmacology and Oncology, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sebastien Taurin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Moiz Bakhiet
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Parayath NN, Nehoff H, Norton SE, Highton AJ, Taurin S, Kemp RA, Greish K. Styrene maleic acid-encapsulated paclitaxel micelles: antitumor activity and toxicity studies following oral administration in a murine orthotopic colon cancer model. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3979-91. [PMID: 27574427 PMCID: PMC4993259 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s110251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of paclitaxel (PTX), a broad spectrum anticancer agent, is challenged by its low uptake due to its poor bioavailability, efflux through P-glycoprotein, and gastrointestinal toxicity. We synthesized PTX nanomicelles using poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) (SMA). Oral administration of SMA-PTX micelles doubled the maximum tolerated dose (60 mg/kg vs 30 mg/kg) compared to the commercially available PTX formulation (PTX [Ebewe]). In a murine orthotopic colon cancer model, oral administration of SMA-PTX micelles at doses 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg reduced tumor weight by 54% and 69%, respectively, as compared to the control group, while no significant reduction in tumor weight was observed with 30 mg/kg of PTX (Ebewe). In addition, toxicity of PTX was largely reduced by its encapsulation into SMA. Furthermore, examination of the tumors demonstrated a decrease in the number of blood vessels. Thus, oral delivery of SMA-PTX micelles may provide a safe and effective strategy for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel E Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Highton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sebastien Taurin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Roslyn A Kemp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Khaled Greish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Yang HT, Ju JH, Wong YT, Shmulevich I, Chiang JH. Literature-based discovery of new candidates for drug repurposing. Brief Bioinform 2016; 18:488-497. [DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lakshmanan VK. Therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines for prostate cancer: An update. Investig Clin Urol 2016; 57:21-9. [PMID: 26966723 PMCID: PMC4778751 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2016.57.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer nanomedicine have attracted remarkable attention in medical sectors. Pharmacologic research on nanomedicines, including targeted cancer therapy, has increased dramatically in the past 5 years. The success stories of nanomedicines in the clinical field include the fabrication of nanomedicines that show maximum loading efficiency into carriers, maximal release kinetics, and minimum toxicity to healthy cells. Nanoparticle-mediated medicines have been developed to specifically target prostate cancer tissue by use of aptamers, antibody targeting, and sustained release of nanomedicines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Nanomedicines have been developed for therapeutic application in combination with image-guided therapy in real time. The scope of one of these nanomedicines, Abraxane (paclitaxel), may be extended to prostate cancer therapeutic applications for better quality of patient life and longer survival. This review provides an update on the latest directions and developments in nanomedicines for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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12
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Archibald M, Pritchard T, Nehoff H, Rosengren RJ, Greish K, Taurin S. A combination of sorafenib and nilotinib reduces the growth of castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:179-200. [PMID: 26811677 PMCID: PMC4712974 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s97286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains incurable due to the lack of effective therapies. Several tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the development and growth of CRPC, as such targeting these kinases may offer an alternative therapeutic strategy. We established the combination of two tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), sorafenib and nilotinib, as the most cytotoxic. In addtion, to improve their bioavailability and reduce their metabolism, we encapsulated sorafenib and nilotinib into styrene-co-maleic acid micelles. The micelles' charge, size, and release rate were characterized. We assessed the effect of the combination on the cytotoxicity, cell cycle, apoptosis, protein expression, tumor spheroid integrity, migration, and invasion. The micelles exhibited a mean diameter of 100 nm, a neutral charge, and appeared highly stable. The micellar TKIs promoted greater cytotoxicity, decreased cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis relative to the free TKIs. In addition, the combination reduced the expression and activity of several tyrosine kinases and reduced tumor spheroid integrity and metastatic potential of CRPC cell lines more efficiently than the single treatments. The combination increased the therapeutic potential and demonstrated the relevance of a targeted combination therapy for the treatment of CRPC. In addition, the efficacy of the encapsulated drugs provides the basis for an in vivo preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Archibald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tara Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hayley Nehoff
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rhonda J Rosengren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Khaled Greish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Aljawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Sebastien Taurin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Pritchard T, Rosengren RJ, Greish K, Taurin S. Raloxifene nanomicelles reduce the growth of castrate-resistant prostate cancer. J Drug Target 2015; 24:441-9. [PMID: 26373825 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1086360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients are characterised by a 5-year relative survival rate of ∼25-33%. Recently, our laboratory encapsulated a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, raloxifene, into poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) (SMA-raloxifene), which demonstrated superior in vitro cytotoxicity compared with free drug against several CRPC cell lines. PURPOSE To validate SMA-raloxifene for the management of CRPC using a mouse xenograft model. METHODS The internalisation and retention of micellar and free raloxifene in vitro were measured by HPLC. A PC3-CRPC xenograft model was used to compare the biodistribution of both raloxifene formulations, as well as their effect on tumour progression where mice received free raloxifene (1 or 5 mg/kg, i.v.) or SMA-raloxifene (1 mg/kg, i.v.) weekly for 4 weeks. RESULTS SMA-raloxifene exhibited 75% higher intracellular content compared to free drug after 48 h in PC3 cells. Biodistribution of raloxifene was 69% higher in tumours following SMA-raloxifene compared with free raloxifene. Weekly administration of 1 mg/kg free raloxifene reduced tumour progression by 20% after 4 weeks, whereas 1 mg/kg SMA-raloxifene and 5 mg/kg free raloxifene reduced progression by 40%. CONCLUSION Encapsulation of raloxifene increased its therapeutic potential for the management of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Pritchard
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Rhonda J Rosengren
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Khaled Greish
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Sebastien Taurin
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
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14
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Shin EA, Sohn EJ, Won G, Choi JU, Jeong M, Kim B, Kim MJ, Kim SH. Upregulation of microRNA135a-3p and death receptor 5 plays a critical role in Tanshinone I sensitized prostate cancer cells to TRAIL induced apoptosis. Oncotarget 2014; 5:5624-36. [PMID: 25015549 PMCID: PMC4170628 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Though tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been used as a potent anticancer agent, TRAIL resistance is a hot-issue in cancer therapy. We investigated the antitumor mechanism of Tanshinone I to sensitize prostate cancer cells to TRAIL. Comibination of Tanshinone I and TRAIL exerted synergistic cytotoxicity, increased cleaved PARP, sub G1 population, the number of TUNELpositive cells, activated caspase 8, 9 and ROS production in PC-3 and DU145 cells. Of note, combination of Tanshinone I and TRAIL enhanced the protein expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) and attenuated anti-apoptotic proteins. RT-PCR and RT-qPCR analyses confirmed that co-treatment of Tanshinone I and TRAIL up-regulated DR5 and microRNA 135a-3p at mRNA level or activity of DR5 promoter and attenuated phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinases in PC-3. Conversely, the silencing of DR5 blocked the increased cytotoxicity, sub G1 population and PARP cleavages induced by co-treatment of Tanshinone I and TRAIL. Interestingly, miR135a-3p mimic enhanced DR5 at mRNA, increased PARP cleavage, Bax and the number of TUNEL positive cells in Tanshinone I and TRAIL cotreated PC-3. Overall, our findings suggest that Tanshinone I enhances TRAIL mediated apoptosis via upregulation of miR135a-3p mediated DR5 in prostate cancer cells as a potent TRAIL sensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ah Shin
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Sohn
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gunho Won
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Un Choi
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myongsuk Jeong
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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