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Effects of Yucca schidigera Based Feed Additive on In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility, Efficiency of Microbial Production, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Four Dairy Diets. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy3020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of a feed additive (synthesized from Yucca schidigera) on some fermentation variables. In the first of two experiments, seven concentrations of the feed additive were evaluated using the in vitro batch culture technique to determine the optimum dose to use in the second experiment. The substrates used were a total mixed ration (TMR) and alfalfa hay. The levels of inclusion were 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/head/d. After this initial evaluation, 2 g/head/d was selected for the second experiment. For the second study, four dietary substrates (two corn silages and two TMR; collected from different dairy farms in the Piedmont, North Carolina, area) were used. Incubation times were 3, 6, and 24 h and treatments were 0 (control) and 2 g/head/d of the feed additive. Inclusion of the feed additive did not affect (p > 0.05) in vitro dry matter disappearance. Additionally, the feed additive had no effect (p > 0.05) on short-chain fatty acid concentrations, microbial mass, and efficiency of microbial production. Methane production was reduced by 22.7% with feed additive inclusion. Similarly, lower (p = 0.013; 18%) carbon dioxide concentration was observed in the feed additive treatment. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfite concentrations were similar (p > 0.05) for both treatments. Inclusion of the feed additive at 2 g/head/d decreased methane and carbon dioxide concentrations in most of the diets. The energy saved by reducing the amount of methane produced was not partitioned into valuable products such as short-chain fatty acids and microbial mass.
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Hifnawy MS, Aboseada MA, Hassan HM, AboulMagd AM, Tohamy AF, Abdel-Kawi SH, Rateb ME, El Naggar EMB, Liu M, Quinn RJ, Alhadrami HA, Abdelmohsen UR. Testicular Caspase-3 and β-Catenin Regulators Predicted via Comparative Metabolomics and Docking Studies. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10010031. [PMID: 31940785 PMCID: PMC7022381 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many routes have been explored to search for effective, safe, and affordable alternatives to hazardous female contraceptives. Herbal extracts and their secondary metabolites are some of the interesting research areas to address this growing issue. This study aims to investigate the effects of ten different plant extracts on testicular spermatogenesis. The correlation between the chemical profile of these extracts and their in vivo effect on male reproductive system was evaluated using various techniques. Approximately 10% of LD50 of hydro-methanolic extracts were orally administrated to rats for 60 days. Semen parameters, sexual organ weights, and serum levels of male sex hormones in addition to testes histopathology, were evaluated. Moreover, metabolomic analysis using (LC-HRESIMS), multivariate analysis (PCA), immunohistochemistry (caspase-3 and β-catenin), and a docking study were performed. Results indicated that three plant extracts significantly decreased epididymal sperm density and motility. Moreover, their effects on testicular cells were also assured by histopathological evaluations. Metabolomic profiling of the bioactive plant extracts showed the presence of diverse phytochemicals, mostly oleanane saponins, phenolic diterpenes, and lupane triterpenes. A docking study on caspase-3 enzyme showed that oleanane saponins possessed the highest binding affinity. An immunohistochemistry assay on β-catenin and caspase-3 indicated that Albizzia lebbeck was the most active extract for decreasing immunoexpression of β-catenin, while Rosmarinus officinalis showed the highest activity for increasing immunoexpression of caspase-3. The spermatogenesis decreasing the activity of A. lebbeck, Anagallis arvensis, and R. officinalis can be mediated via up-regulation of caspase-3 and down-regulation of β-catenin existing in testis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Hifnawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11865, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud A. Aboseada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt;
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt; (H.M.H.); (M.E.R.)
| | - Asmaa M. AboulMagd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt;
| | - Adel F. Tohamy
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11865, Egypt;
| | - Samraa H. Abdel-Kawi
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt;
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E. Rateb
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt; (H.M.H.); (M.E.R.)
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK
- School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of West Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | | | - Miaomiao Liu
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.L.); (R.J.Q.)
| | - Ronald J. Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.L.); (R.J.Q.)
| | - Hani A. Alhadrami
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80402, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabi
- King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80402, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (H.A.A.); (U.R.A.)
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia City 61111, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.A.A.); (U.R.A.)
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Murakami M, Fujishima K, Nishi Y, Minemoto Y, Kanie T, Taguchi N, Nishimura M. Impact of Type and Duration of Application of Commercially Available Oral Moisturizers on Their Antifungal Effects. J Prosthodont 2016; 27:52-56. [PMID: 26916515 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the impact of oral moisturizer type and application time on antifungal effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen oral moisturizers (7 liquids, 10 gels) and amphotericin B (AMPH-B) were tested. Antifungal effects were evaluated with newly opened moisturizer samples (0 hour) and with samples incubated for 8 hours to simulate contact during sleep. Candida albicans samples (108 cells/ml) were placed into cylindrical holes in 50% trypticase soy agar plates. Antifungal effects were evaluated based on growth-inhibitory zones after 24 hours. Equal quantities of moisturizers showing growth-inhibitory zones were mixed as additional samples. The effects of moisturizer type and application time on growth-inhibitory zones were evaluated with ANOVA. Growth-inhibitory zone sizes were compared with multiple comparisons. RESULTS Growth-inhibitory zones were found with two liquids, one gel, moisturizer mixtures, and AMPH-B. Significant differences in antifungal effects were found among different moisturizer types and between the 0- and 8-hour groups. The growth-inhibitory zones of the 8-hour group were significantly smaller than those of the 0-hour group. In both the 0- and 8-hour groups, the growth-inhibitory zones of the liquid-gel mixtures were significantly larger than those of other moisturizer types, and were the same size as those of AMPH-B at two concentrations (1.25 and 2.5 μg/ml). Growth-inhibitory zones of individual moisturizers and liquid-liquid mixtures were the same size as those of lower AMPH-B concentrations (0.16, 0.31, and 0.63 μg/ml). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that mixing liquid and gel moisturizers improves their antifungal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Murakami
- Denture Prosthodontics Restoration, Advanced Dentistry Centre, Kagoshima University Medical and Dental Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kei Fujishima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Advanced Therapeutic Course, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Advanced Therapeutic Course, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoko Minemoto
- Denture Prosthodontics Restoration, Advanced Dentistry Centre, Kagoshima University Medical and Dental Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takahito Kanie
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Advanced Therapeutic Course, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Norihiro Taguchi
- Department of Dental Education, Field of Social and Behavioral Medicine, Health Sciences Course, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Advanced Therapeutic Course, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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