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Nabih HK, Yücer R, Mahmoud N, Dawood M, Elbadawi M, Shahhamzehei N, Atia MAM, AbdelSadik A, Hussien TA, Ibrahim MAA, Klauck SM, Hegazy MEF, Efferth T. The cytotoxic activities of the major diterpene extracted from Salvia multicaulis (Bardakosh) are mediated by the regulation of heat-shock response and fatty acid metabolism pathways in human leukemia cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 135:156023. [PMID: 39368339 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemia is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide and represents the sixth-leading cause of cancer deaths. The results of leukemia treatment have not been as positive as desired, and recurrence is common. PURPOSE Thus, there is an urgent requirement for the development of new therapeutic drugs. Salvia multicaulis (Bardakosh) is a widespread species that contains multiple phytochemical components with anti-cancer activities. METHODS We isolated and characterized the major diterpene candesalvone B methyl ester from S. multicaulis and investigated its action as a cytotoxic agent towards sensitive and drug-resistant leukemia cells by the resazurin reduction assay. Additionally, the targeted genes and the affected molecular mechanisms attributed to the potent cytotoxic activities were discovered by transcriptome-wide mRNA expression profiling. The targets predicted to be regulated by candesalvone B methyl ester in each cell line were confirmed by qRT-PCR, molecular docking, microscale thermophoresis, and western blotting. Moreover, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Candesalvone B methyl ester was cytotoxic with IC50 values of 20.95 ± 0.15 µM against CCRF-CEM cells and 4.13 ± 0.10 µM against multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells. The pathway enrichment analysis disclosed that candesalvone B methyl ester could regulate the heat-shock response signaling pathway via targeting heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in CCRF-CEM cells and ELOVL fatty acid elongase 5 (ELOVL5) controls the fatty acid metabolism pathway in CEM/ADR5000 cells. Microscale thermophoresis showed the binding of candesalvone B methyl ester with HSF1 and ELOVL5, confirming the results of molecular docking analysis. Down-regulation of both HSF1 and ELOVL5 by candesalvone B methyl ester as detected by both western blotting and RT-qPCR was related to the reversal of drug resistance in the leukemia cells. Furthermore, candesalvone B methyl ester increased the arrest in the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle in a dose-dependent manner from 1.3 % to 32.3 % with concomitant induction of apoptosis up to 29.0 % in CCRF-CEM leukemic cells upon inhibition of HSF1. CONCLUSION Candesalvone B methyl ester isolated from S. multicaulis exerted cytotoxicity by affecting apoptosis, cell division, and modulation of expression levels of genes contributing to the heat stress signaling and fatty acid metabolism pathways that could relieve drug resistance of leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba K Nabih
- National Research Centre, Medical Biochemistry Department, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Rümeysa Yücer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nuha Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mona Dawood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed Elbadawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nasim Shahhamzehei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamed A M Atia
- Molecular Genetics and Genome Mapping Laboratory, Genome Mapping Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Ahmed AbdelSadik
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, 81528 Aswan, Egypt; Molecular Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Advanced Basic Sciences, Galala University, 43552, New Galala, Egypt
| | - Taha A Hussien
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New Assiut City, Assiut 10, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sabine M Klauck
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F Hegazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; National Research Centre, Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Rodwattanagul S, Sasarom M, Riangjanapatee P, Anuchapreeda S, Okonogi S. Antioxidant activity of Sophora exigua and liposome development of its powerful extract. Drug Discov Ther 2024; 18:150-159. [PMID: 38777765 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2024.01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Sophora exigua (SE) was sequentially extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The obtained extracts were tested for antioxidant activity. Among them, the fractionated ethyl acetate extract (SE-EA) showed the highest potential in free radical scavenging and ferric-reducing properties. The chemical analysis identified sophoraflavanone G as one of the active ingredients in SE-EA. According to SE-EA solubility, SE-EA liposomes were developed using a sonication-assisted thin film method. Cholesterol and phospholipids were used as the main compositions of the liposomes. The obtained liposomes were spherical with different nano-size ranges, size distribution, and zeta potential depending on SE-EA and total lipid concentrations. SE-EA liposomes were slightly bigger than their empty liposomes. All liposomes exhibited a phospholipid crystalline structure. Cholesterol and SE-EA existed in the liposomes as an amorphous state. SE-EA liposomes with high total lipid content exhibited high entrapment efficiency and sustained release behavior. Whereas liposomes with low total lipid content showed low entrapment efficiency and fast-release behavior. All SE-EA liposomes showed stronger antioxidant activity than the non-entrapped SE-EA. In conclusion, SE-EA is a natural source of potent antioxidants. The developed SE-EA liposomes are a promising pharmaceutical formulation to efficiently deliver the active ingredients of SE-EA and are suitable for further study in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Rodwattanagul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Mathurada Sasarom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pornthida Riangjanapatee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cancer Research Unit of Associated Medical Sciences (AMS CRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Nasori N, Firdhaus M, Farahdina U, Khamimatul Ula R. Optimizing tumor treating fields for blood cancer therapy: Analysis of electric field distribution and dose density. Biophys Physicobiol 2024; 21:e210013. [PMID: 39206129 PMCID: PMC11347819 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v21.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood cancer is a condition in which white blood cells grow uncontrollably. Tumor treating fields (TTF) are a modality of cancer treatment that utilizes electric fields to target malignant cells. To optimize the efficacy of TTF, it is necessary to investigate the distribution of electric field through varying electrode configurations and input parameters. This allows for enhancement of electric field intensity in targeted areas while minimizing intensity in sensitive areas. Analysis of electric field distribution was conducted through simulation of brachial models with varying electrode configurations and input parameters, utilizing the COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 software. Additionally, investigations were carried out to assess tissue dose density. The dose density value at primary target for all electrode configurations and input parameters do not exceed the threshold value (770 W/m3), whereas the electric field value at the primary target satisfied the threshold value (100 V/m) on the system that used 4 plate-shaped electrodes and arm contour-shaped electrodes with an input voltage of 20 V, and at the input voltage 15 V, only 4 arm contour-shaped electrodes that satisfied the threshold value. An increase in input voltage, electrodes addition, and electrodes adjustment to skin contour shape result in an enhancement of electric field distribution and average electric field value at primary targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasori Nasori
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty Science and Data Analytic, Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Miftakhul Firdhaus
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty Science and Data Analytic, Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Ulya Farahdina
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty Science and Data Analytic, Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Rini Khamimatul Ula
- Research Center Of Electronics, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia and Nusa Putra University, Sukabumi, Indonesia
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Norkaew C, Subkorn P, Chatupheeraphat C, Roytrakul S, Tanyong D. Pinostrobin, a fingerroot compound, regulates miR-181b-5p and induces acute leukemic cell apoptosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8084. [PMID: 37208425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinostrobin (PN) is the most abundant flavonoid found in fingerroot. Although the anti-leukemic properties of PN have been reported, its mechanisms are still unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that function in posttranscriptional silencing and are increasingly being used in cancer therapy. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of PN on proliferation inhibition and induction of apoptosis, as well as the involvement of miRNAs in PN-mediated apoptosis in acute leukemia. The results showed that PN reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in acute leukemia cells via both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. A bioinformatics approach and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), one of the p53 activators that responds to DNA damage-induced apoptosis, is a crucial target of PN. Four prediction tools were used to predict ATM-regulated miRNAs; miR-181b-5p was the most likely candidate. The reduction in miR-181b-5 after PN treatment was found to trigger ATM, resulting in cellular apoptosis. Therefore, PN could be developed as a drug for acute leukemia; in addition, miR-181b-5p and ATM may be promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chosita Norkaew
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Paweena Subkorn
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Chatupheeraphat
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Dalina Tanyong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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Norkaew C, Roytrakul S, Charoenlappanit S, Thaisakun S, Tanyong D. Pinostrobin induces acute leukemia cell apoptosis via the regulation of miR-410-5p and SFRP5. Life Sci 2023; 325:121739. [PMID: 37164308 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study attempted to explore the mechanisms involved in pinostrobin (PN)-mediated acute leukemia cell apoptosis regulated by miR-410-5p. MATERIAL AND METHODS NB4 and MOLT-4 cells were cultured and treated with PN at the IC50 concentration. Apoptosis was examined by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. RT-qPCR was used to measure the expression of caspase-3, BAK, BCL-W, and MCL-1. The target protein of PN was identified using LC-MS/MS followed by bioinformatic analysis. TargetScan, DIANA, and miRDB were used for the prediction of miRNAs involved in the PN-induced apoptosis mechanism. miRNA mimic transfection, RT-qPCR, and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the regulatory effect of miRNA on its target and the involvement of miRNA in apoptosis induction by PN. In addition, the synergistic effect of PN and daunorubicin (DNR) were investigated by using the MTT assay. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that PN reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in both leukemia cell lines. From the LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis, SFRP5 and miR-410-5p were selected as a potential PN target protein and miRNA, respectively. After miRNA mimic transfection, miR-410-5p, which is an onco-miRNA, was decreased and led to increased apoptosis in both cell lines, indicating that this miRNA is involved in PN-mediated apoptosis mechanisms. Moreover, PN demonstrated a synergistic effect with DNR, suggesting that PN may be used in combination with conventional chemotherapy drugs. SIGNIFICANCE PN regulates the expression of miR-410-5p and SFRP5 to promote apoptosis in acute leukemia cells. It could be developed as an alternative treatment for leukemia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chosita Norkaew
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sawanya Charoenlappanit
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Thaisakun
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Dalina Tanyong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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Hou J, Bhat AM, Ahmad S, Raza K, Qazi S. In silico Analysis of ACE2 Receptor to Find Potential Herbal Drugs in COVID-19 Associated Neurological Dysfunctions. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221118549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 mainly causes the collapse of the pulmonary system thereby causing a dearth of oxygen in the human body. Patients infected with this viral disease have been reported to experience various signs and symptoms associated with brain dysfunction, from the feeling of vagueness to loss of smell and taste to severe strokes. These neurological problems have been reported by younger COVID-19 infected patients mainly in their thirties and forties. Various researchers from around the globe have discerned numerous other brain dysfunctions, such as headache, dizziness, numbness, major depressive disorder, anosmia, encephalitis, febrile seizures, and Guillain-Barre syndrome. The involvement of the CNS by this viral infection has been predicted to be for a longer period of time, even if the patient recovers from COVID-19. The neuronal cell damage caused by COVID-19 is a potent factor responsible for cognitive, behavioral, and psychological problems among its sufferers. The hypoxic conditions can also trigger the formation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau-tangles and thus the virus can even induce Alzheimer’s in patients in the near future. The virus affects the brain directly, thereby causing encephalitis. This pandemic has also been shown to have a negative psychological toll on people. This research aims to highlight the brain dysfunction associated with the ACE2 receptor that is known to be a crucial player in the COVID-19 pandemic using genetic networking approaches. Furthermore, we have identified herbal drug candidates that bind to the ACE2 receptor in order to identify potential treatments for the neurological manifestations of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hou
- Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong, University School of Medicine (Preparatory Stage), Shanghai, China
| | - Adil Manzoor Bhat
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaban Ahmad
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Khalid Raza
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sahar Qazi
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Subkorn P, Norkaew C, Deesrisak K, Tanyong D. Punicalagin, a pomegranate compound, induces apoptosis and autophagy in acute leukemia. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12303. [PMID: 34760363 PMCID: PMC8570173 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Punicalagin is the major phenolic compound found in pomegranate peels. It has several reported medical benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The present study investigated the anti-leukemic effects and the molecular mechanism of punicalagin on NB4 and MOLT-4 leukemic cell lines. Methods Leukemic cells were treated with punicalagin and cell viability was determined using MTS assay. Apoptosis and autophagy were analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/PI and anti-LC3/FITC antibodies staining, respectively. Apoptotic and autophagic mRNA expression were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. STITCH bioinformatics tools were used to predict the interaction between punicalagin and its proposed target proteins. Results Results indicated that punicalagin decreased NB4 and MOLT-4 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Punicalagin, in combination with daunorubicin, exhibited synergistic cytotoxic effects. Punicalagin induced apoptosis through the upregulation of caspase-3/-8/-9, Bax and the downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. Punicalagin also promoted autophagy via the downregulation of mTOR and the upregulation of ULK1 expression. Cyclooxygenase-2 and toll-like receptor 4 were found to be involved in punicalagin-induced cell death in punicalagin-targeted protein interactions. Conclusions These results suggest that punicalagin exerts cytotoxic activities by suppressing proliferation and promoting apoptosis and autophagy by activating the caspase cascade, altering Bax and Bcl-2, and regulating autophagy via mTOR/ULK1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweena Subkorn
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chosita Norkaew
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kamolchanok Deesrisak
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Dalina Tanyong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Maher T, Ahmad Raus R, Daddiouaissa D, Ahmad F, Adzhar NS, Latif ES, Abdulhafiz F, Mohammed A. Medicinal Plants with Anti-Leukemic Effects: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092741. [PMID: 34066963 PMCID: PMC8124366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a leukocyte cancer that is characterized by anarchic growth of immature immune cells in the bone marrow, blood and spleen. There are many forms of leukemia, and the best course of therapy and the chance of a patient’s survival depend on the type of leukemic disease. Different forms of drugs have been used to treat leukemia. Due to the adverse effects associated with such therapies and drug resistance, the search for safer and more effective drugs remains one of the most challenging areas of research. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are important to improving outcomes. Almost half of the drugs utilized nowadays in treating cancer are from natural products and their derivatives. Medicinal plants have proven to be an effective natural source of anti-leukemic drugs. The cytotoxicity and the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of these plants to leukemic cells and their isolated compounds were investigated. Effort has been made throughout this comprehensive review to highlight the recent developments and milestones achieved in leukemia therapies using plant-derived compounds and the crude extracts from various medicinal plants. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of these plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Maher
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia; (T.M.); (R.A.R.); (D.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Raha Ahmad Raus
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia; (T.M.); (R.A.R.); (D.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Djabir Daddiouaissa
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia; (T.M.); (R.A.R.); (D.D.); (F.A.)
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), Level 3, KICT Building, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia
| | - Farah Ahmad
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia; (T.M.); (R.A.R.); (D.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Noor Suhana Adzhar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia, Pekan Pahang, Kuantan 26600, Malaysia;
| | - Elda Surhaida Latif
- Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Ferid Abdulhafiz
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan 17600, Malaysia;
| | - Arifullah Mohammed
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan 17600, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
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Deesrisak K, Chatupheeraphat C, Roytrakul S, Anurathapan U, Tanyong D. Autophagy and apoptosis induction by sesamin in MOLT-4 and NB4 leukemia cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:32. [PMID: 33262824 PMCID: PMC7693381 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesamin, the major furofuran lignan found in the seeds of Sesamum indicum L., has been investigated for its various medicinal properties. In the present study, the anti-leukemic effects of sesamin and its underlying mechanisms were investigated in MOLT-4 and NB4 acute leukemic cells. Leukemic cells were treated with various concentrations of sesamin. Cell viability was determined using an MTT assay. Flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and anti-LC3/FITC antibodies was applied to detect the level of apoptosis and autophagy, respectively. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to examine the alterations in the mRNA expression of apoptotic and autophagic genes. In addition, bioinformatics tools were used to predict the possible interactions between sesamin and its targets. The results revealed that sesamin inhibited MOLT-4 and NB4 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, sesamin induced both apoptosis and autophagy. In sesamin-treated cells, the gene expression levels of caspase 3 and unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) were upregulated, while those of mTOR were downregulated compared with in the control. Notably, the protein-chemical interaction network indicated that caspase 3, mTOR and ULK1 were the essential factors involved in the effects of sesamin treatment, as with anticancer agents, such as rapamycin, AZD8055, Torin1 and 2. Overall, the findings of the present study suggested that sesamin inhibited MOLT-4 and NB4 cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis and autophagy through the regulation of caspase 3 and mTOR/ULK1 signaling, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamolchanok Deesrisak
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Chatupheeraphat
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Usanarat Anurathapan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Dalina Tanyong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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Asemani Y, Zamani N, Bayat M, Amirghofran Z. Allium vegetables for possible future of cancer treatment. Phytother Res 2019; 33:3019-3039. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Asemani
- Department of ImmunologyShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Nasrindokht Zamani
- Research Center for Persian Medicine and History MedicineShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Maryam Bayat
- Department of ImmunologyShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Zahra Amirghofran
- Department of ImmunologyShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Autoimmune Diseases Research CenterShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research CenterShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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Dandashire BS, Magashi AM, Abdulkadir B, Abbas MA, Goni MD, Yakubu A. Toxicological studies and bioactivity-guided identification of antimicrobially active compounds from crude aqueous stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielii. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:183-192. [PMID: 31453189 PMCID: PMC6702886 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to isolate, identify, and quantify the active antimicrobial compounds present in the crude aqueous stem bark extract of B. dalzielii using some common pathogenic microorganisms as well as toxicological profile. MATERIAL AND METHODS Crude aqueous stem bark extract of Boswellia dalzielii (CASEB) was partitioned by preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) using chloroform-methanol-water, 8:2:1 (v/v). The resulting bands were extracted using chloroform-methanol (50:50). The extract of each band was evaluated for antimicrobial activity on Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, and Candida albicans by disc diffusion. Compounds in the most antimicrobially bioactive fraction (MAAF) were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Toxicological profile of the CASEB was evaluated by studying its effect in albino Wister rats. RESULTS PTLC produced five bands/fractions of which the MAAF was identified as RF2-fraction being active against all the isolates except E. coli and K. pneumoniae. HPLC of the MAAF revealed seven components; FT-IR revealed 17 functional groups; GC-MS revealed five compounds of which 93.18% are Oleic acid (44.88%), Squalene (34.16%), and n-Hexadecanoic acid (14.14%). The acute toxicity showed LD50 > 3,000 mg/kg. Sub-chronic toxicity showed that higher doses of the CASEB caused significant changes in liver function indices and a fatty change with lymphocytic infiltration (sign of acute hepatitis) in the liver tissues, but none of these changes were observed in the kidneys. CONCLUSION The antimicrobially active compounds in CASEB were Oleic acid, Squalene, and n-Hexadecanoic acid. These can be further purified and used as precursors of new antimicrobial agents for treating infections especially those due to fungi and Pseudomonas spp. that are known to resist wide array of antimicrobial agents. The LD50 of CASEB is >3,000 mg/kg in rats. However, long-term consumption of CASEB is associated with significant liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bashir Abdulkadir
- Department of Microbiology, Umaru Musa Yaradua University, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad Adamu Abbas
- Department of Human Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Dauda Goni
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdulmalik Yakubu
- Department of Microbiology, Umaru Musa Yaradua University, Katsina, Nigeria
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Ayatollahi A, Rahmati J, Salimi A, Pourahmad J. A Comparison of Cytotoxic Effects of Mangifera Indica L. and Juglans RegiaAqueous Extract on Human Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:1843-1853. [PMID: 32184851 PMCID: PMC7059048 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.111977.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural products isolated from plant sources are well known for their pharmacological potential in diversity of disease treatments such as inflammatory or cancer conditions. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and Juglans regia are thought to be rich of functional phytochemicals. To clarify the anticancer activity, aqueous extracts of Juglans regia (JR) nut and Mangifera indica L (MI) fruit were exanimated on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B lymphocytes and their mitochondria and the results were compared with those of normal B lymphocytes. Cellular parameters such as viability and caspase 3 activity, and mitochondrial parameters such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial swelling, and cytochrome c release were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that the extract of Mangifera indica L increased cytotoxicity and caspase 3 activation through mitochondria pathway only in CLL B lymphocytes and also the extract of Juglans regia did not show cytotoxicity and caspase 3 activation on CLL and healthy B lymphocytes. Our in-vitro findings on isolated mitochondria indicated that mitochondrial ROS formation, MMP collapse, and mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release were significantly (p < 0.05) increased after addition of Mangifera indica only in cancerous mitochondria. These results demonstrated that Mangifera indica can act as a promising source for anti-cancer drug candidates by directly and selectively targeting mitochondria and inducing selective mitochondria mediated apoptosis on CLL B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollmajid Ayatollahi
- School of Pharmacy, Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jalil Rahmati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chotsampancharoen T, Sripornsawan P, Duangchu S, Wongchanchailert M, McNeil E. Survival Outcome of Alternative Medicine Treatment for Newly Diagnosed Acute Leukemia in Children. Acta Haematol 2018; 140:203-208. [PMID: 30343295 DOI: 10.1159/000493417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is scarce information on the efficacy of alternative medicine (AM) alone as a treatment for newly diagnosed acute leukemia in children. We aimed to compare overall survival (OS) between children with newly diagnosed acute leukemia who received AM alone as the first-line treatment and those treated with conventional chemotherapy (CCT). METHODS Two-to-one nearest-neighbor propensity score-matching using sex, initial white blood cell count, phenotype of leukemia, and period of diagnosis was performed on 184 patients who received CCT and 92 who received AM alone after being diagnosed with leukemia. A multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression model was then applied to assess the effect of treatment on OS after adjusting for potential confounders. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are provided. RESULTS After adjusting for initial white cell count and subtype of leukemia, children treated with AM alone had worse OS (HR 5.14, 95% CI 3.75-7.04) than those given CCT. The 5-year OS rate for newly diagnosed acute leukemia treated with AM medicine alone was 0%. CONCLUSION AM without CCT is associated with poorer survival when compared with CCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pornpun Sripornsawan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Sarapee Duangchu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Malai Wongchanchailert
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Edward McNeil
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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Bolarinwa RA, Olowookere SA, Owojuyigbe TO, Origbo EC, Durosinmi MA. Challenges to Care and Medication Adherence of Patients With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in a Resource Limited Setting: A Qualitative Study. J Patient Exp 2018; 5:195-200. [PMID: 30214926 PMCID: PMC6134545 DOI: 10.1177/2374373517748641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The factors related to care of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) often affects treatment outcome. We examined adherence to medication and other challenges to care in our patients on treatment of CML. This qualitative study involved in-depth interviews of 20 patients with CML receiving free imatinib (Glivec) from the Glivec International Patients' Assistance Program. Data collected were thematically analyzed. Findings revealed that despite free drug assistance, there was relative lack of awareness resulting in inappropriate health-seeking behavior. The challenges cut across situations such as poverty, fear of the sustenance of the compassionate drug program, and living far away from the clinic. Forgetfulness was reported as the cause of poor adherence in this study. Suggested solutions include increasing community awareness, ensuring sustainability of the program and establishing more treatment centers nationwide. Strategies such as reminders and patents' support will improve drug adherence among this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Bolarinwa
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals’ Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - S A Olowookere
- Department of Family Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals’ Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - T O Owojuyigbe
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals’ Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - E C Origbo
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals’ Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - M A Durosinmi
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals’ Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Lp16-PSP, a Member of YjgF/YER057c/UK114 Protein Family Induces Apoptosis and p21WAF1/CIP1 Mediated G1 Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) HL-60 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMCID: PMC5713375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lp16-PSP (Latcripin 16-Perchloric acid Soluble Protein) from Lentinula edodes strain C91-3 has been reported previously in our laboratory to have selective cytotoxic activity against a panel of human cell lines. Herein, we have used several parameters in order to characterize the Lp16-PSP-induced cell death using human acute promyeloid leukemia (HL-60) as a model cancer. The results of phase contrast microscopy, nuclear examination, DNA fragmentation detection and flow cytometry revealed that high doses of Lp16-PSP resulted in the induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells. The colorimetric assay showed the activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 cascade highlighting the involvement of Fas/FasL-related pathway. Whereas, Western blot revealed the cleavage of caspase-3, increased expression of Bax, the release of cytochrome c and decreased expression of Bcl-2 in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the intrinsic pathway might be involved in Lp16-PSP-induced apoptosis as well. Low doses of Lp16-PSP resulted in the anchorage-independent growth inhibition, induction of G1 phase arrest, accompanied by the increased expression of p21WAF1/CIP1, along with the decreased expression of cyclin D, E, and cdk6. In addition, Lp16-PSP resulted in constitutive translocation inhibition of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) into the nucleus by decreasing the phosphorylation of IκBα. All these findings suggested Lp16-PSP as a potential agent against acute promyeloid leukemia; however, further investigations are ultimately needed.
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CoQ 0-induced mitochondrial PTP opening triggers apoptosis via ROS-mediated VDAC1 upregulation in HL-60 leukemia cells and suppresses tumor growth in athymic nude mice/xenografted nude mice. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:301-322. [PMID: 28918503 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) analogs with variable numbers of isoprenoid units have been demonstrated as anticancer and antioxidant/pro-oxidant molecules. This study examined the in vitro and in vivo antitumor and apoptosis activities of CoQ0 (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, zero isoprenoid side-chains) through upregulation of the Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) signaling pathway on human promyelocytic leukemia. CoQ0 (0-40 μg/mL) treatment significantly reduced HL-60 cell viability, and up-regulated mitochondrial VDAC1 expression. CoQ0 treatment triggers intracellular ROS generation, calcium release, ΔΨm collapse and PTP opening in HL-60 cells. CoQ0 treatment induced apoptosis, which was associated with DNA fragmentation, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 and PARP activation, and Bax/Bcl-2 dysregulation. Annexin V-PI staining indicated that CoQ0 promotes late apoptosis. Furthermore, the blockade of CoQ0-induced ROS production by antioxidant NAC pretreatment substantially attenuated CoQ0-induced apoptosis. The activation of p-GSK3β expression, cyclophilin D inhibition, and p53 activation through ROS are involved in CoQ0-induced HL-60 apoptotic cell death. Notably, ROS-independent p38 activation is involved in CoQ0-mediated apoptosis in HL-60 cells. In addition, the silencing of VDAC1 also prevented CoQ0-induced mitochondrial translocation of Bax, activation of caspase-3, and reduction in Bcl-2. Intriguingly, VDAC1 silencing did not prevent ROS production induced by CoQ0, which in turn indicates that CoQ0 induced ROS-mediated VDAC1 and then mitochondrial apoptosis in HL-60 cells. In vivo results revealed that CoQ0 is effective in delaying tumor incidence and reducing the tumor burden in HL-60-xenografted nude mice. Taken together, CoQ0 could be a promising anticancer agent for the treatment of human promyelocytic leukemia through upregulation of VDAC1 signaling pathways.
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Pejin B, Karaman M. Antitumor Natural Products of Marine-Derived Fungi. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19456-1_25-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Zhamanbayeva GT, Aralbayeva AN, Murzakhmetova MK, Tuleukhanov ST, Danilenko M. Cooperative antiproliferative and differentiation-enhancing activity of medicinal plant extracts in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:80-9. [PMID: 27470342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematopoietic malignancy with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) berries, dog rose (Rosa canina) rosehips, and garden sage (Salvia officinalis) and oregano (Origanum vulgare) aerial parts are widely used in traditional medicine and exhibit antitumor effects in preclinical models. However, these plants remain scarcely tested for antileukemic activity. Here, we show that their water-ethanol leaf extracts reduced the growth and viability of AML cells and, at non-cytotoxic doses, potentiated cell differentiation induced by a low concentration of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the hormonal form of vitamin D, in a cell type-dependent manner. The latter effect was accompanied by upregulation of the vitamin D receptor protein components and its transcriptional activity. Furthermore, at minimally effective doses the extracts cooperated with one another to produce marked cytostatic effects associated with a partial S-phase arrest and a modest induction of apoptosis. In contrast, these combinations only slightly affected the growth and viability of proliferating normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, the extracts strongly inhibited microsomal lipid peroxidation and protected normal erythrocytes against hypoosmotic shock. Our results suggest that further exploration of the enhanced antileukemic effects of the combinations tested here may lead to the development of alternative therapeutic and preventive approaches against AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzhan T Zhamanbayeva
- Department of Biophysics and Biomedicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 480078, Kazakhstan
| | - Araylim N Aralbayeva
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology, Institute of Human and Animal Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Maira K Murzakhmetova
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology, Institute of Human and Animal Physiology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Sultan T Tuleukhanov
- Department of Biophysics and Biomedicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 480078, Kazakhstan
| | - Michael Danilenko
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
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Asuk AA, Agiang MA, Dasofunjo K, Willie AJ. The biomedical significance of the phytochemical, proximate and mineral compositions of the leaf, stem bark and root of Jatropha curcas. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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