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Matsui Y, Nagai M, Ying BW. Growth rate-associated transcriptome reorganization in response to genomic, environmental, and evolutionary interruptions. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1145673. [PMID: 37032868 PMCID: PMC10073601 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1145673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The genomic, environmental, and evolutionary interruptions caused the changes in bacterial growth, which were stringently associated with changes in gene expression. The growth and gene expression changes remained unclear in response to these interruptions that occurred combinative. As a pilot study, whether and how bacterial growth was affected by the individual and dual interruptions of genome reduction, environmental stress, and adaptive evolution were investigated. Growth assay showed that the presence of the environmental stressors, i.e., threonine and chloramphenicol, significantly decreased the growth rate of the wild-type Escherichia coli, whereas not that of the reduced genome. It indicated a canceling effect in bacterial growth due to the dual interruption of the genomic and environmental changes. Experimental evolution of the reduced genome released the canceling effect by improving growth fitness. Intriguingly, the transcriptome architecture maintained a homeostatic chromosomal periodicity regardless of the genomic, environmental, and evolutionary interruptions. Negative epistasis in transcriptome reorganization was commonly observed in response to the dual interruptions, which might contribute to the canceling effect. It was supported by the changes in the numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the enriched regulons and functions. Gene network analysis newly constructed 11 gene modules, one out of which was correlated to the growth rate. Enrichment of DEGs in these modules successfully categorized them into three types, i.e., conserved, responsive, and epistatic. Taken together, homeostasis in transcriptome architecture was essential to being alive, and it might be attributed to the negative epistasis in transcriptome reorganization and the functional differentiation in gene modules. The present study directly connected bacterial growth fitness with transcriptome reorganization and provided a global view of how microorganisms responded to genomic, environmental, and evolutionary interruptions for survival from wild nature.
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Hernández-Elvira M, Sunnerhagen P. Post-transcriptional regulation during stress. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:6585650. [PMID: 35561747 PMCID: PMC9246287 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To remain competitive, cells exposed to stress of varying duration, rapidity of onset, and intensity, have to balance their expenditure on growth and proliferation versus stress protection. To a large degree dependent on the time scale of stress exposure, the different levels of gene expression control: transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational, will be engaged in stress responses. The post-transcriptional level is appropriate for minute-scale responses to transient stress, and for recovery upon return to normal conditions. The turnover rate, translational activity, covalent modifications, and subcellular localisation of RNA species are regulated under stress by multiple cellular pathways. The interplay between these pathways is required to achieve the appropriate signalling intensity and prevent undue triggering of stress-activated pathways at low stress levels, avoid overshoot, and down-regulate the response in a timely fashion. As much of our understanding of post-transcriptional regulation has been gained in yeast, this review is written with a yeast bias, but attempts to generalise to other eukaryotes. It summarises aspects of how post-transcriptional events in eukaryotes mitigate short-term environmental stresses, and how different pathways interact to optimise the stress response under shifting external conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Hernández-Elvira
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Lundberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 462, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Per Sunnerhagen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Lundberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 462, S-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Agathokleous E, Barceló D, Iavicoli I, Tsatsakis A, Calabrese EJ. Disinfectant-induced hormesis: An unknown environmental threat of the application of disinfectants to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118429. [PMID: 34743965 PMCID: PMC8553406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Massive additional quantities of disinfectants have been applied during the COVID-19 pandemic as infection preventive and control measures. While the application of disinfectants plays a key role in preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the effects of disinfectants applied during the ongoing pandemic on non-target organisms remain unknown. Here we collated evidence from multiple studies showing that chemicals used for major disinfectant products can induce hormesis in various organisms, such as plants, animal cells, and microorganisms, when applied singly or in mixtures, suggesting potential ecological risks at sub-threshold doses that are normally considered safe. Among other effects, sub-threshold doses of disinfectant chemicals can enhance the proliferation and pathogenicity of pathogenic microbes, enhancing the development and spread of drug resistance. We opine that hormesis should be considered when evaluating the effects and risks of such disinfectants, especially since the linear-no-threshold (LNT) and threshold dose-response models cannot identify or predict their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Ningliu Rd. 219, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210044, China.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, C/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research, ICRA-CERCA, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | | | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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Chen P, Yang J, Xiao B, Zhang Y, Liu S, Zhu L. Mechanisms for the impacts of graphene oxide on the developmental toxicity and endocrine disruption induced by bisphenol A on zebrafish larvae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124867. [PMID: 33370691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The huge production and application of bisphenol A (BPA) and graphene oxide (GO) inevitably lead to their co-presence in aquatic ecosystems, which might cause joint toxic effects to aquatic organisms. Herein, zebrafish larvae at 3 d post fertilization (dpf) were exposed to BPA, GO, and their mixtures until 7 dpf. GO was ingested and localized in the gut. 5000 μg/L BPA alone induced distinct ultrastructure damage, which was alleviated by GO, indicating that GO reduced the developmental toxicity of BPA. The levels of endocrine-related genes and steroid hormones were all modulated to the greatest extent by 500 μg/L BPA, suggesting that BPA exhibited a remarkable endocrine disruption effect. However, the responses of some of these genes were recovered by GO, indicating that GO also alleviated the BPA-induced endocrine disruption. The mRNA levels of five genes in the extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathway, two in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, 18 in the metabolic pathways, and five in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway were distinctly altered by 5000 μg/L BPA, but most of them were recovered in the presence of GO. GO might relieve the BPA-induced developmental toxicity and endocrine disruption by recovering the genes related to the corresponding pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering of Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering of Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Bowen Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering of Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering of Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering of Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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González J, Castillo R, García-Campos MA, Noriega-Samaniego D, Escobar-Sánchez V, Romero-Aguilar L, Alba-Lois L, Segal-Kischinevzky C. Tolerance to Oxidative Stress in Budding Yeast by Heterologous Expression of Catalases A and T from Debaryomyces hansenii. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:4000-4015. [PMID: 33064189 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The function of catalases A and T from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScCta1 and ScCtt1) is to decompose hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to mitigate oxidative stress. Catalase orthologs are widely found in yeast, suggesting that scavenging H2O2 is crucial to avoid the oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the function of catalase orthologs has not yet been experimentally characterized in vivo. Here, we heterologously expressed Debaryomyces hansenii DhCTA1 and DhCTT1 genes, encoding ScCta1 and ScCtt1 orthologs, respectively, in a S. cerevisiae acatalasemic strain (cta1Δ ctt1Δ). We performed a physiological analysis evaluating growth, catalase activity, and H2O2 tolerance of the strains grown with glucose or ethanol as carbon source, as well as under NaCl stress. We found that both genes complement the catalase function in S. cerevisiae. Particularly, the strain harboring DhCTT1 showed improved growth when ethanol was used as carbon source both in the absence or presence of salt stress. This phenotype is attributed to the high catalase activity of DhCtt1 detected at the exponential growth phase, which prevents intracellular ROS accumulation and confers oxidative stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Román Castillo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Miguel Angel García-Campos
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Diego Noriega-Samaniego
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Viviana Escobar-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Lucero Romero-Aguilar
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luisa Alba-Lois
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia Segal-Kischinevzky
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México.
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Zhang Y, Calabrese EJ, Zhang J, Gao D, Qin M, Lin Z. A trigger mechanism of herbicides to phytoplankton blooms: From the standpoint of hormesis involving cytochrome b 559, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 173:115584. [PMID: 32062224 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cause of phytoplankton blooms has been extensively discussed and largely attributed to favorable external conditions such as nitrogen/phosphorus resources, pH and temperature. Here from the standpoint of hormesis response, we propose that phytoplankton blooms are initiated by stimulatory effects of low concentrations of herbicides as environmental contaminants spread over estuaries and lakes. The experimental results revealed general stimulations by herbicides on Microcystis aeruginosa and Selenastrum capricornutum, with the maximum stimulation in the 30-60% range, depending on the agent and experiment. In parallel with enhancing stimulation, the ratio of HP (high-potential) form to LP (low-potential) form of cytochrome b559 (RHL) was observed decreasing, while intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed increasing. We propose that the ROS originated from the thermodynamic transformation of cytochrome b559, enhancing the stimulatory response. Furthermore, the results also proved that thermodynamic states of cytochrome b559 could be modulated by nitric oxide, thus affecting cellular equilibrium of oxidative stress (OS) and correspondingly causing the inhibitory effect of higher concentrations of herbicides on phytoplankton. This suggests that hormesis substantially derives from equilibrium shifting of OS. Moreover, it is reasonable to infer that phytoplankton blooms would be motivated by herbicides or other environmental pollutants. This study provides a new thought into global phytoplankton blooms from a contaminant perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Junyi Zhang
- Wuxi Environmental Monitoring Centre, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengnan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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7
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Linkage mapping of yeast cross protection connects gene expression variation to a higher-order organismal trait. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007335. [PMID: 29649251 PMCID: PMC5978988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression variation is extensive in nature, and is hypothesized to play a major role in shaping phenotypic diversity. However, connecting differences in gene expression across individuals to higher-order organismal traits is not trivial. In many cases, gene expression variation may be evolutionarily neutral, and in other cases expression variation may only affect phenotype under specific conditions. To understand connections between gene expression variation and stress defense phenotypes, we have been leveraging extensive natural variation in the gene expression response to acute ethanol in laboratory and wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Previous work found that the genetic architecture underlying these expression differences included dozens of “hotspot” loci that affected many transcripts in trans. In the present study, we provide new evidence that one of these expression QTL hotspot loci affects natural variation in one particular stress defense phenotype—ethanol-induced cross protection against severe doses of H2O2. A major causative polymorphism is in the heme-activated transcription factor Hap1p, which we show directly impacts cross protection, but not the basal H2O2 resistance of unstressed cells. This provides further support that distinct cellular mechanisms underlie basal and acquired stress resistance. We also show that Hap1p-dependent cross protection relies on novel regulation of cytosolic catalase T (Ctt1p) during ethanol stress in a wild oak strain. Because ethanol accumulation precedes aerobic respiration and accompanying reactive oxygen species formation, wild strains with the ability to anticipate impending oxidative stress would likely be at an advantage. This study highlights how strategically chosen traits that better correlate with gene expression changes can improve our power to identify novel connections between gene expression variation and higher-order organismal phenotypes. A major goal in genetics is to understand how individuals with different genetic makeups respond to their environment. Understanding these “gene-environment interactions” is important for the development of personalized medicine. For example, gene-environment interactions can explain why some people are more sensitive to certain drugs or are more likely to get certain cancers. While the underlying causes of gene-environment interactions are unclear, one possibility is that differences in gene expression across individuals are responsible. In this study, we examined that possibility using baker’s yeast as a model. We were interested in a phenomenon called acquired stress resistance, where cells exposed to a mild dose of one stress can become resistant to an otherwise lethal dose of severe stress. This response is observed in diverse organisms ranging from bacteria to humans, though the specific mechanisms governing acquisition of higher stress resistance are poorly understood. To understand the differences between yeast strains with and without the ability to acquire further stress resistance, we employed genetic mapping. We found that part of the variation in acquired stress resistance was due to sequence differences in a key regulatory protein, thus providing new insight into how different individuals respond to acute environmental change.
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8
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Dolci GS, Rosa HZ, Vey LT, Pase CS, Barcelos RCS, Dias VT, Loebens L, Dalla Vecchia P, Bizzi CA, Baldisserotto B, Burger ME. Could hypoxia acclimation cause morphological changes and protect against Mn-induced oxidative injuries in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) even after reoxygenation? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:466-475. [PMID: 28238574 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to hypoxia has shown beneficial adjustments in different species, including silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen), especially in situations of aquatic contamination with pollutants such as manganese (Mn). Considering that hypoxia is seasonal in the natural aquatic environment, we decided to assess whether these adaptive mechanisms could be maintained when reoxygenation is established. Silver catfish acclimated to moderate hypoxia (∼3 mg L-1, 41% O2 saturation) for 10 days and subsequently exposed to Mn (∼8.1 mg L-1) for additional 10 days displayed lower (47%) Mn accumulation in the gills, and it was maintained (62.6%) after reoxygenation, in comparison to normoxia. Oxidative status in the gills allowed us to observe increased reactive species (RS) generation and protein carbonyl (PC) level together with decreased mitochondrial viability induced by Mn under normoxia. Inversely, while hypoxia per se was beneficial on RS generation and PC level, this acclimation was able to minimize Mn toxicity, as observed by the minor increase of RS generation and the minor reduction of mitochondrial viability, together with decreased PC level. Interestingly, after reoxygenation, part of the protective influences observed during hypoxia against Mn toxicity were maintained, as observed through a lower level of PC and higher mitochondrial viability in relation to the group exposed to Mn under normoxia. Only groups exposed to Mn under hypoxia showed increased activity of both catalase (CAT) and Na+/K+-ATPase in the gills, but, while CAT activity remained increased after reoxygenation, Na+/K+-ATPase activity was decreased by Mn, regardless of the oxygen level. Based on these outcomes, it is possible to propose that environment events of moderate hypoxia are able to generate rearrangements in the gills of silver catfish exposed to Mn, whose influence persists after water reoxygenation. These responses may be related to the adaptive development, reducing Mn toxicity to silver catfish. Moderate hypoxia generates rearrangements in the gills of Silver catfish, exerting beneficial and persistent protection against Mn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Dolci
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - H Z Rosa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - L T Vey
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - C S Pase
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - R C S Barcelos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - V T Dias
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - L Loebens
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - P Dalla Vecchia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - C A Bizzi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - B Baldisserotto
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - M E Burger
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia - UFSM, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, Santa Maria, 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
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9
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Growth on Alpha-Ketoglutarate Increases Oxidative Stress Resistance in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Microbiol 2017; 2017:5792192. [PMID: 28154578 PMCID: PMC5244014 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5792192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is an important intermediate in cell metabolism, linking anabolic and catabolic processes. The effect of exogenous AKG on stress resistance in S. cerevisiae cells was studied. The growth on AKG increased resistance of yeast cells to stresses, but the effects depended on AKG concentration and type of stressor. Wild-type yeast cells grown on AKG were more resistant to hydrogen peroxide, menadione, and transition metal ions (Fe2+ and Cu2+) but not to ethanol and heat stress as compared with control ones. Deficiency in SODs or catalases abolished stress-protective effects of AKG. AKG-supplemented growth led to higher values of total metabolic activity, level of low-molecular mass thiols, and activities of catalase and glutathione reductase in wild-type cells compared with the control. The results suggest that exogenous AKG may enhance cell metabolism leading to induction of mild oxidative stress. It turn, it results in activation of antioxidant system that increases resistance of S. cerevisiae cells to H2O2 and other stresses. The presence of genes encoding SODs or catalases is required for the expression of protective effects of AKG.
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10
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Sthijns MMJPE, Weseler AR, Bast A, Haenen GRMM. Time in Redox Adaptation Processes: From Evolution to Hormesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101649. [PMID: 27690013 PMCID: PMC5085682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Life on Earth has to adapt to the ever changing environment. For example, due to introduction of oxygen in the atmosphere, an antioxidant network evolved to cope with the exposure to oxygen. The adaptive mechanisms of the antioxidant network, specifically the glutathione (GSH) system, are reviewed with a special focus on the time. The quickest adaptive response to oxidative stress is direct enzyme modification, increasing the GSH levels or activating the GSH-dependent protective enzymes. After several hours, a hormetic response is seen at the transcriptional level by up-regulating Nrf2-mediated expression of enzymes involved in GSH synthesis. In the long run, adaptations occur at the epigenetic and genomic level; for example, the ability to synthesize GSH by phototrophic bacteria. Apparently, in an adaptive hormetic response not only the dose or the compound, but also time, should be considered. This is essential for targeted interventions aimed to prevent diseases by successfully coping with changes in the environment e.g., oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille M J P E Sthijns
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Antje R Weseler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Aalt Bast
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Guido R M M Haenen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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11
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Johnston-Carey HK, Pomatto LCD, Davies KJA. The Immunoproteasome in oxidative stress, aging, and disease. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 51:268-81. [PMID: 27098648 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2016.1172554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Immunoproteasome has traditionally been viewed primarily for its role in peptide production for antigen presentation by the major histocompatibility complex, which is critical for immunity. However, recent research has shown that the Immunoproteasome is also very important for the clearance of oxidatively damaged proteins in homeostasis, and especially during stress and disease. The importance of the Immunoproteasome in protein degradation has become more evident as diseases characterized by protein aggregates have also been linked to deficiencies of the Immunoproteasome. Additionally, there are now diseases defined by mutations or polymorphisms within Immunoproteasome-specific subunit genes, further suggesting its crucial role in cytokine signaling and protein homeostasis (or "proteostasis"). The purpose of this review is to highlight our growing understanding of the importance of the Immunoproteasome in the management of protein quality control, and the detrimental impact of its dysregulation during disease and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Johnston-Carey
- a Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center , The University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Laura C D Pomatto
- a Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center , The University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- a Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center , The University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA ;,b Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, & Sciences , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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12
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Semchyshyn HM, Valishkevych BV. Hormetic Effect of H2O2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Involvement of TOR and Glutathione Reductase. Dose Response 2016; 14:1559325816636130. [PMID: 27099601 PMCID: PMC4822199 DOI: 10.1177/1559325816636130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the relationship between target of rapamycin (TOR) and H2O2-induced hormetic response in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on glucose or fructose. In general, our data suggest that: (1) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induces hormesis in a TOR-dependent manner; (2) the H2O2-induced hormetic dose-response in yeast depends on the type of carbohydrate in growth medium; (3) the concentration-dependent effect of H2O2 on yeast colony growth positively correlates with the activity of glutathione reductase that suggests the enzyme involvement in the H2O2-induced hormetic response; and (4) both TOR1 and TOR2 are involved in the reciprocal regulation of the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glyoxalase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halyna M Semchyshyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Bohdana V Valishkevych
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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13
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Święciło A. Cross-stress resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast--new insight into an old phenomenon. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:187-200. [PMID: 26825800 PMCID: PMC4786536 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired stress resistance is the result of mild stress causing the acquisition of resistance to severe stress of the same or a different type. The mechanism of "same-stress" resistance (resistance to a second, strong stress after mild primary stress of the same type) probably depends on the activation of defense and repair mechanisms specific for a particular type of stress, while cross-stress resistance (i.e., resistance to a second, strong stress after a different type of mild primary stress) is the effect of activation of both a specific and general stress response program, which in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast is known as the environmental stress response (ESR). Advancements in research techniques have made it possible to study the mechanism of cross-stress resistance at various levels of cellular organization: stress signal transduction pathways, regulation of gene expression, and transcription or translation processes. As a result of this type of research, views on the cross-stress protection mechanism have been reconsidered. It was originally thought that cross-stress resistance, irrespective of the nature of the two stresses, was determined by universal mechanisms, i.e., the same mechanisms within the general stress response. They are now believed to be more specific and strictly dependent on the features of the first stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Święciło
- Faculty of Agrobioengineering, Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Leszczynskiego 7, 20-069, Lublin, Poland.
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14
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Carbon Sources for Yeast Growth as a Precondition of Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Hormetic Phenotype. Int J Microbiol 2015; 2015:697813. [PMID: 26843865 PMCID: PMC4710903 DOI: 10.1155/2015/697813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormesis is a phenomenon of particular interest in biology, medicine, pharmacology, and toxicology. In this study, we investigated the relationship between H2O2-induced hormetic response in S. cerevisiae and carbon sources in yeast growth medium. In general, our data indicate that (i) hydrogen peroxide induces hormesis in a concentration-dependent manner; (ii) the effect of hydrogen peroxide on yeast reproductive ability depends on the type of carbon substrate in growth medium; and (iii) metabolic and growth rates as well as catalase activity play an important role in H2O2-induced hormetic response in yeast.
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15
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Bayliak MM, Burdylyuk NI, Lushchak VI. Quercetin increases stress resistance in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae not only as an antioxidant. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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16
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Amir Levy Y, Ciaraldi TP, Mudaliar SR, Phillips SA, Henry RR. Excessive secretion of IL-8 by skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes impairs tube growth: potential role of PI3K and the Tie2 receptor. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E22-34. [PMID: 25944879 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00513.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reduced capillary density is a feature of skeletal muscle (SkM) in type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is associated with multiple metabolic and functional abnormalities. SkM has been identified as a secretory tissue, releasing myokines that regulate multiple processes, including vascularization. We sought to determine how myokines secreted from T2D myotubes might influence SkM angiogenesis. Conditioned media (CM) were generated by myotubes from T2D and nondiabetic (ND) subjects. Primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC) and SkM explants were exposed to CM or recombinant myokines, and tube number or capillary outgrowth was determined as well as measurement of protein expression and phosphorylation. CM from ND myotubes stimulated tube formation of HUVEC to a greater extent than T2D myotubes (T2D-CM = 100%, ND-CM = 288 ± 90% after 48 h, P < 0.05). The effects of T2D myotube CM were mediated by IL-8, not IL-15 or GROα, and were due not to cell damage but rather through regulating tube production and maintenance (response to T2D-IL-8 = 100%, response to ND-IL-8 = 263 ± 46% after 48 h, P < 0.05). A similar effect was seen in SkM explants with exposure to IL-8. The dose-dependent effect of IL-8 on tube formation was also observable in the PI3K and FAK signaling pathways and mediated at least in part by PI3K, leading to regulation of Tie2 expression. These results suggest that elevated levels of IL-8 secreted from T2D myotubes create a muscle microenvironment that supports reduced capillarization in T2D. Impaired vascularization of SkM limits the availability of substrates, including glucose and contributes to the T2D phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Amir Levy
- Center for Metabolic Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; and Departments of Medicine and
| | - Theodore P Ciaraldi
- Center for Metabolic Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; and Departments of Medicine and
| | - Sunder R Mudaliar
- Center for Metabolic Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; and Departments of Medicine and
| | - Susan A Phillips
- Center for Metabolic Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Robert R Henry
- Center for Metabolic Research, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; and Departments of Medicine and
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17
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Torelli NQ, Ferreira-Júnior JR, Kowaltowski AJ, da Cunha FM. RTG1- and RTG2-dependent retrograde signaling controls mitochondrial activity and stress resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 81:30-7. [PMID: 25578655 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial retrograde signaling is a communication pathway between the mitochondrion and the nucleus that regulates the expression of a subset of nuclear genes that codify mitochondrial proteins, mediating cell response to mitochondrial dysfunction. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the pathway depends on Rtg1p and Rtg3p, which together form the transcription factor that regulates gene expression, and Rtg2p, an activator of the pathway. Here, we provide novel studies aimed at assessing the functional impact of the lack of RTG-dependent signaling on mitochondrial activity. We show that mutants defective in RTG-dependent retrograde signaling present higher oxygen consumption and reduced hydrogen peroxide release in the stationary phase compared to wild-type cells. Interestingly, RTG mutants are less able to decompose hydrogen peroxide or maintain viability when challenged with hydrogen peroxide. Overall, our results indicate that RTG signaling is involved in the hormetic induction of antioxidant defenses and stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Quesada Torelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 Cidade Universitária, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 Cidade Universitária, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Marques da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04044-020 Vila Clementino, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Lushchak VI. Free radicals, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress and its classification. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 224:164-75. [PMID: 25452175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 865] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) initially considered as only damaging agents in living organisms further were found to play positive roles also. This paper describes ROS homeostasis, principles of their investigation and technical approaches to investigate ROS-related processes. Especial attention is paid to complications related to experimental documentation of these processes, their diversity, spatiotemporal distribution, relationships with physiological state of the organisms. Imbalance between ROS generation and elimination in favor of the first with certain consequences for cell physiology has been called "oxidative stress". Although almost 30years passed since the first definition of oxidative stress was introduced by Helmut Sies, to date we have no accepted classification of oxidative stress. In order to fill up this gape here classification of oxidative stress based on its intensity is proposed. Due to that oxidative stress may be classified as basal oxidative stress (BOS), low intensity oxidative stress (LOS), intermediate intensity oxidative stress (IOS), and high intensity oxidative stress (HOS). Another classification of potential interest may differentiate three categories such as mild oxidative stress (MOS), temperate oxidative stress (TOS), and finally severe (strong) oxidative stress (SOS). Perspective directions of investigations in the field include development of sophisticated classification of oxidative stresses, accurate identification of cellular ROS targets and their arranged responses to ROS influence, real in situ functions and operation of so-called "antioxidants", intracellular spatiotemporal distribution and effects of ROS, deciphering of molecular mechanisms responsible for cellular response to ROS attacks, and ROS involvement in realization of normal cellular functions in cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Precarpathian National University named after Vassyl Stefanyk, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk 76025, Ukraine.
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Abstract
The relationship between the dose of an effector and the biological response frequently is not described by a linear function and, moreover, in some cases the dose-response relationship may change from positive/adverse to adverse/positive with increasing dose. This complicated relationship is called "hormesis". This paper provides a short analysis of the concept along with a description of used approaches to characterize hormetic relationships. The whole hormetic curve can be divided into three zones: I - a lag-zone where no changes are observed with increasing dose; II - a zone where beneficial/adverse effects are observed, and III - a zone where the effects are opposite to those seen in zone II. Some approaches are proposed to analyze the molecular components involved in the development of the hormetic character of dose-response relationships with the use of specific genetic lines or inhibitors of regulatory pathways. The discussion is then extended to suggest a new parameter (half-width of the hormetic curve at zone II) for quantitative characterization of the hormetic curve. The problems limiting progress in the development of the hormesis concept such as low reproducibility and predictability may be solved, at least partly, by deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the hormetic dose-effect relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76025, Ukraine
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