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Dunbar SA. Nucleic acid sample preparation techniques for bead-based suspension arrays. Methods 2023; 219:22-29. [PMID: 37716477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiplexing in biological assays allows the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes in a single reaction, which reduces time, labor, and cost as compared to single reaction-based detection methods. Microsphere- or bead-based suspension array technologies, such as the Luminex® xMAP® system, offer high-throughput detection of nucleic acids through a variety of different assay chemistries. Common with most nucleic acid chemistries, for bead-based or other microarray technologies, is the need for efficient extraction and purification of the nucleic acids from the specimen of interest. Often, the optimal method will be dictated by the requirements of the up-front enzymatic chemistry, such as PCR, primer extension, branched DNA (bDNA), etc. For bead-based microarray platforms, the user must also be cognizant of proteins and other contaminants present in reactions that require heat denaturation, as that can lead to bead aggregation or agglutination, preventing the reading of assay results. This review describes and highlights some of the nucleic acid extraction and purification methods that have been used successfully for bead-based nucleic acid analysis, for both prokaryotic and eucaryotic nucleic acids, from a variety of sample types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry A Dunbar
- Scientific Affairs, Luminex, A DiaSorin Company, 12212 Technology Blvd., Austin, TX 78727, USA.
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Kann S, Zabala-Monterroza W, García C, Concha G, Landt O, Hahn A, Weinreich F, Frickmann H. Comparison of the Influence of Different Nucleic Acid Extraction Assays on the Sensitivity of Trypanosoma cruzi-Specific Real-Time PCR. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081554. [PMID: 36013972 PMCID: PMC9414588 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
For the molecular diagnosis of Chagas disease by real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction), optimization of diagnostic accuracy is desirable. The detection limit of real-time PCR assays for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi in human serum is affected by various influences including the choice of the nucleic acid extraction assay. In this study, three nucleic acid extraction assays were compared regarding their influence on the sensitivity of a T. cruzi-specific real-time PCR with 62 reference sera containing T. cruzi target DNA (deoxyribonucleotide acid). More than 95% of the positive sera were correctly identified after all three nucleic acid extraction strategies with a detection rate ranging from 96.8% (60/62) for the worst assay to 100% (62/62) for the best one. A matched pairs analysis for the comparison of the cycle threshold (Ct) values obtained with the 59 reference samples with positive real-time PCR results after all three nucleic acid extraction schemes indicated differences in a range of about 3 Ct steps. Summarized, all three compared nucleic acid extraction schemes were basically suitable for T. cruzi-specific PCR from serum with some minor differences. However, in the case of low quantities of circulating parasite DNA in the serum of a patient with Chagas disease, even minor effects can make a difference in the individual diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kann
- Medical Mission Institute, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Wendy Zabala-Monterroza
- Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health, Department Cesar, Valledupar 20000001, Colombia; (W.Z.-M.); (C.G.)
| | - Cenia García
- Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health, Department Cesar, Valledupar 20000001, Colombia; (W.Z.-M.); (C.G.)
| | - Gustavo Concha
- Organization Wiwa Yugumaiun Bunkauanarrua Tayrona (OWYBT), Department Health Advocacy, Valledupar 2000001, Colombia;
| | | | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (A.H.); (H.F.)
| | - Felix Weinreich
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (A.H.); (H.F.)
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
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Fradette MS, Culley AI, Charette SJ. Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in Environmental Water Samples: A Journey into the Past and New Perspectives. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061175. [PMID: 35744692 PMCID: PMC9228427 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the major issues linked with producing safe water for consumption is the presence of the parasitic protozoa Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. Since they are both responsible for gastrointestinal illnesses that can be waterborne, their monitoring is crucial, especially in water sources feeding treatment plants. Although their discovery was made in the early 1900s and even before, it was only in 1999 that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a standardized protocol for the detection of these parasites, modified and named today the U.S. EPA 1623.1 Method. It involves the flow-through filtration of a large volume of the water of interest, the elution of the biological material retained on the filter, the purification of the (oo)cysts, and the detection by immunofluorescence of the target parasites. Since the 1990s, several molecular-biology-based techniques were also developed to detect Cryptosporidium and Giardia cells from environmental or clinical samples. The application of U.S. EPA 1623.1 as well as numerous biomolecular methods are reviewed in this article, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed guiding the readers, such as graduate students, researchers, drinking water managers, epidemiologists, and public health specialists, through the ever-expanding number of techniques available in the literature for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Stéphanie Fradette
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.I.C.); (S.J.C.)
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et Génie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Aménagement et Développement du Territoire (CRAD), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexander I. Culley
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.I.C.); (S.J.C.)
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et Génie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Steve J. Charette
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (A.I.C.); (S.J.C.)
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Faculté des Sciences et Génie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Multicentric Evaluation of SeeGene Allplex Real-Time PCR Assays Targeting 28 Bacterial, Microsporidal and Parasitic Nucleic Acid Sequences in Human Stool Samples. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12041007. [PMID: 35454056 PMCID: PMC9032746 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12041007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to the implementation of new diagnostic techniques, a thorough evaluation is mandatory in order to ensure diagnostic reliability. If positive samples are scarcely available, however, such evaluations can be difficult to perform. Here, we evaluated four SeeGene Allplex real-time PCR assays amplifying a total of 28 bacteria, microsporidal and parasitic nucleic acid sequence targets in human stool samples in a multicentric approach. In the assessments with strongly positive samples, sensitivity values ranging between 13% and 100% were recorded for bacteria, between 0% and 100% for protozoa and between 7% and 100% for helminths and microsporidia; for the weakly positive samples, the recorded sensitivity values for bacteria ranged from 0% to 100%; for protozoa, from 0% to 40%; and for helminths and microsporidia, from 0% to 53%. For bacteria, the recorded specificity was in the range between 87% and 100%, while a specificity of 100% was recorded for all assessed PCRs targeting parasites and microsporidia. The intra- and inter-assay variations were generally low. Specifically for some helminth species, the sensitivity could be drastically increased by applying manual nucleic acid extraction instead of the manufacturer-recommended automatic procedure, while such effects were less obvious for the bacteria and protozoa. In summary, the testing with the chosen positive control samples showed varying degrees of discordance between the evaluated Allplex assays and the applied in-house reference assays associated with higher cycle threshold values in the Allplex assays, suggesting that samples with very low pathogen densities might be missed. As the targeted species can occur as harmless colonizers in the gut of individuals in high-endemicity settings as well, future studies should aim at assessing the clinical relevance of the latter hint.
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Loderstädt U, Hagen RM, Hahn A, Frickmann H. New Developments in PCR-Based Diagnostics for Bacterial Pathogens Causing Gastrointestinal Infections-A Narrative Mini-Review on Challenges in the Tropics. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6020096. [PMID: 34199650 PMCID: PMC8293448 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of modern PCR approaches for the diagnosis of bacterial gastrointestinal pathogens is on the rise due to their rapidly available results combined with high sensitivity. While multiple studies describe the ongoing implementation of this technique for routine diagnostic purposes in laboratories in Western industrialized countries, reports on successful and also sustainable respective approaches in resource-poor tropical settings are still scarce. In order to shed light on potential reasons for this marked discrepancy, this narrative review summarizes identified challenges for the application of diagnostic PCR targeting bacterial gastrointestinal pathogens from stool samples in the tropics. The identified and discussed issues comprise the lack of generally accepted definitions for (1) minimum standards regarding sample acquisition, storage and transport time for diagnostic PCR analyses in the tropics, (2) nucleic acid extraction standards allowing an optimum detection of all types of pathogens which may be responsible for gastroenteritis in the tropics, (3) validation standards to ensure comparable quality of applied diagnostic assays, and (4) cut-offs for a reliable discrimination of infection and mere colonization in areas where semi-immunity due to repeated exposition associated with poor hygiene conditions has to be expected. Further implementation research is needed to solve those issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Loderstädt
- Institute for Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Ralf Matthias Hagen
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Andernacher Str. 100, 56070 Koblenz, Germany;
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: or or ; Tel.: +49-40-6947-28743
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Köller T, Hahn A, Altangerel E, Verweij JJ, Landt O, Kann S, Dekker D, May J, Loderstädt U, Podbielski A, Frickmann H. Comparison of commercial and in-house real-time PCR platforms for 15 parasites and microsporidia in human stool samples without a gold standard. Acta Trop 2020; 207:105516. [PMID: 32371221 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A test comparison of in-house and commercial real-time PCR (qPCR) kits for the detection of human parasites and microsporidia in stool samples was conducted without a gold standard. Three different commercial kits were included in the comparison, with a range of 3-15 different PCR targets, while 14 targets were covered by in-house testing, so not all 16 target pathogens were covered by all assays. METHODS Residual materials from nucleic acid extractions of stool samples with very high likelihood of being colonized or infected by at least one enteric parasite species or microsporidia were tested. In all, 500 DNA samples were analyzed, but due to limited sample volume, only 250 of the 500 samples were tested per assay. Each sample was assessed with the qPCR platforms being compared and cycle threshold (Ct) values were included in a descriptive comparison. RESULTS Depending on the assay applied, qPCR detected per 250 tested samples Giardia duodenalis (184-205), Blastocystis spp. (174-183), Trichuris trichiura (118-120), Ascaris lumbricoides (79-96), Necator americanus (78-106), Hymenolepis nana (40-42), Cryptosporidium spp. (27-36), Dientamoeba fragilis (26-28), Schistosoma spp. (13-23), Enterobius vermicularis (8-14), Entamoeba histolytica (7-16), Strongyloides stercoralis (6-38), Cyclospora spp. (6-13), Taenia spp. (1-4), microsporidia (1-5), and Ancylostoma spp. (1-2). Inter-assay agreement kappa was almost perfect (0.81-1) for Dientamoeba fragilis, Hymenolepis nana, Cryptosporidium spp., and Ascaris lumbricoides, substantial (0.61-0.8) for Necator americanus, Blastocystis spp., Ancylostoma spp., Giardia duodenalis, Schistosoma spp., Trichuris trichiura, and Enterobius vermicularis, moderate (0.41-0.6) for Entamoeba histolytica, fair (0.21-0.4) for microsporidia, slight (0-0.2) for Cyclospora spp. and Strongyloides stercoralis, and poor (<0) for Taenia spp. CONCLUSIONS Varying inter-assay agreement makes interpretation of microsporidia and parasite PCR in stool samples challenging. Intra-assay agreement had been controlled during the developing of the assays. Future studies, e.g., with optimized nucleic acid procedures and including microscopically characterized samples, are advisable.
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Moss JA, Snyder RA. Surveillance of Microsporidia and Protozoan Pathogens in Pensacola Florida: A One-year Study. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2019; 66:617-624. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Moss
- Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation; University of West Florida; 11,000 University Parkway, Bldg 58 Pensacola Florida 32514
| | - Richard A. Snyder
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science Eastern Shore Laboratory; 40 Atlantic Ave. Wachapreague Virginia 23480
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Molecular and phylogenetic evidences of dispersion of human-infecting microsporidia to vegetable farms via irrigation with treated wastewater: One-year follow up. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:642-651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Moss JA, Snyder RA. Biofilms for Monitoring Presence of Microsporidia in Environmental Water. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2017; 64:533-538. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Moss
- Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation; University of West Florida; 11,000 University Parkway, Bldg 58 Pensacola Florida 32514
| | - Richard A. Snyder
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science Eastern Shore Laboratory; 40 Atlantic Avenue Wachapreague Virginia 23480
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Kumar T, Abd Majid MA, Onichandran S, Jaturas N, Andiappan H, Salibay CC, Tabo HAL, Tabo N, Dungca JZ, Tangpong J, Phiriyasamith S, Yuttayong B, Polseela R, Do BN, Sawangjaroen N, Tan TC, Lim YAL, Nissapatorn V. Presence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in water samples from Southeast Asia: towards an integrated water detection system. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:3. [PMID: 26763230 PMCID: PMC4712598 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Access to clean and safe drinking water that is free from pathogenic protozoan parasites, especially Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia that cause gastrointestinal illness in humans, is still an issue in Southeast Asia (SEA). This study is the first attempt to detect the aforementioned protozoan parasites in water samples from countries in SEA, using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays. Methods A total of 221 water samples of 10 l each were collected between April and October 2013 from Malaysia (53), Thailand (120), the Philippines (33), and Vietnam (15). A physicochemical analysis was conducted. The water samples were processed in accordance with the US Environmental Protection Agency’s methods 1622/1623.1, microscopically observed and subsequently screened using qPCR assays. Results Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in treated water samples from the Philippines (1/10), with a concentration of 0.06 ± 0.19 oocyst/L, and untreated water samples from Thailand (25/93), Malaysia (17/44), and the Philippines (11/23), with concentrations ranging from 0.13 ± 0.18 to 0.57 ± 1.41 oocyst/L. Giardia cysts were found in treated water samples from the Philippines (1/10), with a concentration of 0.02 ± 0.06 cyst/L, and in untreated water samples from Thailand (20/93), Vietnam (5/10), Malaysia (22/44), and the Philippines (16/23), with concentrations ranging from 0.12 ± 0.3 to 8.90 ± 19.65 cyst/L. The pathogens C. parvum and G. lamblia were detected using using qPCR assays by targeting the 138-bp fragment and the small subunit gene, respectively. C. parvum was detected in untreated water samples from the Philippines (1/23) and Malaysia (2/44), whilst, G. lamblia detected was detected in treated water samples from the Philippines (1/10) and in untreated water samples from Thailand (21/93), Malaysia (12/44), and the Philippines (17/23). Nitrate concentration was found to have a high positive correlation with (oo)cyst (0.993). Conclusion The presence of (oo)cysts in the water samples means that there is potential risk for zoonotic disease transmission in the studied countries. Detection using qPCR is feasible for quantifying both pathogenic C. parvum and G. lamblia in large water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulasi Kumar
- Department of Parasitology (Southeast Asia Water Team), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Azlan Abd Majid
- Department of Parasitology (Southeast Asia Water Team), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subashini Onichandran
- Department of Parasitology (Southeast Asia Water Team), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Narong Jaturas
- Department of Parasitology (Southeast Asia Water Team), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Hemah Andiappan
- Department of Parasitology (Southeast Asia Water Team), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cristina C Salibay
- Biological Science Department, College of Science and Computer Studies, De La Salle University-Dasmariñas, Dasmariñas, Philippines
| | - Hazel A L Tabo
- Biological Science Department, College of Science and Computer Studies, De La Salle University-Dasmariñas, Dasmariñas, Philippines
| | - Norbel Tabo
- Biological Science Department, College of Science and Computer Studies, De La Salle University-Dasmariñas, Dasmariñas, Philippines
| | - Julieta Z Dungca
- School of Science and Technology, Centro Escolar University, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jitbanjong Tangpong
- School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | | | - Boonyaorn Yuttayong
- Regional Medical Sciences Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Raxsina Polseela
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Binh Nhu Do
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung Road, Phuc La Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nongyao Sawangjaroen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Tian-Chye Tan
- Department of Parasitology (Southeast Asia Water Team), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne A L Lim
- Department of Parasitology (Southeast Asia Water Team), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- Department of Parasitology (Southeast Asia Water Team), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Mosteo R, Goñi P, Miguel N, Abadías J, Valero P, Ormad MP. Bioaccumulation of pathogenic bacteria and amoeba by zebra mussels and their presence in watercourses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1833-1840. [PMID: 26400243 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dreissena polymorpha (the zebra mussel) has been invading freshwater bodies in Europe since the beginning of the nineteenth century. Filter-feeding organisms can accumulate and concentrate both chemical and biological contaminants in their tissues. Therefore, zebra mussels are recognized as indicators of freshwater quality. In this work, the capacity of the zebra mussel to accumulate human pathogenic bacteria and protozoa has been evaluated and the sanitary risk associated with their presence in surface water has also been assessed. The results show a good correlation between the pathogenic bacteria concentration in zebra mussels and in watercourses. Zebra mussels could therefore be used as an indicator of biological contamination. The bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Salmonella spp.) and parasites (Cryptosporidium oocysts and free-living amoebae) detected in these mussels reflect a potential sanitary risk in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mosteo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, EINA, University of Zaragoza, C/María Luna, 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - P Goñi
- Area of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - N Miguel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, EINA, University of Zaragoza, C/María Luna, 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Abadías
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, EINA, University of Zaragoza, C/María Luna, 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - P Valero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, EINA, University of Zaragoza, C/María Luna, 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M P Ormad
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technologies, EINA, University of Zaragoza, C/María Luna, 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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