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Perrone-Filardi P, Minghetti P, Menditto E, Bianchi S, Scaglione F, Trifirò G, Piccinocchi G, Corona T, Gambarelli G, Izzi C, Misciagna V, Putignano D, Lopatriello S, Cafiero D. The value of the polypill in cardiovascular disease: an Italian multidisciplinary Delphi panel consensus. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2021; 22:246-258. [PMID: 33633039 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to reach the consensus of a multidisciplinary and multistakeholder Italian panel on the value of polypill in cardiovascular disease, with respect to the clinical, technological, economic and organizational dimension. A three-step modified Delphi method was used to establish consensus. Eleven experts in the area of cardiology, pharmaceutical technology, general practice, hospital pharmacy, pharmacology, and health economics participated in the expert panel. To identify existing evidence concerning the value of polypill in the prevention of patients with cardiovascular disease, a systematic literature review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines. In the first round, 22 statements were distributed to the panel. Panel members were asked to mark 'agree' or 'disagree' for each statement and provide any comments. The same voting method was again used for the second round. In the first round nine statements met consensus. In the second round, 10 statements reached consensus. Overall, consensus was reached for 19 statements representing five value polypill domains: clinical, technological, economic and organizational. During a final web meeting with all panel members consensus document open points were discussed. Panel members agreed to recognize polypill as effective in reducing cardiovascular events, blood pressure and lipids, cardiovascular risk and the weight of therapy, in therapeutic adherence improvement, in the absence of differences in bioavailability between drugs administered in fixed or free combinations and the better cost-effectiveness profile compared with standard care. This document represents a knowledge framework to inform decision makers of the value of polypill in cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Perrone-Filardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli
| | - Paola Minghetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano
| | - Enrica Menditto
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRFF, Centre of Pharmacoeconomics, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli
| | - Stefano Bianchi
- U.O. Assistenza Farmaceutica Ospedaliera, Territoriale e Ricerca clinica, Ferrara
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Milan
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milano
| | - Gianluca Trifirò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina
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Yin WJ, Zhou LY, Li DY, Xie YL, Wang JL, Zuo SR, Liu K, Hu C, Zhou G, Chen LH, Yang HQ, Zuo XC. Protective Effects of Amlodipine Pretreatment on Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury And Overall Survival In Hypertensive Patients. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:44. [PMID: 32116719 PMCID: PMC7027359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroud Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the most common adverse reaction caused by contrast media, which has been reported to prolong hospitalization and increase mortality and morbidity. The hypertensive population has proved susceptible to CI-AKI. Unfortunately, no therapeutic has been shown to prevent and cure CI-AKI effectively. A few studies have shown the protection of amlodipine on renal function, but the relationship between amlodipine and CI-AKI in hypertensive group is unknown, we aimed to study the effects of amlodipine on CI-AKI and overall survival in a large Chinese hypertensive cohort. Methods A retrospective, matched, cohort study was conducted among adults hospitalized at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from October 2007 to May 2017. CI-AKI was the primary end point of the trial, time-related all-cause mortality (including in-hospital) and length of hospital stay were the secondary end points. Propensity Score Matching was used to reduce the effect of selection bias and potential confounding. Results 868 patients with and 1,798 ones without amlodipine before contrast administration were included. The incidence of CI-AKI was 10.50%. The unadjusted, adjusted, and propensity‐score matched incidence of CI-AKI were lower in patients treated with amlodipine (OR, 0.650; P = 0 .003; OR, 0.577; P = 0.007; OR, 0.687; P = 0.015, respectively), and the same results were found in the subgroups of diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), non-CKD, low-osmolar, and elderly. Moreover, amlodipine reduced hospital stay, whether matched or not (7.08 ± 7.28 vs 7.77 ± 7.82, P = 0.027, before matching; vs 7.81 ± 7.58, P = 0.040, after matching). 1,046 patients finished follow-up including 343 amlodipine users and 703 non-users. The overall mortality was significantly lower among amlodipine users (10.79%) than controls (16.07%), the significant difference was found in survival between them (P = 0.024, log-rank test), amlodipine was associated with longer overall survival [HR, 0.623; 95% CI (0.430–0.908), P = 0.014]. Conclusion In conclusion, we first found amlodipine treatment before contrast exposure played a role in protecting hypertensive patients from CI-AKI and prolonging survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dai-Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue-Liang Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang-Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan-Ru Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin-Hua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui-Qing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Cong Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Azushima K, Wakui H, Uneda K, Haku S, Kobayashi R, Ohki K, Kinguchi S, Haruhara K, Fujikawa T, Toya Y, Umemura S, Tamura K. Within-visit blood pressure variability and cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1313850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sona Haku
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohji Ohki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fujikawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Toya
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Kobayashi R, Tamura K, Wakui H, Ohsawa M, Azushima K, Haku S, Uneda K, Ohki K, Haruhara K, Kinguchi S, Umemura S. Effect of single-pill irbesartan/amlodipine combination-based therapy on clinic and home blood pressure profiles in hypertension with chronic kidney diseases. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016; 38:744-750. [PMID: 27936999 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We examined the efficacy of single-pill irbesartan/amlodipine combination-based therapy for 12 weeks in 20 hypertensive chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, by evaluating self-measured home blood pressure (BP) profile. The single-pill irbesartan/amlodipine combination-based therapy decreased clinic BP and home BP (morning, evening, and nighttime BPs), and improved within-visit clinic BP variability, day-by-day home BP variability (morning and evening), and nighttime home BP variability. Furthermore, the single-pill combination-based therapy reduced albuminuria and exerted improved parameters of vascular function. These results indicate that this single-pill combination-based therapy may exert beneficial effects on clinic and home BP profiles as well as on renal and vascular damages, in hypertension with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Kobayashi
- a Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- a Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- a Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Masato Ohsawa
- a Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kengo Azushima
- a Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Sona Haku
- a Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- a Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kohji Ohki
- a Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- a Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- a Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- a Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
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Uneda K, Tamura K, Wakui H, Azushima K, Haku S, Kobayashi R, Ohki K, Haruhara K, Kinguchi S, Ohsawa M, Fujikawa T, Umemura S. Comparison of direct renin inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker on clinic and ambulatory blood pressure profiles in hypertension with chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Hypertens 2016; 38:738-743. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sona Haku
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohji Ohki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Ohsawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fujikawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Formulations of Amlodipine: A Review. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS 2016; 2016:8961621. [PMID: 27822402 PMCID: PMC5086392 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8961621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amlodipine (AD) is a calcium channel blocker that is mainly used in the treatment of hypertension and angina. However, latest findings have revealed that its efficacy is not only limited to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases as it has shown to possess antioxidant activity and plays an important role in apoptosis. Therefore, it is also employed in the treatment of cerebrovascular stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, leukemia, breast cancer, and so forth either alone or in combination with other drugs. AD is a photosensitive drug and requires protection from light. A number of workers have tried to formulate various conventional and nonconventional dosage forms of AD. This review highlights all the formulations that have been developed to achieve maximum stability with the desired therapeutic action for the delivery of AD such as fast dissolving tablets, floating tablets, layered tablets, single-pill combinations, capsules, oral and transdermal films, suspensions, emulsions, mucoadhesive microspheres, gels, transdermal patches, and liposomal formulations.
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Abstract
The assessment of blood pressure (BP) can be challenging in children, especially in very young individuals, due to their variable body size and lack of cooperation. In the absence of data relating BP with cardiovascular outcomes in children, there is a need to convert absolute BP values (in mmHg) into age-, gender- and height appropriate BP percentiles or Z-scores in order to compare a patient's BP with the BP of healthy children of the same age, but also of children of different ages. Traditionally, the interpretation of BP has been based mainly on the assessment of the BP level obtained by office, home or 24-h BP monitoring. Recent studies suggest that it is not only BP level (i.e. average BP) but also BP variability that is clinically important for the development of target organ damage, including the progression of chronic kidney disease. In this review we describe current methods to evaluate of BP level, outline available methods for BP variability assessment and discuss the clinical consequences of BP variability, including its potential role in the management of hypertension.
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Tamura K, Kishio N, Haruhara K, Uneda K, Azushima K, Wakui H. Potential beneficial impact of angiotensin receptor blockers on arterial stiffness in hypertension. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:E564-E566. [PMID: 27500734 PMCID: PMC4958836 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.05.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kishio
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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Ohsawa M, Tamura K, Wakui H, Kanaoka T, Azushima K, Uneda K, Haku S, Kobayashi R, Ohki K, Haruhara K, Kinguchi S, Toya Y, Umemura S. Effects of pitavastatin add-on therapy on chronic kidney disease with albuminuria and dyslipidemia. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:161. [PMID: 26645467 PMCID: PMC4673714 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with dyslipidemia, statin therapy is recommended to prevent cardiovascular complications. Dyslipidemia has been also shown to be an independent risk factor for the progression of CKD. However, it is still unclear whether statin therapy exerts an inhibitory effect on renal deterioration in CKD patients with dyslipidemia. The purpose of the present study was to examine possible therapeutic effects of statin add-on therapy on renal function as well as parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism, arterial stiffness and oxidative stress, in comparison to diet therapy, in CKD patients with dyslipidemia. Methods This study was a randomized, open-label, and parallel-group trial consisted of a 12-months treatment period in non-dialysis CKD patients with alubuminuria and dyslipidemia. Twenty eight patients were randomly assigned either to receive diet counseling alone (diet therapy group) or diet counseling plus pitavastatin (diet-plus-statin therapy group), to achieve the LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) target of <100 mg/dl. Results The statin treatment by pitavastatin was well tolerated in all of the patients without any significant adverse events and the average dose of pitavastatin was 1.0 ± 0.0 mg daily after treatment. After the 12-months treatment period, LDL-C was significantly lower in the diet-plus-statin therapy group compared with the diet therapy group (diet vs diet-plus-statin: LDL-C, 126 ± 5 vs 83 ± 4 mg/dL, P < 0.001). On the other hand, the diet-plus-statin therapy did not significantly reduce albuminuria or delay the decline in eGFR compared with the diet therapy, and there was no relationship between the change in LDL-C and the change in eGFR or albuminuria. However, diet therapy as well as diet-plus-statin therapy exerted similar lowering effects on the pentosidine levels (diet therapy group, baseline vs 12 months: 40 ± 4 vs 24 ± 3 ng/mL, P = 0.001; diet-plus-statin therapy, 46 ± 7 vs 34 ± 6 ng/mL, P = 0.008). Furthermore, the results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that the change in pentosidine was a significant contributor to the change in eGFR (β = −0.536, P = 0.011). Conclusions Although statin add-on therapy did not show additive renal protective effects, the diet therapy as well as the diet-plus-statin therapy could contribute to the reduction in plasma pentosidine in CKD patients with albuminuria and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ohsawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan. .,Department of Nephrology, Yokohama Hodogaya Central Hospital, Yokohama, 240-8585, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Tomohiko Kanaoka
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Sona Haku
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kohji Ohki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Toya
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
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Azushima K, Tamura K, Haku S, Wakui H, Kanaoka T, Ohsawa M, Uneda K, Kobayashi R, Ohki K, Dejima T, Maeda A, Hashimoto T, Oshikawa J, Kobayashi Y, Nomura K, Azushima C, Takeshita Y, Fujino R, Uchida K, Shibuya K, Ando D, Tokita Y, Fujikawa T, Toya Y, Umemura S. Effects of the oriental herbal medicine Bofu-tsusho-san in obesity hypertension: A multicenter, randomized, parallel-group controlled trial (ATH-D-14-01021.R2). Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:297-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Qi Y, Zhang X. Determination of Enantiomeric Impurity of Levamlodipine Besylate Bulk Drug by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Carboxymethyl-β-Cyclodextrin. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70:1633-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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