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PAN Y, LEE Y, CHUNG JH, KWACK K, ZHAO X, PARK KY. The anti-oxidative capacity of fermented lemon peel and its inhibitory effects on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cell inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanni PAN
- CHA University, South Korea; Chongqing University of Education, China
| | | | | | | | - Xin ZHAO
- Chongqing University of Education, China; Chongqing University of Education, China
| | - Kun-Young PARK
- Chongqing University of Education, China; CHA University, South Korea
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Optimum Conditions and LC-ESI-MS Analysis of Phenolic Rich Extract from Eucalyptus marginata L. under Maceration and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Methods Using Response Surface Methodology. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5591022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucalyptus marginata L. has a significant value in traditional medicine and recently has been shown to possess many pharmacological properties in vitro. The main goal of the present study was to optimize the extraction parameters of phenolic compounds from Eucalyptus marginata L. leaves using the extraction technique assisted by ultrasound in comparison with maceration using response surface methodology as a predicted tool. Therefore, total phenolic and flavonoid contents have been optimized, taking into account four variables: extraction time, temperature, liquid-to-solid ratio, and ethanol concentration. The optimum ultrasound-assisted extraction method for total phenolic and total flavonoid contents was obtained by ensuring the following parameters: t = 49.9 min, T = 74.9°C, liquid-to-solid ratio = 39.5 ml/g, and ethanol = 58.48%. The optimum extract has been subjected to LC-ESI-MS analysis. This technique allowed us to identify ten phenolic compounds: four phenolic acids mainly gallic acid (27.77 ± 0.06 µg/g DW) and protocatechuic acid (37.66 ± 0.04 µg/g DW) and six flavonoid compounds such as quercetrin (150.78 ± 0.02 µg/g DW) and hyperoside (39.19 ± 0.03 µg/g DW). These green and efficient procedures should be a promising option to guide industrial design for the production of phenolic-rich plant extracts.
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Antioxidant Potential Overviews of Secondary Metabolites (Polyphenols) in Fruits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2020; 2020:9081686. [PMID: 32455130 PMCID: PMC7229537 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9081686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rise in consumption of energy-dense foods has resulted in the displacement of several essential dietary gaps, causing numerous long-lasting diseases, including obesity, stroke, hypertension, and several forms of cancer. Epidemiological studies encourage more fruit consumption to prevent these diseases. The defensive mechanisms provided by these fruits against illness are due to the existence of several antioxidants. Recent studies proved that (poly) phenolic compounds are ideally the core phytochemicals with both functional and health-promoting properties found in the plant's kingdom, and low intake could result in the risk of certain diseases. Phytonutrients are powerful antioxidants that can modify metabolic activation and detoxification of carcinogens. The ideal motive of this review is to provide an overview as well as illuminate the polyphenolic merits of fruits in general. Fruits have several merits, including weight maintenance, proper health development, and satiety. There are many analytical methods for determining and measuring the phenolic content of different products. Phenolic compounds are of nutritional interest since they aid in the retardation and inhibition of lipids by acting as scavengers that prevent and protect the proliferation of oxidative chains. Future studies are required to help identify the physiological metabolic activities as well as to improve human health.
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Graphene oxide-assisted ethanol reflux extraction of total flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba leaves: study of kinetics and mechanism. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Brainina K, Stozhko N, Bukharinova M, Khamzina E, Vidrevich M. Potentiometric method of plant microsuspensions antioxidant activity determination. Food Chem 2019; 278:653-658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lee HG, Jo Y, Ameer K, Kwon JH. Optimization of green extraction methods for cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde from Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum cassia) by response surface methodology. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:1607-1617. [PMID: 30483424 PMCID: PMC6233399 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The major compounds of cinnamon are cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde, for which the conditions of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and reflux extraction (RE) were optimized using response surface methodology for comparing their efficiencies in terms of extraction yield, consumption of time and energy, and CO2 emission. The results indicated MAE superiority to UAE and RE owing to the highest yield of target compounds (total yield: 0.89%, cinnamic acid: 6.48 mg/100 mL, and cinnamaldehyde: 244.45 mg/100 mL) at optimum MAE conditions: 59% ethanol, 147.5 W microwave power and 3.4 min of extraction time. RE resulted in comparable yields with the highest consumption of time, energy, and solvent, and least CO2 emission. Therefore, it is concluded that MAE is the most efficient method for green extraction of cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon powder compared to UAE and RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Gyu Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology and Food Bio-industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
- World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755 Korea
| | - Yunhee Jo
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology and Food Bio-industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Kashif Ameer
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology and Food Bio-industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology and BK 21 Plus Program, Graduate School of Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
| | - Joong-Ho Kwon
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology and Food Bio-industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
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Ghasemzadeh A, Baghdadi A, Z E Jaafar H, Swamy MK, Megat Wahab PE. Optimization of Flavonoid Extraction from Red and Brown Rice Bran and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081863. [PMID: 30049990 PMCID: PMC6222751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the quality-by-design concept has been widely implemented in the optimization of pharmaceutical processes to improve batch-to-batch consistency. As flavonoid compounds in pigmented rice bran may provide natural antioxidants, extraction of flavonoid components from red and brown rice bran was optimized using central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Among the solvents tested, ethanol was most efficient for extracting flavonoids from rice bran. The examined parameters were temperature, solvent percentage, extraction time, and solvent-to-solid ratio. The highest total flavonoid content (TFC) in red rice bran was predicted as 958.14 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/100 g dry matter (DM) at 58.5 °C, 71.5% (v/v), 36.2 min, and 7.94 mL/g, respectively, whereas the highest TFC in brown rice bran was predicted as 782.52 mg QE/100 g DM at 56.7 °C, 74.4% (v/v), 36.9 min, and 7.18 mL/g, respectively. Verification experiment results under these optimized conditions showed that the TFC values for red and brown rice bran were 962.38 and 788.21 mg QE/100 g DM, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the predicted and experimental TFC values, indicating that the developed models are accurate. Analysis of the extracts showed that apigenin and p-coumaric acid are abundant in red and brown rice bran. Further, red rice bran with its higher flavonoid content exhibited higher nitric oxide and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activities (EC50 values of 41.3 and 33.6 μg/mL, respectively) than brown rice bran. In this study, an extraction process for flavonoid compounds from red and brown rice bran was successfully optimized. The accuracy of the developed models indicated that the approach is applicable to larger-scale extraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ali Baghdadi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hawa Z E Jaafar
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mallappa Kumara Swamy
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Puteri Edaroyati Megat Wahab
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Alpha-Mangostin-Rich Extracts from Mangosteen Pericarp: Optimization of Green Extraction Protocol and Evaluation of Biological Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081852. [PMID: 30044450 PMCID: PMC6222712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since α-mangostin in mangosteen fruits was reported to be the main compound able to provide natural antioxidants, the microwave-assisted extraction process to obtain high-quality α-mangostin from mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) was optimized using a central composite design and response surface methodology. The parameters examined included extraction time, microwave power, and solvent percentage. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of optimized and non-optimized extracts was evaluated. Ethyl acetate as a green solvent exhibited the highest concentration of α-mangostin, followed by dichloromethane, ethanol, and water. The highest α-mangostin concentration in mangosteen pericarp of 121.01 mg/g dry matter (DM) was predicted at 3.16 min, 189.20 W, and 72.40% (v/v). The verification of experimental results under these optimized conditions showed that the α-mangostin value for the mangosteen pericarp was 120.68 mg/g DM. The predicted models were successfully developed to extract α-mangostin from the mangosteen pericarp. No significant differences were observed between the predicted and the experimental α-mangostin values, indicating that the developed models are accurate. The analysis of the extracts for secondary metabolites showed that the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) increased significantly in the optimized extracts (OE) compared to the non-optimized extracts (NOE). Additionally, trans-ferulic acid and catechin were abundant among the compounds identified. In addition, the optimized extract of mangosteen pericarp with its higher α-mangostin and secondary metabolite concentrations exhibited higher antioxidant activities with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 20.64 µg/mL compared to those of the NOE (28.50 µg/mL). The OE exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, the microwave-assisted extraction process of α-mangostin from mangosteen pericarp was successfully optimized, indicating the accuracy of the models developed, which will be usable in a larger-scale extraction process.
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Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZE, Rahmat A, Swamy MK. Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of zerumbone from Zingiber zerumbet L. rhizome and evaluation of antiproliferative activity of optimized extracts. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:5. [PMID: 28123448 PMCID: PMC5216017 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The extraction of bioactive compounds from herbal materials requires optimization in order to recover the highest active dose. Response surface methodology was used to optimize variables affecting the microwave extraction of zerumbone from Zingiber zerumbet using the Box–Behnken design. The influence of variables, such as ethanol concentration (X1), microwave power (X2), irradiation time (X3), and liquid-to-solid ratio (X4), on the extraction of zerumbone was modeled using a second-order regression equation. The antiproliferative activity of optimized and non-optimized extracts was evaluated against the HeLa cancer cell line using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Results Two linear parameters, X1 and X4, and their quadratic parameters were highly significant at the P < 0.01 level. Two interaction parameters, X1X4 and X2X3 were significant, whereas interactions of X1X2, X1X3, X2X4 and X3X4 were insignificant (P > 0.05). The optimum microwave extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration, 44%; microwave power, 518 W; irradiation time, 38.5 s; and liquid-to-solid ratio, 38 mL/g. Under these conditions, the maximum zerumbone yield was 5.88 mg/g DM, which was similar to the predicted value (5.946 mg/g DM). Optimized and non-optimized Z. zerumbet rhizome extracts exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against HeLa cancer cells, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4.3 and 7.8 μg/mL, respectively, compared with 1.68 μg/mL for the anticancer drug cisplatin. When the extract concentration increased from 4.3 to 16.0 μg/mL, the inhibition of cancer cell growth increased from 50.0 to 79.5%. Conclusions In this study, the optimized microwave protocol developed for extracting zerumbone from Z. zerumbet was faster and consumed less solvent than previous methods, while improving and enhancing the antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Hawa Z E Jaafar
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mallappa Kumara Swamy
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Pandanus amaryllifolius leaf extract increases insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Kumar P, Yadav D, Kumar P, Panesar PS, Bunkar DS, Mishra D, Chopra HK. Comparative study on conventional, ultrasonication and microwave assisted extraction of γ-oryzanol from rice bran. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 53:2047-53. [PMID: 27413233 PMCID: PMC4926917 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In present study, conventional, ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction methods were compared with the aim of optimizing best fitting solvent and method, solvent concentration and digestion time for high yield of γ-oryzanol from rice bran. Petroleum ether, hexane and methanol were used to prepare extracts. Extraction yield were evaluated for giving high crude oil yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and γ-oryzanol content. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry was used for the determination of γ-oryzanol concentration. The highest concentration of γ-oryzanol was detected in methanolic extracts of microwave treatment (85.0 ppm) followed by ultrasonication (82.0 ppm) and conventional extraction method (73.5 ppm). Concentration of γ-oryzanol present in the extracts was found to be directly proportional to the total phenolic content. A combination of 80 % methanolic concentration and 55 minutes digestion time of microwave treatment yielded the best extraction method for TPC and thus γ-oryzanol (105 ppm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- />Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106 India
- />Dairy Chemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Devbrat Yadav
- />Centre of Food Science & Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Pradyuman Kumar
- />Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106 India
| | - Paramjeet Singh Panesar
- />Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab 148106 India
| | - Durga Shankar Bunkar
- />Centre of Food Science & Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - Diwaker Mishra
- />Centre of Food Science & Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005 India
| | - H. K. Chopra
- />Dairy Technology Division, SRS, National Dairy Research Institute, Adagodi, Bangluru 530030 India
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Production of Sterilizing Agents from Calendula officinalis Extracts Optimized by Response Surface Methodology. Int J Anal Chem 2015; 2015:789732. [PMID: 26064122 PMCID: PMC4439610 DOI: 10.1155/2015/789732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce hand sterilizing liquid and wet wipes with the extracts of Calendula officinalis. Since this plant has well known antimicrobial activity due to its phytochemical constituents, the increase in the extraction yield was chosen as the principle part of the production process. To achieve the maximum yield, parameters of solid-to-liquid ratio, extraction temperature, and time were studied. The optimum conditions were determined by response surface methodology as 41°C, 7 h, and 3.3 g/200 mL for temperature, time, and solid-to-liquid ratio, respectively. The yield achieved at those conditions was found to be 90 percent. The highest amounts of flavonoids were detected at optimum, whereas the highest triterpene and saponin constituents were determined at different design points. The microbial efficiencies of extracts were determined by the inhibition of the growth of selected microorganisms. Different dilution rates and interaction times were used as parameters of inhibition. Not any of the constituent but symbiotic relation in-between reached the highest inhibition of 90 percent. The pH values of the extracts were 5.1 to 5.4. As a result, the extraction of Calendula officinalis at the optimum conditions can be used effectively in the production of wet wipes and hand sterilizing liquid.
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Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZE, Juraimi AS, Tayebi-Meigooni A. Comparative Evaluation of Different Extraction Techniques and Solvents for the Assay of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity of Hashemi Rice Bran. Molecules 2015; 20:10822-38. [PMID: 26111171 PMCID: PMC6272729 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolite contents (total phenolic, flavonoid, tocopherol, and tocotrienol) and antioxidant activities of Hashemi rice bran extracts obtained by ultrasound-assisted and traditional solvent (ethanol and 50:50 (v/v) ethanol-water) extraction techniques were compared. Phenolic and, flavonoid compounds were identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and method validation was performed. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the different extraction techniques upon comparison of phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities. The extracts obtained using the ethanol-water (50:50 v/v) ultrasonic technique showed the highest amounts of total phenolics (288.40 mg/100 g dry material (DM)), total flavonoids (156.20 mg/100 g DM), and total tocotrienols (56.23 mg/100 g DM), and the highest antioxidant activity (84.21% 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 65.27% β-carotene-linoleic bleaching and 82.20% nitric oxide scavenging activity). Secondary metabolite contents and antioxidant activities of the rice bran extracts varied depending of the extraction method used, and according to their effectiveness, these were organized in a decreasing order as follows: ethanol-water (50:50 v/v) ultrasonic, ethanol-water (50:50 v/v) maceration, ethanol ultrasonic and ethanol maceration methods. Ferulic, gallic and chlorogenic acids were the most abundant phenolic compounds in rice bran extracts. The phytochemical constituents of Hashemi rice bran and its antioxidant properties provides insights into its potential application to promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hawa Z E Jaafar
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Shukor Juraimi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Amin Tayebi-Meigooni
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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