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Li C, Szeto CC. Urinary podocyte markers in diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2024; 43:274-286. [PMID: 38325865 PMCID: PMC11181047 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.23.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are involved in maintaining kidney function and are a major focus of research on diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Urinary biomarkers derived from podocyte fragments and molecules have been proposed for the diagnosis and monitoring of DKD. Various methods have been used to detect intact podocytes and podocyte-derived microvesicles in urine, including centrifugation, visualization, and molecular quantification. Quantification of podocyte-specific protein targets and messenger RNA levels can be performed by Western blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. At present, many of these techniques are expensive and labor-intensive, all limiting their widespread use in routine clinical tests. While the potential of urinary podocyte markers for monitoring and risk stratification of DKD has been explored, systematic studies and external validation are lacking in the current literature. Standardization and automation of laboratory methods should be a priority for future research, and the added value of these methods to routine clinical tests should be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlei Li
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Carol & Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Cherry AD, Chu CP, Cianciolo RE, Hokamp JA, Jacobson SA, Nabity MB. MicroRNA-126 in dogs with immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:216-227. [PMID: 38116844 PMCID: PMC10800198 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most proteinuric dogs with naturally occurring chronic kidney disease have amyloidosis (AMYL), glomerulosclerosis (GS), or immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis (ICGN), each with different treatment and prognosis. A noninvasive and disease-specific biomarker is lacking. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that the expression pattern of biofluid microRNA (miRNAs and miRs) would correlate with disease progression and categorization. ANIMALS Archived serum and urine samples from 18 dogs with glomerular disease and 6 clinically healthy dogs; archived urine samples from 49 dogs with glomerular disease and 13 clinically healthy dogs. METHODS Retrospective study. Archived biofluid samples from adult dogs with biopsy-confirmed glomerular disease submitted to the International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service between 2008 and 2016 were selected. Serum and urinary miRNAs were isolated and profiled using RNA sequencing. Urinary miR-126, miR-21, miR-182, and miR-486 were quantified using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS When comparing more advanced disease with earlier disease, no serum miRNAs were differentially expressed, but urinary miR-21 and miR-182 were 1.63 (95% CI: .86-3.1) and 1.45 (95% CI: .82-2.6) times higher in azotemic dogs, respectively (adjusted P < .05) and weakly correlated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis (miR-21: r = .32, P = .03; miR-182: r = .28, P = .05). Expression of urinary miR-126 was 10.5 (95% CI: 4.1-26.7), 28.9 (95% CI: 10.5-79.8), and 126.2 (95% CI: 44.7-356.3) times higher in dogs with ICGN compared with dogs with GS, AMYL, and healthy controls, respectively (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The miR-126 could help identify dogs that might benefit from immunosuppressive therapy in the absence of a biopsy. MiR-21 and miR-182 are potential markers of disease severity and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana D. Cherry
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Candice P. Chu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Rachel E. Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Present address:
Niche Diagnostics, LLCColumbusOhioUSA
- Present address:
Zoetis Inc.ColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Jessica A. Hokamp
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Sarah A. Jacobson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Mary B. Nabity
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
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3
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Jiang Q, Yang T, Zou Y, He M, Li Q, Chen X, Zhong A. LncRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA mediates hyperglycemic-induced injury in the renal tubular epithelial cell via the miR-126-5pAkt axis. Aging Med (Milton) 2023; 6:427-434. [PMID: 38239710 PMCID: PMC10792317 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the involvement of HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) in the injury of renal tubular epithelial cells induced by high glucose. Results: In high glucose-induced HK-2 cells, the expression of HOTAIR was upregulated, resulting in suppressed cell proliferation. Meanwhile, HOTAIR upregulates the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3, while downregulating the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that HOTAIR could target miR-126-5p. Additionally, it was found that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway serves as a downstream target of miR-126-5p. Knockdown of HOTAIR relieved apoptosis, whereas further inhibition of miR-126-5p led to apoptosis in HK-2 cells. Conclusions: HOTAIR plays a regulatory role in mediating high glucose-induced injuries in HK-2 cells, specifically affecting apoptosis and cell viability, via the miR-126-5p/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Jiang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologyJiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangChina
| | - Ting Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologyJiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangChina
| | - Yan Zou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologyJiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangChina
| | - Mingjie He
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologyJiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangChina
| | - Qingchun Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologyJiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangChina
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologyJiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangChina
| | - Aimin Zhong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologyJiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeNanchangChina
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4
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Barreiro K, Dwivedi OP, Rannikko A, Holthöfer H, Tuomi T, Groop PH, Puhka M. Capturing the Kidney Transcriptome by Urinary Extracellular Vesicles-From Pre-Analytical Obstacles to Biomarker Research. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1415. [PMID: 37510317 PMCID: PMC10379145 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEV) hold non-invasive RNA biomarkers for genitourinary tract diseases. However, missing knowledge about reference genes and effects of preanalytical choices hinder biomarker studies. We aimed to assess how preanalytical variables (urine storage temperature, isolation workflow) affect diabetic kidney disease (DKD)-linked miRNAs or kidney-linked miRNAs and mRNAs (kidney-RNAs) in uEV isolates and to discover stable reference mRNAs across diverse uEV datasets. We studied nine raw and normalized sequencing datasets including healthy controls and individuals with prostate cancer or type 1 diabetes with or without albuminuria. We focused on kidney-RNAs reviewing literature for DKD-linked miRNAs from kidney tissue, cell culture and uEV/urine experiments. RNAs were analyzed by expression heatmaps, hierarchical clustering and selecting stable mRNAs with normalized counts (>200) and minimal coefficient of variation. Kidney-RNAs were decreased after urine storage at -20 °C vs. -80 °C. Isolation workflows captured kidney-RNAs with different efficiencies. Ultracentrifugation captured DKD -linked miRNAs that separated healthy and diabetic macroalbuminuria groups. Eleven mRNAs were stably expressed across the datasets. Hence, pre-analytical choices had variable effects on kidney-RNAs-analyzing kidney-RNAs complemented global correlation, which could fade differences in some relevant RNAs. Replicating prior DKD-marker results and discovery of candidate reference mRNAs encourages further uEV biomarker studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barreiro
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, EV and HiPREP Core, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Om Prakash Dwivedi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Rannikko
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Urology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harry Holthöfer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Maija Puhka
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, EV and HiPREP Core, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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5
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González-Palomo AK, Pérez-Vázquez FJ, Méndez-Rodríguez KB, Ilizaliturri-Hernández CA, Cardona-Alvarado MI, Flores-Nicasio MV, Kornhauser C, Malacara JM, Figueroa-Vega N. Profile of urinary exosomal microRNAs and their contribution to Diabetic Kidney Disease through a predictive classification model. Nephrology (Carlton) 2022; 27:484-493. [PMID: 35289974 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a main complication of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exosomal microRNAs (exomiRs) participate in numerous early events in kidney injury regulating progression to DKD. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of exomiRs-126, 146 and 155 in urinary exosomes of patients with T2D and diabetic kidney disease to establish a predictive classification model with exomiRs and clinical variables in order to determine their contribution to DKD. METHODS The study group included 92 subjects: 64 patients diagnosed with T2DM subclassified into 2 groups with albuminuria (T2DM with albuminuria, n = 30) and without albuminuria (TD2M, n = 34) as well as 28 healthy, non-diabetic participants. Exosomes were isolated from urine and identified by TEM and flow cytometry. Profile expression of exomiRs-126, -146 and - 155 was evaluated by RT-qPCR. Data were analyzed by Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA), similarity percentage (SIMPER), principal coordinate analysis (PCO) and Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates (CAP). RESULTS T2DM patients with and without albuminuria showed higher levels of miR-155 and miR-146 compared to controls. In addition, T2DM patients with albuminuria presented a significant increase in miR-126 contrasted to controls and patients without albuminuria. PCO analysis explained 34.6% of the total variability of the data (PERMANOVA; P <0.0001). Subsequently, SIMPER analysis showed that miR-146, miR-155, and miR-126 together, with some clinical parameters, contributed to 50% of the between-group significance. Finally, the CAP analysis developed showed a correct classification of 89.01% with the analyzed parameters. CONCLUSIONS A platform using a combination of clinical variables and exomiRs could be used to to classify individuals with T2D as risk for developing DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K González-Palomo
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Léon, 20 de Enero No. 929, Colonia Obregón, C.P., 37320, León, Gto., Mexico.,Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Col. Lomas 2da. Sección C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - F J Pérez-Vázquez
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Col. Lomas 2da. Sección C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.,CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Col. Lomas 2da. Sección, C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - K B Méndez-Rodríguez
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Col. Lomas 2da. Sección C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - C A Ilizaliturri-Hernández
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Col. Lomas 2da. Sección C.P. 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - M I Cardona-Alvarado
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Léon, 20 de Enero No. 929, Colonia Obregón, C.P., 37320, León, Gto., Mexico
| | - M V Flores-Nicasio
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Léon, 20 de Enero No. 929, Colonia Obregón, C.P., 37320, León, Gto., Mexico
| | - C Kornhauser
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Léon, 20 de Enero No. 929, Colonia Obregón, C.P., 37320, León, Gto., Mexico
| | - J M Malacara
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Léon, 20 de Enero No. 929, Colonia Obregón, C.P., 37320, León, Gto., Mexico
| | - N Figueroa-Vega
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Léon, 20 de Enero No. 929, Colonia Obregón, C.P., 37320, León, Gto., Mexico
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6
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Padilla-Martinez F, Wojciechowska G, Szczerbinski L, Kretowski A. Circulating Nucleic Acid-Based Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010295. [PMID: 35008723 PMCID: PMC8745431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a deficiency in how the body regulates glucose. Uncontrolled T2D will result in chronic high blood sugar levels, eventually resulting in T2D complications. These complications, such as kidney, eye, and nerve damage, are even harder to treat. Identifying individuals at high risk of developing T2D and its complications is essential for early prevention and treatment. Numerous studies have been done to identify biomarkers for T2D diagnosis and prognosis. This review focuses on recent T2D biomarker studies based on circulating nucleic acids using different omics technologies: genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics. Omics studies have profiled biomarker candidates from blood, urine, and other non-invasive samples. Despite methodological differences, several candidate biomarkers were reported for the risk and diagnosis of T2D, the prognosis of T2D complications, and pharmacodynamics of T2D treatments. Future studies should be done to validate the findings in larger samples and blood-based biomarkers in non-invasive samples to support the realization of precision medicine for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Padilla-Martinez
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15276 Białystok, Poland; (F.P.-M.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Gladys Wojciechowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15276 Białystok, Poland; (F.P.-M.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lukasz Szczerbinski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15276 Białystok, Poland; (F.P.-M.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15276 Białystok, Poland; (F.P.-M.); (L.S.); (A.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15276 Białystok, Poland
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7
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Monfared YK, Mirzaii-Dizgah MR, Khodabandehloo E, Sarookhani MR, Hashemipour S, Mirzaii-Dizgah I. Salivary microRNA-126 and 135a: a potentially non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers of type- 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1631-1638. [PMID: 34900814 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Emerging of miRNAs have illustrated the new mechanistic layer to regulate type 2 diabetes process and suggests a possible role of these RNAs in this defect. Thus, we designed this study to improve our understanding of salivary miRNA-126 and 135a expression utility as an easy of collection and non-invasive way in diabetic patients instead of blood sample. Methods This case-control study was done on T2D (n = 40) and healthy individuals (n = 40). The level of biochemical parameters were determined by enzymatic methods as well as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by immunoturbidimetry. We used the pooled whole stimulated saliva sample from cases and controls to assess the differentiation expression of miRNA 126 and 135-a with quantitative RT-PCR method. Unpaired Student's t test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis were used. Results A correlation was observed between the level of HbA1c, glucose and lipid profiles (TG, TC, and LDL) in serum and whole stimulated saliva samples in T2D patients compared to control (p < 0.001). miR-135a expression was considerably higher by 4.7-fold in T2D compared to the control group (1.8-fold) (p < 0.001) while the miR126 expression was significantly decreased by 3.9-fold in T2D compared to the controls (6.3-fold) (p < 0.001). Conclusions The results of this case and control study showed that miR-135a and miR126 expression in saliva fluid as a reliable biomarkers and non-invasive approach in combination by change of lipid profiles, glucose and HbA1c may be used to monitor diabetic and non-diabetic patients, while further research is needed to investigate the relationship of these salivary miRNAs (miR135a, miR126) levels change on shifting the levels of clinical laboratory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Khazaei Monfared
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Dip. Di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Elham Khodabandehloo
- B.Sc of Medical Laboratory sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | | | - Sima Hashemipour
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Urinary podocyte markers in kidney diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:315-324. [PMID: 34666027 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes play an important role in the maintenance of kidney function, and they are the primary focus of many kidney diseases. Podocyte injury results in the shedding of podocyte-derived cellular fragments and podocyte-specific molecular targets into the urine, which may serve as biomarkers of kidney diseases. Intact podocytes, either viable or dead, and podocyte-derived microvesicles could be quantified in the urine by various centrifugation, visualization and culture methods. Podocyte-specific protein targets from the nucleus, cytoplasm, slit-diaphragm, glomerular capillary basement membrane, and cytoskeleton, as well as their corresponding messenger RNA (mRNA), in the urine could be quantified by western blotting, ELISA, or quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Although some of these techniques may be expensive or labor-intensive at present, they may become widely available in the future because of the improvement in technology and automation. The application of urinary podocyte markers for the diagnosis and monitoring of various kidney diseases have been explored but the published data in this area are not sufficiently systematic and lack external validation. Further research should focus on standardizing, comparing, and automizing laboratory methods, as well as defining their added value to the routine clinical tests.
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9
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Gu YY, Lu FH, Huang XR, Zhang L, Mao W, Yu XQ, Liu XS, Lan HY. Non-Coding RNAs as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:583528. [PMID: 33574750 PMCID: PMC7870688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.583528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common diabetic complication and is a leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. Increasing evidence shows that DKD is regulated not only by many classical signaling pathways but also by epigenetic mechanisms involving chromatin histone modifications, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNA (ncRNAs). In this review, we focus on our current understanding of the role and mechanisms of ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of DKD. Of them, the regulatory role of TGF-β/Smad3-dependent miRNAs and lncRNAs in DKD is highlighted. Importantly, miRNAs and lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DKD are also described, and the perspective of ncRNAs as a novel therapeutic approach for combating diabetic nephropathy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yu Gu
- Department of Nephrology and State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fu-Hua Lu
- Department of Nephrology and State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology and State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Nephrology and State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Qing Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology and State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Yaker L, Kamel S, Ausseil J, Boullier A. Effects of Chronic Kidney Disease and Uremic Toxins on Extracellular Vesicle Biology. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12120811. [PMID: 33371311 PMCID: PMC7767379 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a cardiovascular complication associated with a high mortality rate, especially in patients with diabetes, atherosclerosis or chronic kidney disease (CKD). In CKD patients, VC is associated with the accumulation of uremic toxins, such as indoxyl sulphate or inorganic phosphate, which can have a major impact in vascular remodeling. During VC, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo an osteogenic switch and secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are heterogeneous in terms of their origin and composition. Under physiological conditions, EVs are involved in cell-cell communication and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. They contain high levels of calcification inhibitors, such as fetuin-A and matrix Gla protein. Under pathological conditions (and particularly in the presence of uremic toxins), the secreted EVs acquire a pro-calcifying profile and thereby act as nucleating foci for the crystallization of hydroxyapatite and the propagation of calcification. Here, we review the most recent findings on the EVs’ pathophysiological role in VC, the impact of uremic toxins on EV biogenesis and functions, the use of EVs as diagnostic biomarkers and the EVs’ therapeutic potential in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Yaker
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue de la Croix Jourdain, F-80054 Amiens, France; (L.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Saïd Kamel
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue de la Croix Jourdain, F-80054 Amiens, France; (L.Y.); (S.K.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie CHU Amiens-Picardie, Avenue de la Croix Jourdain, F-80054 Amiens, France
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- INSERM UMR1043, CNRS UMR5282, University of Toulouse III, F-31024 Toulouse, France;
- CHU PURPAN—Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Avenue de Grande Bretagne, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Boullier
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue de la Croix Jourdain, F-80054 Amiens, France; (L.Y.); (S.K.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie CHU Amiens-Picardie, Avenue de la Croix Jourdain, F-80054 Amiens, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-322087019
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Abramovic I, Ulamec M, Katusic Bojanac A, Bulic-Jakus F, Jezek D, Sincic N. miRNA in prostate cancer: challenges toward translation. Epigenomics 2020; 12:543-558. [PMID: 32267174 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm among men. miRNAs, as biomarkers, could further improve reliability in distinguishing malignant versus nonmalignant, and aggressive versus nonaggressive PCa. However, conflicting data was reported for certain miRNAs, and there was a lack of consistency and reproducibility, which has been attributed to diverse (pre)analytical factors. In order to address current challenges in miRNA clinical research on PCa, a PubMed-based literature search was conducted with the last update in May 2019. After identifying critical variations in designs and protocols that undermined clear-cut evidence acquisition, and reliable translation into clinical practice, we propose guidelines for most critical steps that should be considered in future research of miRNA as biomarkers, especially in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Abramovic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Monika Ulamec
- Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology & Cytology, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine & School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ana Katusic Bojanac
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Floriana Bulic-Jakus
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Davor Jezek
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Department of Histology & Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Nino Sincic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.,Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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12
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Chu CP, Nabity MB. Comparison of RNA isolation and library preparation methods for small RNA sequencing of canine biofluids. Vet Clin Pathol 2019; 48:310-319. [PMID: 31077418 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of biofluids is challenging due to the relative scarcity of microRNAs (miRNAs), limited sample volumes, and the lack of a gold standard isolation method. Additionally, few comparisons exist for the RNA isolation and sequencing methods of biofluids. OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare the performance of six commercial RNA isolation kits and two library preparation methods for small RNA-seq using canine serum and urine. METHODS Serum and urine were collected from seven dogs with protein-losing nephropathy, and the samples were pooled. Total RNA from serum (2 mL) and urine (10 mL) was isolated in triplicate using three methods each for serum (Zymo Direct-zol, mirVana PARIS, miRCURY Biofluids) and urine (Qiagen exoRNeasy, Norgen Urine Exosome, miRCURY Exosome). For each sample type, the two kits yielding the highest RNA concentration were selected, and small RNA-seq was performed using TruSeq and NEXTflex library preparations. Data were analyzed by CPSS 2.0 and DESeq2. RESULTS For serum, Zymo Direct-zol combined with NEXTflex was the only combination that enabled successful library preparation, while for urine, Qiagen exoRNeasy combined with NEXTflex outperformed other combinations for detecting miRNAs. The total number of miRNAs detected in serum and urine was 198 and up to 115, respectively. miRNA expression in serum was distinct from urine. Furthermore, the library preparation method introduced a higher variation of urine results than the RNA isolation method. CONCLUSIONS Different isolation and library preparation methods show significant differences in miRNA results that could affect biomarker discovery. Small RNA-seq provides an unbiased, global assessment to compare these methods in canine biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice P Chu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Mary B Nabity
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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13
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Droplet digital PCR improves urinary exosomal miRNA detection compared to real-time PCR. Clin Biochem 2019; 67:54-59. [PMID: 30905583 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Quantification of urinary miRNAs can be challenging especially for low abundance miRNAs. We aimed to optimize the quantification of urinary exosomal miRNAs and compare the performance efficiency between droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). METHODS We optimized a number of parameters for ddPCR such as annealing temperatures, annealing time and PCR cycle number. We also compared the performance of ddPCR and qPCR. RESULTS By comparing the fluorescence amplification separation, the optimal annealing temperature was 59 °C, optimal annealing time was 60s and optimal cycle number was 45 for measuring urinary exosomal miRNAs. ddPCR had much higher technical sensitivity compared to qPCR. The minimal detectable concentration of miR-29a was <50 copies/μL by ddPCR compared to 6473 copies/μL for qPCR. Also, ddPCR generated more consistent results for serially diluted samples compared to qPCR. ddPCR generated smaller within-run variations than qPCR though this did not reach statistical significance. It also resulted in better reproducibility with smaller between-run variations. CONCLUSIONS Optimization of urinary exosomal miRNA ddPCR assay is dependent on assessing key variables including experimental annealing temperature and time as well as the number of PCR cycles. ddPCR has a higher sensitivity, reproducibility, and accuracy in comparison to qPCR.
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14
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Assmann TS, Recamonde-Mendoza M, de Souza BM, Bauer AC, Crispim D. MicroRNAs and diabetic kidney disease: Systematic review and bioinformatic analysis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 477:90-102. [PMID: 29902497 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Emerging evidence has suggested a role for miRNAs in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), indicating that miRNAs may represent potential biomarkers of this disease. However, results are still inconclusive. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the literature on the subject, followed by bioinformatic analysis. PubMed and EMBASE were searched to identify all studies that compared miRNA expressions between patients with DKD and diabetic patients without this complication or healthy subjects. MiRNA expressions were analyzed in kidney biopsies, urine/urinary exosomes or total blood/plasma/serum. MiRNAs consistently dysregulated in DKD patients were submitted to bioinformatic analysis to retrieve their putative target genes and identify potentially affected pathways under their regulation. As result, twenty-seven studies were included in the systematic review. Among 151 dysregulated miRNAs reported in these studies, 6 miRNAs were consistently dysregulated in DKD patients compared to controls: miR-21-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-192-5p, miR-214-3p, and miR-342-3p. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that these 6 miRNAs are involved in pathways related to DKD pathogenesis, such as apoptosis, fibrosis, and extracellular matrix accumulation. In conclusion, six miRNAs seem to be dysregulated in patients with different stages of DKD, constituting potential biomarkers of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís S Assmann
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza
- Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Bioinformatics Core, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bianca M de Souza
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andrea C Bauer
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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15
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Upregulation of MiR-126 Delays the Senescence of Human Glomerular Mesangial Cells Induced by High Glucose via Telomere-p53-p21-Rb Signaling Pathway. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:758-764. [PMID: 30341510 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes. The study of DKD mechanisms is the most important target for the prevention of DKD. Renal senescence is one of the important pathogeneses for DKD, but the mechanism of renal and cellular senescence is unclear. Decreased expression of circulating miR-126 is associated with the development of DKD and may be a promising blood-based biomarker for DKD. This study is to probe the effect and mechanism of miR-126 on the aging of human glomerular mesangial cells (HGMCs) induced by high glucose. HGMCs were cultured with Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI-1640) in vitro. The effect of high glucose on morphology of HGMCs was observed 72 h after intervention. The cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry. The telomere length was measured by Southern blotting. The expression levels of p53, p21 and Rb proteins in p53-p21-Rb signaling pathway and p-stat1, p-stat3 in JAK/STAT signaling pathway were detected by Western blotting respectively. The expression of miR-126 was examined by qRT-PCR. MiR-126 mimics was transfected into HGMCs. The effects of miR-126 mimics transfection on cell morphology, cell cycle, telomere length, p53, p21, Rb, p-stat1 and p-stat3 were observed. The results showed that high glucose not only arrested the cell cycle in G1 phase but also shortened the telomere length. High glucose led to high expression of p53, p21, Rb, p-stat1 and p-stat3 and premature senescence of HGMCs by activating the telomere-p53-p21-Rb and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Moreover, the miR-126 was decreased in HGMCs induced by high glucose. It was suggested that the transfection of miR-126 mimics could inhibit the telomere-p53-p21-Rb and JAK/STAT signaling pathway activity in vitro and delay the senescence of HGMCs. The results may serve as a new strategy for the treatment of DKD.
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16
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Cell-free microRNA expression signatures in urine serve as novel noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and recurrence prediction of bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40832-40842. [PMID: 28388561 PMCID: PMC5522322 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC). In this study, we aimed to develop a urinary miRNAs panel for diagnosing and predicting recurrence of BC. Genome-wide miRNAs analysis by deep sequencing followed by two phases of quantitative real-time PCR assays were performed on urine supernatant of 276 BC patients and 276 controls. We identified a seven-miRNA panel (miR-7-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-126-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-375, and miR-423-5p) that provided high diagnostic accuracy of BC with an AUC of 0.923 and 0.916 in training and validation set, respectively. The corresponding AUCs of this panel for Ta, T1 and T2-T4 were 0.864, 0.930 and 0.978, significantly higher than those of urine cytology, which were 0.531, 0.628 and 0.724, respectively (all p < 0.05). Moreover, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that nonmuscle-invasive BC (NMIBC) patients with high miR-22-3p and low miR-200a-3p level had worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.002 and 0.040, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that miR-22-3p and miR-200a-3p were independently associated with RFS of NMIBC (p = 0.024 and 0.008, respectively). In conclusion, our results suggested that urinary miRNAs may have considerable clinical value in diagnosis and recurrence prediction of BC.
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17
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Yang X, Liu S, Zhang R, Sun B, Zhou S, Chen R, Yu P. Microribonucleic acid-192 as a specific biomarker for the early diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease. J Diabetes Investig 2017; 9:602-609. [PMID: 28940849 PMCID: PMC5934266 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION To evaluate the diagnostic value of microribonucleic acid (miR) as biomarkers in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 230 diabetes mellitus patients and 53 healthy participants were enrolled, and the diabetes mellitus group was further divided into normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and large amount of albuminuria group. MiRs of serum and urine were quantificated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. General clinical information was collected and analyzed for the risk factors. Cut-off values of diagnosis sensitivity were determined by receiver operating characteristic curves and the Youden Index. RESULTS Compared with the healthy participants, the expression of miR-192 in serum decreased, whereas in urine it increased with the progression of DKD. The expression of both serum and urine miR-126 increased in the diabetes mellitus group, but no significant change was obtained among the DKD groups. The area under the curve receiver operating characteristic of both serum and urine miR-192 was higher than that of the albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Combined detection of urine and serum miR-192 has a higher specificity and lower misdiagnosis rate. CONCLUSIONS Both serum and urinary miR-192 could be a potential biomarker of DKD, playing a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health)Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Shuaihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health)Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health)Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Bei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health)Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Saijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health)Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health)Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Pei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health)Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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18
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Kamyshova ES, Bobkova IN, Kutyrina IM. New insights on microRNAs in diabetic nephropathy: potential biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic targets. DIABETES MELLITUS 2017. [DOI: 10.14341/dm8237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus associated with the progressive deterioration of renal function. Although microalbuminuria is considered as a gold standard for DN diagnosis, it has limited predictive powers and specificity as a diagnostic tool for the early stage of DN. Therefore, new biomarkers are required for the early detection of DN. Studies using in vitro and in vivo models of DN have revealed an important role of microRNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding RNAs that modulate physiological and pathological processes by inhibiting target gene expression, in DN development. Recent studies have shown that the dysregulation of miRNAs, which is associated with the key features of DN, such as the mesangial expansion and accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, is related to fibrosis and glomerular dysfunction. Thus, the up- and downregulation of miRNA expression in the renal tissue or biological fluids, including urine, may represent new biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of DN progression. In this review, we highlight the significance of miRNAs as biomarkers for the early detection of DN and emphasise their potential role as a therapeutic target.
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19
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Trionfini P, Benigni A. MicroRNAs as Master Regulators of Glomerular Function in Health and Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:1686-1696. [PMID: 28232619 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression, and the dysregulation of miRNAs is a common feature of several diseases. More miRNAs are identified almost daily, revealing the complexity of these transcripts in eukaryotic cellular networks. The study of renal miRNAs, using genetically modified mice or by perturbing endogenous miRNA levels, has revealed the important biologic roles miRNAs have in the major cell lineages that compose the glomerulus. Here, we provide an overview of miRNA biogenesis and function in regulating key genes and cellular pathways in glomerular cells during development and homeostasis. Moreover, we focus on the emerging mechanisms through which miRNAs contribute to different diseases affecting the glomerulus, such as FSGS, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and diabetic nephropathy. In-depth knowledge of miRNA-based gene regulation has made it possible to unravel pathomechanisms, enabling the design of new therapeutic strategies for glomerular diseases for which available therapies are not fully efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Trionfini
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ariela Benigni
- IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
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20
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Al-Kafaji G, Al-Mahroos G, Al-Muhtaresh HA, Skrypnyk C, Sabry MA, Ramadan AR. Decreased expression of circulating microRNA-126 in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: A potential blood-based biomarker. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:815-822. [PMID: 27446281 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as promising biomarkers for multiple diseases. miR-126 is reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), diabetic nephropathy (DN) and end stage renal disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of circulating miR-126 and to assess its potential as a blood-based biomarker for DN in T2D patients. In 52 patients with T2D without history of DN (with noromoalbuminuria), 50 patients with T2D and DN (29 with microalbuminuria and 21 with macroalbuminuria), and 50 non-diabetic healthy controls, the expression of circulating miR-126 in peripheral whole blood was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of circulating miR-126 were significantly decreased in T2D patients and further decreased in DN patients compared with those in the controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed the independent association of lower miR-126 levels with T2D [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.797; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.613-0.960] and DN (adjusted OR, 0.513; 95% CI, 0.371-0.708). miR-126 levels were associated with the degree of albuminuria and showed significantly low expression in DN patients with microalbuminuria (adjusted OR, 0.781; 95% CI; 0.698-0.952) and further lower expression in DN patients with macroalbuminuria (adjusted OR, 0.433; 95% CI, 0.299-0.701), respectively compared with T2D patients with normoalbuminuria. miR-126 levels negatively correlated with albuminuria positively with glomerular filtration rate (P<0.05), and in addition, negatively correlated with fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride and LDL (P<0.05). Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified albuminuria as a significant predictor of miR-126 (P<0.001). miR-126 in peripheral blood yielded area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.854 (95% CI, 0.779-0.929) and 0.959 (95% CI, 0.916-1.000) in the differentiation of DN patients from T2D patients and DN patients from non-diabetic controls respectively. These data suggest that decreased expression of circulating miR-126 is associated with the development of DN in T2D patients, and may be a promising blood-based biomarker for DN risk estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Al-Kafaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine/Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ghazi Al-Mahroos
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Clinic, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama 12, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Haifa Abdulla Al-Muhtaresh
- Department of Molecular Medicine/Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Cristina Skrypnyk
- Department of Molecular Medicine/Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Mohamed Abdalla Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Ahmad R Ramadan
- Department of Life Sciences, Medical Biotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Nassirpour R, Raj D, Townsend R, Argyropoulos C. MicroRNA biomarkers in clinical renal disease: from diabetic nephropathy renal transplantation and beyond. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 98:73-88. [PMID: 26925770 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a common health problem affecting 1 in 12 Americans. It is associated with elevated risks of mortality, cardiovascular disease, and high costs for the treatment of renal failure with dialysis or transplantation. Advances in CKD care are impeded by the lack of biomarkers for early diagnosis, assessment of the extent of tissue injury, estimation of disease progression, and evaluation of response to therapy. Such biomarkers should improve the performance of existing measures of renal functional impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR) or kidney damage (proteinuria). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) a class of small, non-coding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional repressors are gaining momentum as biomarkers in a number of disease areas. In this review, we examine the potential utility of miRNAs as promising biomarkers for renal disease. We explore the performance of miRNAs as biomarkers in two clinically important forms of CKD, diabetes and the nephropathy developing in kidney transplant recipients. Finally, we highlight the pitfalls and opportunities of miRNAs and provide a broad perspective for the future clinical development of miRNAs as biomarkers in CKD beyond the current gold standards of eGFR and albuminuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rounak Nassirpour
- Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Andover, MA, USA
| | - Dominic Raj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Raymond Townsend
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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