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Thakur A, Chorawala MR, Patel RS. A systemic review and meta-analysis of Aflibercept plus FOLFIRI regimen as a second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: A PRISMA compliant pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials and single arm studies to assess efficacy and safety. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023:104034. [PMID: 37257732 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Aflibercept; a decoy receptor for vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and placental growth factor (PLGF), in combination with FOLFIRI (leucovorin calcium, fluorouracil, irinotecan hydrochloride) chemotherapy regime, was FDA approved in 2012 as second-line salvage chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This is the first systematic review, and meta-analysis-based evidence to determine the efficacy and safety of Aflibercept plus FOLFIRI regimen pooling randomized controlled trials and single-arm studies. METHOD PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, and Clinical trial.gov were systematically searched for published randomized controlled trials, single-arm studies, and national patient programs on aflibercept plus FOLFIRI chemotherapy for the treatment of mCRC till 11/10/2022. RESULT Ten studies met the inclusion criteria comprising 1075 patients for efficacy studies and 2027 patients for safety studies. The pooled prevalences were 18% (95% CI, 5%-37%, p = 0.00) for 12m PFS and 61% (95% CI, 53% - 68%, p = 0.00) for 12m OS. The pooled prevalences were 69% (95% CI, 55% - 82%, p = 0.00) for any grade 3-4 toxicities, 10% (95% CI, 5% - 16%, p = 0.00) for grade 3-4 diarrhea, 13% (95% CI, 5% - 24%, p = 0.00) for grade 3-4 hypertension, 31% (95% CI, 22% - 40%, p = 0.00) for grade 3-4 neutropenia and 5% (95% CI, 2% - 7%, p = 0.00) for grade 3-4 venous thromboembolic event. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis shows that the aflibercept plus FOLFIRI combination shows better survival efficacies however; it is also associated with more high-grade adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Roshni S Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gh-6, Sector-23, Gandhinagar-382023, Gujarat, India.
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2
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Pathak S, Gupta R, Parkar H, Joshi N, Nagotu S, Kale A. The role of Colchicine on actin polymerization dynamics: as a potent anti-angiogenic factor. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11729-11743. [PMID: 34424806 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1965911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, cancer research has focused on different strategies to discover drugs and therapies to treat the metastatic stage of cancer. This stage depends upon the type, and the cause of cancer. One of the central facts about any cancer invasion is the formation of new blood vessels that provide nutrients to these uncontrollably dividing cells. This phenomenon is called angiogenesis and is responsible for tumor progression and metastasis. Tumor angiogenesis is a sequential process wherein various angiogenic factors produced by tumor cells bind to receptors of endothelial cells. This stimulates the cytoskeletal protein, especially actin to reorganize themselves and undergo the process of canalization. The driving force for such membrane transformation is spatially and temporally-regulated by polymerization of submembrane actin filaments. So far, Colchicine has been studied for its effectiveness in controlling microtubule reorganization during cell division, but its role is far from understood on actin polymerization. In our current study, we report the effect of Colchicine on actin polymerization dynamics using biophysical analysis like Right light scattering (RLS), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Circular dichroism (CD) analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and kinetic measurements. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) indicates multiple site binding for colchicine with actin aggregates. We have checked the in vivo effect of colchicine using end3 cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We also report the anti-angiogenesis activity of colchicine via ex-ovo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. We predict the target site of binding for the drug by docking studies. Based on our findings, we suggest the 'drug-repurposed' function for colchicine as a potential anti-angiogenic candidate.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Pathak
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Center for excellence in basic sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Gupta
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Center for excellence in basic sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Haifa Parkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Center for excellence in basic sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Joshi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Shirisha Nagotu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Avinash Kale
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Center for excellence in basic sciences, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Leone A, Colamaria A, Fochi NP, Sacco M, Landriscina M, Parbonetti G, de Notaris M, Coppola G, De Santis E, Giordano G, Carbone F. Recurrent Glioblastoma Treatment: State of the Art and Future Perspectives in the Precision Medicine Era. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081927. [PMID: 36009473 PMCID: PMC9405902 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment guidelines for the management of recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) are far from definitive, and the prognosis remains dismal. Despite recent advancements in the pharmacological and surgical fields, numerous doubts persist concerning the optimal strategy that clinicians should adopt for patients who fail the first lines of treatment and present signs of progressive disease. With most recurrences being located within the margins of the previously resected lesion, a comprehensive molecular and genetic profiling of rGBM revealed substantial differences compared with newly diagnosed disease. In the present comprehensive review, we sought to examine the current treatment guidelines and the new perspectives that polarize the field of neuro-oncology, strictly focusing on progressive disease. For this purpose, updated PRISMA guidelines were followed to search for pivotal studies and clinical trials published in the last five years. A total of 125 articles discussing locoregional management, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy strategies were included in our analysis, and salient findings were critically summarized. In addition, an in-depth description of the molecular profile of rGBM and its distinctive characteristics is provided. Finally, we integrate the above-mentioned evidence with the current guidelines published by international societies, including AANS/CNS, EANO, AIOM, and NCCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Leone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nicola Pio Fochi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Sacco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Riuniti Hospital, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Unit of Medical
Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical
Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Matteo de Notaris
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Rummo” Hospital, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Giulia Coppola
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elena De Santis
- Department of Anatomical Histological Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Guido Giordano
- Unit of Medical
Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical
Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Carbone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Chen Y, Yang M, Meng F, Zhang Y, Wang M, Guo X, Yang J, Zhang H, Zhang H, Sun J, Wang W. SRSF3 Promotes Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer by Splicing SRF. Front Oncol 2022; 12:810610. [PMID: 35198444 PMCID: PMC8859257 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.810610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SRSF3, an important member of the serine/arginine-rich protein (SRp) family, is highly expressed in various tumors and plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. However, it is still unclear whether SRSF3 is involved in tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we first revealed that SRSF3 regulated the expression of numerous genes related to angiogenesis, including proangiogenic SRF. Then, we confirmed that SRSF3 was highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and was positively correlated with SRF. Mechanistic studies revealed that SRSF3 directly bound to the “CAUC” motif in exon 6 of SRF and induced the exclusion of introns. Knockdown of SRSF3 significantly reduced the secretion of VEGF from CRC cells. Conditioned medium from SRSF3-knockdown CRC cells significantly inhibited the migration, invasion and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, SRF silencing inhibited angiogenesis, while SRF overexpression reversed the antiangiogenic effects of SRSF3 knockdown on tube formation. These findings indicate that SRSF3 is involved in the splicing of SRF and thereby regulates the angiogenesis of CRC, which offers novel insight into antiangiogenic therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshuang Chen
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Man Yang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fanyi Meng
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuqin Guo
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Medical Technology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Medical Technology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Cao F, Zheng J, Luo J, Zhang Z, Shao G. Treatment efficacy and safety of regorafenib plus drug-eluting beads-transarterial chemoembolization versus regorafenib monotherapy in colorectal cancer liver metastasis patients who fail standard treatment regimens. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:2993-3002. [PMID: 34302208 PMCID: PMC8397621 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of regorafenib plus drug-eluting beads-transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) versus regorafenib monotherapy in colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) patients who failed standard treatment regimens. Methods Totally, 76 eligible CRLM patients were analyzed, among which 42 patients received regorafenib monotherapy (as regorafenib group) and 34 patients received regorafenib plus DEB-TACE (as regorafenib plus DEB-TACE group). Results Objective response rate (35.3% versus 7.1%, P = 0.002) and disease control rate (76.5% versus 47.6%, P = 0.011) were both increased in regorafenib plus DEB-TACE group compared with regorafenib group; meanwhile, negative conversion rate of carcinoembryonic antigen (66.7% versus 28.6%, P = 0.008) after treatment was elevated in regorafenib plus DEB-TACE group compared with regorafenib group. Notably, progression-free survival (PFS) (median value: 7.6 versus 4.1 months, P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (median value: 15.7 versus 9.2 months, P < 0.001) were both higher in regorafenib plus DEB-TACE group compared with regorafenib group. Furthermore, liver function indexes (alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and cholinesterase levels) after treatment were all similar between the two groups (all P > 0.05). In addition, the occurrences of upper abdominal distending pain (P < 0.001), nausea and vomiting (P = 0.002) and fever (P = 0.002) were higher in regorafenib plus DEB-TACE group compared with regorafenib group, while the majority of these adverse events were mild and tolerable. Conclusions Regorafenib plus DEB-TACE is superior to regorafenib monotherapy regarding treatment response, PFS and OS, while induces tolerable post-embolization syndrome in CRLM patients who fail standard treatment regimens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-021-03708-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Banshan Dong Lu, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaping Zheng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Banshan Dong Lu, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Banshan Dong Lu, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhewei Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Banshan Dong Lu, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoliang Shao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Banshan Dong Lu, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
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6
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Giordano G, Parcesepe P, Bruno G, Piscazzi A, Lizzi V, Remo A, Pancione M, D’Andrea MR, De Santis E, Coppola L, Pietrafesa M, Fersini A, Ambrosi A, Landriscina M. Evidence-Based Second-Line Treatment in RAS Wild-Type/Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in the Precision Medicine Era. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147717. [PMID: 34299337 PMCID: PMC8307359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Target-oriented agents improve metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) survival in combination with chemotherapy. However, the majority of patients experience disease progression after first-line treatment and are eligible for second-line approaches. In such a context, antiangiogenic and anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) agents as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved as second-line options, and RAS and BRAF mutations and microsatellite status represent the molecular drivers that guide therapeutic choices. Patients harboring K- and N-RAS mutations are not eligible for anti-EGFR treatments, and bevacizumab is the only antiangiogenic agent that improves survival in combination with chemotherapy in first-line, regardless of RAS mutational status. Thus, the choice of an appropriate therapy after the progression to a bevacizumab or an EGFR-based first-line treatment should be evaluated according to the patient and disease characteristics and treatment aims. The continuation of bevacizumab beyond progression or its substitution with another anti-angiogenic agents has been shown to increase survival, whereas anti-EGFR monoclonals represent an option in RAS wild-type patients. In addition, specific molecular subgroups, such as BRAF-mutated and Microsatellite Instability-High (MSI-H) mCRCs represent aggressive malignancies that are poorly responsive to standard therapies and deserve targeted approaches. This review provides a critical overview about the state of the art in mCRC second-line treatment and discusses sequential strategies according to key molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Giordano
- Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.B.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Pietro Parcesepe
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health—Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Bruno
- Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Annamaria Piscazzi
- Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Lizzi
- General Surgey Unit, Policlinico Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Remo
- Pathology Unit “Mater Salutis” Hospital, ULSS9, Legnago, 37045 Verona, Italy;
| | - Massimo Pancione
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | | | - Elena De Santis
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luigi Coppola
- UOC Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica e Citologia Diagnostica, Dipartimento dei Servizi Diagnostici e della Farmaceutica, Ospedale Sandro Pertini, ASL Roma 2, 00157 Roma, Italy;
| | - Michele Pietrafesa
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Alberto Fersini
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Antonio Ambrosi
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (A.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.B.); (A.P.)
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 Potenza, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (M.L.)
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Chemosensitization of HT29 and HT29-5FU Cell Lines by a Combination of a Multi-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor and 5FU Downregulates ABCC1 and Inhibits PIK3CA in Light of Their Importance in Saudi Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020334. [PMID: 33440689 PMCID: PMC7827067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the main causes of death worldwide and in Saudi Arabia. The toxicity and the development of resistance against 5 fluorouracil 5FU pose increasing therapeutic difficulties, which necessitates the development of personalized drugs and drug combinations. Objectives: First, to determine the most important kinases and kinase pathways, and the amount of ABC transporters and KRAS in samples taken from Saudi CRC patients. Second, to investigate the chemosensitizing effect of LY294002 and HAA2020 and their combinations with 5FU on HT29, HT29-5FU, HCT116, and HCT116-5FU CRC cells, their effect on the three ABC transporters, cell cycle, and apoptosis, in light of the important kinase pathways resulting from the first part of this study. Methods: The PamChip® peptide micro-array profiling was used to determine the level of kinase and targets in the Saudi CRC samples. Next, RT-PCR, MTT cytotoxicity, Western blotting, perturbation of cell cycle, annexin V, and immunofluorescence assays were used to investigate the effect on CRC, MRC5, and HUVEC cells. Results: The kinase activity profiling highlighted the importance of the PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and the growth factors pathways in the Saudi CRC samples. PIK3CA was the most overexpressed, and it was associated with increased level of mutated KRAS and the three ABC transporters, especially ABCC1 in the Saudi samples. Next, combining HAA2020 with 5FU exhibited the best synergistic and resistance-reversal effect in the four CRC cells, and the highest selectivity indices compared to MRC5 and HUVEC normal cells. Additionally, HAA2020 with 5FU exerted significant inhibition of ABCC1 in the four CRC cells, and inhibition of PIK3CA/AKT/MAPK7/ERK in HT29 and HT29-5FU cells. The combination also inhibited EGFR, increased the preG1/S cell cycle phases, apoptosis, and caspase 8 in HT29 cells, while it increased the G1 phase, p21/p27, and apoptosis in HT29-5FU cells. Conclusion: We have combined the PamChip kinase profiling of Saudi CRC samples with in vitro drug combination studies in four CRC cells, highlighting the importance of targeting PIK3CA and ABCC1 for Saudi CRC patients, especially given that the overexpression of PIK3CA mutations was previously linked with the lack of activity for the anti-EGFRs as first line treatment for CRC patients. The combination of HAA2020 and 5FU has selectively sensitized the four CRC cells to 5FU and could be further studied.
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Sethy C, Goutam K, Nayak D, Pradhan R, Molla S, Chatterjee S, Rout N, Wyatt MD, Narayan S, Kundu CN. Clinical significance of a pvrl 4 encoded gene Nectin-4 in metastasis and angiogenesis for tumor relapse. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:245-259. [PMID: 31617074 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, we have systematically examined the clinical significance of Nectin-4 (encoded by the PVRL-4 gene), a marker for breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), in cancer metastasis and angiogenesis using a variety of human specimens, including invasive duct carcinoma (IDC) with multiple grades, several types of primary tumors to local and distant relapses, lymph node metastases and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). METHODS Nectin-4 was overexpressed in more than 92% of samples with 65.2% Nectin-4-positive cells. The level of expression was increased with increasing tumor grade (GI-III) and size (T1-4) of IDC specimens. RESULTS More induction of Nectin-4 was noted in relapsed samples from a variety of tumors (colon, tongue, liver, kidney, ovary, buccal mucosa) in comparison to primary tumors, while paired adjacent normal tissues do not express any Nectin-4. A high expression of Nectin-4 along with other representative markers in CTCs and lymph node metastasis was also observed in cancer specimens. An increased level of Nectin-4 along with representative metastatic (CD-44, Sca1, ALDH1, Nanog) and angiogenic (Ang-I, Ang-II, VEGF) markers were noted in metastatic tumors (local and distant) in comparison to primary tumors that were correlated with different grades of tumor progression. In addition, greater expression of Nectin-4 was observed in secondary tumors (distant metastasis, e.g., breast to liver or stomach to gall bladder) in comparison to primary tumors. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated a significant correlation between Nectin-4 expression and tumor grade as well as stages (p < 0.001), suggesting its association with tumor progression. Nectin-4 was overexpressed at all stages of metastasis and angiogenesis, thus appearing to play a major role in tumor relapse through the PI3K-Akt-NFκβ pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Sethy
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Kunal Goutam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre, Cuttack, 753007, Odisha, India
| | - Deepika Nayak
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Rajalaxmi Pradhan
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Sefinew Molla
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Subhajit Chatterjee
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Niranjan Rout
- Department of Oncopathology, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre, Cuttack, 753007, Odisha, India
| | - Michael D Wyatt
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Satya Narayan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India.
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Van Cutsem E, Paccard C, Chiron M, Tabernero J. Impact of Prior Bevacizumab Treatment on VEGF-A and PlGF Levels and Outcome Following Second-Line Aflibercept Treatment: Biomarker Post Hoc Analysis of the VELOUR Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:717-725. [PMID: 31727675 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aflibercept is a targeted anti-VEGF therapy used to treat patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) following progression on oxaliplatin-based regimens. This post hoc study evaluated the effect of prior bevacizumab treatment and growth factor levels on patient outcomes associated with aflibercept in the VELOUR phase III trial. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Baseline biomarker plasma concentrations were measured using a bead-based multiplex assay. Patients were grouped according to prior bevacizumab treatment, second-line treatment, and serum biomarker concentrations, and analyzed for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Plasma samples were available for 553 patients (placebo n = 265; aflibercept n = 288), of which 169 had received prior bevacizumab. Nine biomarkers implicated in angiogenesis or bevacizumab resistance correlated with prior bevacizumab therapy. VEGF-A and placental growth factor (PlGF) were the most significantly increased in patients who had received prior bevacizumab compared with those who had not received prior bevacizumab. In the placebo group, patients with high VEGF-A (>144 pg/mL) levels at baseline had worse OS and PFS compared with patients with lower levels at baseline (9.6 vs. 12.9 months). This was also seen in patients who received placebo and had high baseline PlGF (>8 pg/mL; 9.7 vs. 11.7 months). In the aflibercept group, prolonged OS and PFS were observed regardless of baseline VEGF-A or PlGF levels. CONCLUSIONS High VEGF-A and PlGF serum levels may underlie development of resistance to bevacizumab in patients with mCRC. Aflibercept retains its activity regardless of baseline VEGF-A and PlGF levels and may be an effective second-line treatment for patients with bevacizumab-induced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Josep Tabernero
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), IOB-Quiron, UVic, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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VEGFR-1 Regulates EGF-R to Promote Proliferation in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225608. [PMID: 31717527 PMCID: PMC6888064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathways in tumor growth is well established. EGF induces VEGF production in cancer cells, and the paracrine VEGF activates vascular endothelial cells to promote tumor angiogenesis and thus supports tumor cell growth in an angiogenesis-dependent manner. In this study, we found angiogenesis-independent novel crosstalk between the VEGF and the EGF pathways in the regulation of colon cancer cell proliferation. Stimulation of colon cancer cells with VEGF-A and placental growth factor (PlGF) activated VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) and increased proliferation activity in an autocrine EGF/EGF receptor (EGF-R)-dependent manner. Mechanistically, VEGFR-1 interacted with and stabilized EGF-R, leading to increased EGF-R protein levels and prolonged its expression on cell surface plasma membrane. In contrast, VEGFR-1 blockade by a neutralizing antibody and an antagonistic peptide of VEGFR-1 suppressed the complex formation of VEGFR-1 and EGF-R and decreased EGF-R expression via a lysosome-dependent pathway, resulting in the suppression of proliferation activity. Our results indicated that VEGFR-1 regulated EGF-R expression to promote proliferation activity in a cell-autonomous-dependent manner.
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11
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Fallah A, Heidari HR, Bradaran B, Sisakht MM, Zeinali S, Molavi O. A gene-based anti-angiogenesis therapy as a novel strategy for cancer treatment. Life Sci 2019; 239:117018. [PMID: 31678280 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis-targeted therapy of cancer is considered a promising strategy for therapeutic management of cancer progression. Over the last two decades, a few anti-angiogenesis monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) blocking VEGF signaling have been developed and approved by the FDA. The most widely used anti-angiogenesis drug is bevacizumab which binds VEGFA and prevents its interaction with VEGF receptor leading to suppression of angiogenesis. Despite the remarkable success in development of angiogenesis inhibitory mAbs, their clinical application is limited by the high-cost of mAbs-based regimen which includes multiple doses of mAbs due to their short biological half-life. Antibody gene therapy is an alternative system of antibody production. In this study, we have developed a gene-based anti-VEGF mAb system which is expected to produce a high concentration of anti-VEGFA mAb upon a single administration in cancer patients. The full-length cDNA bevacizumab light and heavy chains joint with T2A sequence were cloned in pCDH lentivirus vector. The lentiviral particles expressing bevacizumab was produced in HEK-293T cells. Recombinant lentiviral particles containing bevacizumab (rLV-bev) efficiently transduced HEK-293cells and produced functional bevacizumab mAb. Bevacizumab expression in the transduced cell was assessed by qRT-PCR and western blot at both the mRNA and protein level, respectively. The functionality of the recombinant bevacizumab was confirmed using the tube formation assay in the co-culture system of endothelial cells and HT-29cells transduced with rLV-bev viral particles. Our results show that rLV-bev gene therapy can be useful for angiogenesis-targeted therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Fallah
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Heidari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Bradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sirous Zeinali
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Yang W, Ma J, Zhou W, Cao B, Zhou X, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Hong L, Fan D. Reciprocal regulations between miRNAs and HIF-1α in human cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:453-471. [PMID: 30317527 PMCID: PMC11105242 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a central molecule involved in mediating cellular processes. Alterations of HIF-1α and hypoxically regulated microRNAs (miRNAs) are correlated with patients' outcome in various cancers, indicating their crucial roles on cancer development. Recently, an increasing number of studies have revealed the intricate regulations between miRNAs and HIF-1α in modulating a wide variety of processes, including proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and drug resistance, etc. miRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs which function as negative regulators by directly targeting mRNAs. Evidence shows that miRNAs can be regulated by HIF-1α at transcriptional level. In turn, HIF-1α itself can be modulated by many miRNAs whose alterations have been implicated in tumorigenesis, thus forming a reciprocal regulation network. These findings add a new layer of complexity to our understanding of HIF-1α regulatory networks. Here, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the current advances about the bidirectional interactions between HIF-1α and miRNAs in human cancers. Besides, the review will summarize the roles of miRNAs/HIF-1α crosstalk according to various cellular processes. Finally, the potential values of miRNAs/HIF-1α loops in clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Rodriguez-Pascual J, Cubillo A. Dynamic Biomarkers of Response to Antiangiogenic Therapies in Colorectal Cancer: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 15:81-85. [PMID: 29657584 PMCID: PMC5872368 DOI: 10.2174/1875692115666170815161754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Identification of clinical and molecular biomarkers to predict dynamic response or monitor in real-time the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy represents a major point in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Several stu-dies have been conduced to identify some predictive biomarkers to select patients who will benefit from bevacizumab, the most widely used antiangiogenic monoclonal anti-body. Conclusion: After a decade since the introduction of bevacizumab, no effective predictive biomarkers are available in routine clinical practice. In this review, we summarized the potential candidate dynamic biomarkers that may play a role in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Cubillo
- Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Natural small molecule bigelovin suppresses orthotopic colorectal tumor growth and inhibits colorectal cancer metastasis via IL6/STAT3 pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 150:191-201. [PMID: 29454618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bigelovin, a sesquiterpene lactone, has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis, inhibit inflammation and angiogenesis in vitro, but its potential anti-metastatic activity remains unclear. In the present study, two colon cancer mouse models, orthotopic tumor allografts and experimental metastatic models were utilized to investigate the progression and metastatic spread of colorectal cancer after bigelovin treatments. Results showed that bigelovin (intravenous injection; 0.3-3 mg/kg) significantly suppressed tumor growth and inhibited liver/lung metastasis with modulation of tumor microenvironment (e.g. increased populations of T lymphocytes and macrophages) in orthotopic colon tumor allograft-bearing mice. Furthermore, the inhibitory activities were also validated in the experimental human colon cancer metastatic mouse model. The underlying mechanisms involved in the anti-metastatic effects of bigelovin were then revealed in murine colon tumor cells colon 26-M01 and human colon cancer cells HCT116. Results showed that bigelovin induced cytotoxicity, inhibition of cell proliferation, motility and migration in both cell lines, which were through interfering IL6/STAT3 and cofilin pathways. Alternations of the key molecules including Rock, FAK, RhoA, Rac1/2/3 and N-cadherin, which were detected in bigelovin-treated cancer cells, were also observed in the tumor allografts of bigelovin-treated mice. These findings strongly indicated that bigelovin has potential to be developed as anti-tumor and anti-metastatic agent for colorectal cancer.
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15
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Ulivi P, Marisi G, Passardi A. Relationship between hypoxia and response to antiangiogenic therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46678-46691. [PMID: 27081084 PMCID: PMC5216829 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains a major public health problem worldwide. Despite the introduction of antiangiogenic drugs for the treatment of metastatic disease, a large number of issues remains unresolved. In particular, studies on predictive biomarkers of response and pathways of resistance to these agents are lacking, making it difficult to accurately select candidates for treatment. Hypoxia is the prime driving force for tumor angiogenesis and a vicious cycle between hypoxia and angiogenesis can be observed in tumors. Anti-angiogenic drugs act inhibiting tumor vasculature and, as consequence, inducing hypoxia. However, hypoxia could, in turn, induce an increase of metastatic potential of cells and a series of phenomena that could induce drug resistance. In the present review biological mechanisms of hypoxia and its relation with angiogenesis, and resistance to antiangiogenic therapy will be discussed. Moreover, data from clinical trials on antiangiogenic drugs in metastatic colorectal cancer will be reviewed, and the role of hypoxia in monitoring the response to treatment will be analysed. Combination strategies using anti-angiogenic and hypoxia inhibiting drugs are also discussed as they constitute promising field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giorgia Marisi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alessandro Passardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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16
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Cartana ET, Gheonea DI, Cherciu IF, Streaţa I, Uscatu CD, Nicoli ER, Ioana M, Pirici D, Georgescu CV, Alexandru DO, Şurlin V, Gruionu G, Săftoiu A. Assessing tumor angiogenesis in colorectal cancer by quantitative contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound and molecular and immunohistochemical analysis. Endosc Ultrasound 2018; 7:175-183. [PMID: 28685747 PMCID: PMC6032701 DOI: 10.4103/eus.eus_7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Data on contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound (CE-EUS) for colorectal cancer (CRC) evaluation are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to assess the vascular perfusion pattern in CRC by quantitative CE-EUS and compare it to immunohistochemical and genetic markers of angiogenesis. Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of CE-EUS examinations of 42 CRC patients, before any therapy. CE-EUS movies were processed using a dedicated software. Ten parameters were automatically generated from the time-intensity curve (TIC) analysis: peak enhancement (PE), rise time (RT), mean transit time, time to peak (TTP), wash-in area under the curve (WiAUC), wash-in rate (WiR), wash-in perfusion index (WiPI), wash-out AUC (WoAUC), and wash-in and wash-out AUC (WiWoAUC). The expression levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and VEGFR2 genes were assessed from biopsy samples harvested during colonoscopy. Microvascular density and vascular area were calculated after CD31 and CD105 immunostaining. Results Forty-two CE-EUS video sequences were analyzed. We found positive correlations between the parameters PE, WiAUC, WiR, WiPI, WoAUC, WiWoAUC, and N staging (Spearman r = 0.437, r = 0.336, r = 0.462, r = 0.437, r = 0.358, and r = 0.378, respectively, P < 0.05), and also between RT and TTP and CD31 vascular area (r = 0.415, and r = 0.421, respectively, P < 0.05). VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression did not correlate with any of the TIC parameters. Conclusions CE-EUS with TIC analysis enables minimally invasive assessment of CRC angiogenesis and may provide information regarding the lymph nodes invasion. However, further studies are needed for defining its role in the evaluation of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Ionuţ Gheonea
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Craiova, Romania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Pirici
- Department of Research Methodology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Dragoş-Ovidiu Alexandru
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Valeriu Şurlin
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Gabriel Gruionu
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Craiova, Romania; Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Clinical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrian Săftoiu
- Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Craiova, Romania; Department of Endoscopy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Denmark
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17
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Lu Y, Xu Q, Zuo Y, Liu L, Liu S, Chen L, Wang K, Lei Y, Zhao X, Li Y. Isoprenaline/β2-AR activates Plexin-A1/VEGFR2 signals via VEGF secretion in gastric cancer cells to promote tumor angiogenesis. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:875. [PMID: 29262812 PMCID: PMC5738852 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of stress signals in regulating gastric cancer initiation and progression is not quite clear. It is known that stress signals modulate multiple processes such as immune function, cell migration and angiogenesis. However, few studies have investigated the mechanisms of how stress signals contribute to gastric cancer angiogenesis. Methods Here, we used β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist isoprenaline to imitate a stress signal and demonstrated the molecular mechanism underlying stress’s influence on tumor angiogenesis. Results We found that isoprenaline stimulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in gastric cancer cells and plexin-A1 expression was induced by human recombinant VEGF165 in both gastric cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, interfere with plexin-A1 expression in gastric cancer cells influence HUVEC tube formation, migration and tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions These findings suggest that isoprenaline stimulate VGEF secretion and subsequently up-regulate the expression of plexin-A1 and VEGFR2 in gastric cancer cells, which form a positive impetus to promote tumor angiogenesis. This study reveals a novel molecular mechanism that a stress signal like isoprenaline may enhance angiogenesis via activating plexin-A1/VEGFR2 signaling pathway in gastric cancer, which may be a potential target in development of an anti-angiogenic therapy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pathology; Cancer Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical College, Shangerdaohezi Avenue, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhen Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microorganism, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaochen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the 266th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Puning Avenue, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntao Lei
- Department of Pathology, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the 266th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Puning Avenue, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Pathology; Cancer Research Laboratory, Chengde Medical College, Shangerdaohezi Avenue, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Guan L, Xu G. Destructive effect of HIFU on rabbit embedded endometrial carcinoma tissues and their vascularities. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19577-19591. [PMID: 28121624 PMCID: PMC5386707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate damage effect of High-intensity focused ultrasound on early stage endometrial cancer tissues and their vascularities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rabbit endometrial cancer models were established via tumor blocks implantation for a prospective control study. Ultrasonic ablation efficacy was evaluated by pathologic and imaging changes. The target lesions of experimental rabbits before and after ultrasonic ablation were observed after autopsy. The slides were used for hematoxylin-eosin staining, elastic fiber staining and endothelial cell staining; the slides were observed by optical microscopy. One slide was observed by electron microscopy. Then the target lesions of experimental animals with ultrasonic ablation were observed by vascular imaging, one group was visualized by digital subtract angiography, one group was quantified by color Doppler flow imaging, and one group was detected by dye perfusion.SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Histological examination indicated that High-intensity focused ultrasound caused the tumor tissues and their vascularities coagulative necrosis. Tumor vascular structure components including elastic fiber, endothelial cells all were destroyed by ultrasonic ablation. Digital subtract angiography showed tumor vascular shadow were dismissed after ultrasonic ablation. After ultrasonic ablation, gray-scale of tumor nodules enhanced in ultrasonography, tumor peripheral and internal blood flow signals disappeared or significantly reduced in color Doppler flow imaging. Vascular perfusion performed after ultrasonic ablation, tumor vessels could not filled by dye liquid. CONCLUSION High-intensity focused ultrasound as a noninvasive method can destroy whole endometrial cancer cells and their supplying vascularities, which maybe an alternative approach of targeted therapy and new antiangiogenic strategy for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhabei District Central Hospital, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital, Peking University, Fengtai District, Beijing 100000, China
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Huang X, Wei Q, Liu J, Niu H, Xiao G, Liu L. Analysis of IMP3 expression in primary tumor and stromal cells in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7304-7310. [PMID: 29344167 PMCID: PMC5755212 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) is an oncofetal protein upregulated in tumor cells during carcinogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression status of IMP3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and its clinical significance. Immunostaining was performed in 130 CRC samples, the association of IMP3 expression with clinicopathological characteristics was assessed and 58 patients were selected for survival analysis. To the best of our knowledge, the present study describes for the first time the expression of IMP3 in tumor stromal components of CRC. Stromal expression of IMP3 was detected in 24/130 (18.5%) CRC tissue specimens and was associated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (stage III–IV, P=0.003), lymph node metastasis (P=0.006), lympho-vascular invasion (P=0.003), tumor border (P=0.013). Tumoral expression of IMP3 was detected in 94/130 (72.3%) of CRC specimens and was associated with T classification (T3-T4, P=0.027), tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (stage III–IV, P=0.011), lymph node metastasis (P=0.048), tumor budding (>10 buds, P=0.005). Further study indicated that patients with IMP3 expressed in tumor cells and tumor stroma tend to have poorer overall survival rates (P=0.02 and P=0.06, respectively). Moreover, tumoral expression of IMP3 and TNM stage were identified to be independent prognostic factors in CRC. IMP3 was not only expressed in tumor cells but also in stroma cells. Stromal expression of IMP3 was associated with lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor TNM stage. Moreover, the survival analysis indicated that there is a significant association between IMP3 expression in tumor cells and a poorer overall survival rate in patients with CRC. The expression of IMP3 maybe a predicted factor for CRC patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhu Wei
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jianghuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Hongling Niu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Bahrami A, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM, ShahidSales S, Joudi-Mashhad M, Maftouh M, Jazayeri MH, Parizade MR, Ferns GA, Avan A. Targeting the tumor microenvironment as a potential therapeutic approach in colorectal cancer: Rational and progress. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2928-2936. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies; Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Student Research Committee; Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Mona Joudi-Mashhad
- Cancer Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mina Maftouh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mir Hadi Jazayeri
- Immunology Research Center; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Parizade
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Division of Medical Education; Brighton and Sussex Medical School; Falmer, Brighton, Sussex UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Cancer Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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Nagai N, Ibuki M, Shinoda H, Kameyama K, Tsubota K, Ozawa Y. Maculopapular rash after intravitreal injection of an antivascular endothelial growth factor, aflibercept, for treating age-related macular degeneration: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6965. [PMID: 28538392 PMCID: PMC5457872 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Aflibercept, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drug, is used for treatment of colon cancer as well as retinal diseases, including wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It is injected into the vitreous cavity of eyes for treatment of AMD. Although vascular suppression-including cardiovascular events-and local infection related to the injection procedure are well-known potential adverse events, pathological immune responses after intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) injection have not been described. PATIENT CONCERNS A 60-year-old Japanese man diagnosed with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), a subtype of wet AMD, was treated by anti-VEGF injection. Ten hours after the last IVA injection, he presented with systemic erythema with itching. DIAGNOSES On the basis of the palpable erythema and papules observed on the trunk and extremities, along with redness of the pharynx, the patient was diagnosed with maculopapular-type drug eruption. The findings of biopsy of erythematous skin on the back revealed lymphocyte infiltration and telangiectasia in the upper dermis, thus confirming the diagnosis. INTERVENTIONS The patient was administered 30 mg prednisolone to resolve the immunoreaction. OUTCOMES With this treatment, the eruption turned brown, and the pharyngeal lesion and itching were resolved, and the maculopapular rash after intravitreal IVA was resolved. LESSONS This case illustrates the importance of medical staff being aware of aflibercept-a widely used anti-VEGF drug in various fields, including retinal diseases-as a potential cause of drug allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Nagai
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology
- Department of Ophthalmology
| | | | | | - Kaori Kameyama
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoko Ozawa
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell Biology
- Department of Ophthalmology
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Canavese M, Ngo DTM, Maddern GJ, Hardingham JE, Price TJ, Hauben E. Biology and therapeutic implications of VEGF-A splice isoforms and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2183-2191. [PMID: 27943279 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor growth, dissemination and metastasis are dependent on angiogenesis. The predominant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoform that plays a major role in angiogenesis is VEGF-A. Indeed, VEGF-A is implicated in promoting angiogenesis of numerous solid malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). A large body of preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that the expression of specific VEGF-A isoforms represents a predominant pro-angiogenic factor, which is associated with formation of metastases and poor prognosis in CRC patients. Different isoforms of human VEGF-A have been identified, all of which arise from alternative splicing of the primary transcript of a single gene. Notably, it has been recently demonstrated that expression of type 3 isoform pattern is significantly correlated with venous involvement in CRC as well as in progression to metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), although it remains unclear what proportion of CRC tumors express these isoforms. This review highlights the importance of investigating the genetic and the epigenetic variations in VEGF-A pathways in CRC, the functions of different VEGF-A isoforms and their potential application as prognostic markers and/or therapeutic targets. Better understanding of the mechanisms controlling angiogenesis in liver metastases is necessary to address the limitations of current anti-angiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Canavese
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Liver Metastasis Research Group, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Doan T M Ngo
- Cardiology Unit, the Queen Elizabeth Hospital and Basil Hetzel Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Guy J Maddern
- Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jennifer E Hardingham
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide
| | - Timothy J Price
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide
| | - Ehud Hauben
- The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Liver Metastasis Research Group, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Chen Y, Huang Y, Hou P, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang W, Sun G, Xu L, Zhou J, Bai J, Zheng J. ING4 suppresses tumor angiogenesis and functions as a prognostic marker in human colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:79017-79031. [PMID: 27806345 PMCID: PMC5346695 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ING4, a potential tumor suppressor, is implicated in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, cell migration and angiogenesis. Here, we investigated the clinical value of ING4 and its impact on angiogenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we found that ING4 expression was significantly reduced in CRC tissues versus paired normal colon tissues. Moreover, low ING4 expression was significantly associated with increased lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage and poor overall survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that ING4 expression was an independent favourable prognostic factor for CRC (hazard ratio = 0.45, P = 0.001). In addition, we found that ING4 strongly inhibited CRC angiogenesis by suppressing Sp1 expression and transcriptional activity through ubiquitin degradation and down-regulating the expressions of Sp1 downstream pro-angiogenic genes, MMP-2 and COX-2. Moreover, ING4 might inhibit phosphorylation activity of cyclin/CDK2 complexes to trigger Sp1 degradation by inducing p21 expression in despite of p53 status. Our findings imply that reduced ING4 expression in CRC resulted in increased angiogenesis and contributed to CRC metastasis and poor prognosis. Restoration of ING4 may be a novel strategy for the treatment of metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yefei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pingfu Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guixiang Sun
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lichun Xu
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jin Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
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24
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Giordano G, Spagnuolo A, Olivieri N, Corbo C, Campagna A, Spagnoletti I, Pennacchio RM, Campidoglio S, Pancione M, Palladino L, Villari B, Febbraro A. Cancer drug related cardiotoxicity during breast cancer treatment. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2016; 15:1063-74. [PMID: 27120499 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2016.1182493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women. Although therapeutic armamentarium like chemotherapy, endocrine and target agents have increased survival, cardiovascular side effects have been observed. A comprehensive risk assessment, early detection and management of cardiac adverse events is therefore needed. AREAS COVERED In this review we focus on cardiotoxicity data deriving from Phase III randomized trials, systematic reviews and meta-analysis in BC patients. We provide insight into advances that have been made in the molecular mechanisms, clinical presentation and management of such adverse event. EXPERT OPINION Despite the large number of data from Phase III trials about cardiac events incidence, there are poor evidences for detection, monitoring and management of cardiotoxicity during BC treatment. Future cardiotoxicity-oriented clinical cancer research can help to predict the risk of cardiac adverse events and improve patients' outcome. Multidisciplinary approach as well as integration of blood biomarkers with imaging will be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Giordano
- a Medical Oncology Unit , Ospedale Sacro Cuore di Gesù, Fatebenefratelli , Benevento , Italy
| | - Alessia Spagnuolo
- a Medical Oncology Unit , Ospedale Sacro Cuore di Gesù, Fatebenefratelli , Benevento , Italy
| | - Nunzio Olivieri
- b Department of Biology , University of Naples, Federico II , Napoli , Italy
| | - Claudia Corbo
- a Medical Oncology Unit , Ospedale Sacro Cuore di Gesù, Fatebenefratelli , Benevento , Italy
| | - Angelo Campagna
- a Medical Oncology Unit , Ospedale Sacro Cuore di Gesù, Fatebenefratelli , Benevento , Italy
| | - Ilaria Spagnoletti
- a Medical Oncology Unit , Ospedale Sacro Cuore di Gesù, Fatebenefratelli , Benevento , Italy
| | | | - Serena Campidoglio
- a Medical Oncology Unit , Ospedale Sacro Cuore di Gesù, Fatebenefratelli , Benevento , Italy
| | - Massimo Pancione
- c Duepartment of Science and Technology , University of Sannio , Benevento , Italy
| | - Luciano Palladino
- d Department of Surgery , Ospedale Sacro Cuore di Gesù, Fatebenefratelli , Benevento , Italy
| | - Bruno Villari
- e Department of Cardiology , Ospedale Sacro Cuore di Gesù, Fatebenefratelli , Benevento , Italy
| | - Antonio Febbraro
- a Medical Oncology Unit , Ospedale Sacro Cuore di Gesù, Fatebenefratelli , Benevento , Italy
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25
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Scartozzi M, Vincent L, Chiron M, Cascinu S. Aflibercept, a New Way to Target Angiogenesis in the Second Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC). Target Oncol 2016; 11:489-500. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-016-0447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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26
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Su JC, Mar AC, Wu SH, Tai WT, Chu PY, Wu CY, Tseng LM, Lee TC, Chen KF, Liu CY, Chiu HC, Shiau CW. Disrupting VEGF-A paracrine and autocrine loops by targeting SHP-1 suppresses triple negative breast cancer metastasis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28888. [PMID: 27364975 PMCID: PMC4929457 DOI: 10.1038/srep28888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) had an increased likelihood of distant recurrence and death, as compared with those with non-TNBC subtype. Regorafenib is a multi-receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor targeting oncogenesis and has been approved for metastatic colorectal cancer and advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Recent studies suggest regorafenib acts as a SHP-1 phosphatase agonist. Here, we investigated the potential of regorafenib to suppress metastasis of TNBC cells through targeting SHP-1/p-STAT3/VEGF-A axis. We found a significant correlation between cancer cell migration and SHP-1/p-STAT3/VEGF-A expression in human TNBC cells. Clinically, high VEGF-A expression is associated with worse disease-free and distant metastasis-free survival. Regorafenib induced significant anti-migratory effects, in association with downregulation of p-STAT3 and VEGF-A. To exclude the role of RTK inhibition in regorafenib-induced anti-metastasis, we synthesized a regorafenib derivative, SC-78, that had minimal effect on VEGFR2 and PDGFR kinase inhibition, while having more potent effects on SHP-1 activation. SC-78 demonstrated superior in vitro and in vivo anti-migration to regorafenib. Furthermore, VEGF-A dependent autocrine/paracrine loops were disrupted by regorafenib and SC-78. This study implies that SHP-1/p-STAT3/VEGF-A axis is a potential therapeutic target for metastatic TNBC, and the more potent SC-78 may be a promising lead for suppressing metastasis of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chen Su
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Chung Mar
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hsien Wu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tien Tai
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Wu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chang Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chieh Chiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wai Shiau
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Guan L, Xu G. Damage effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound on breast cancer tissues and their vascularities. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:153. [PMID: 27230124 PMCID: PMC4882851 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0908-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive therapy that makes entire coagulative necrosis of a tumor in deep tissue through the intact skin. There are many reports about the HIFU's efficacy in the treatment of patients with breast cancer, but randomized clinical trials are rare which emphasize on the systematic assessment of histological changes in the ablated tumor vascularities, while clinical trials utilizing bevacizumab and other anti-angiogenic drugs in breast cancer have not demonstrated overall survival benefit. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the damage effect of HIFU on breast cancer tissues and their vascularities. METHODS Randomized clinical trials and the modality of treat-and-resect protocols were adopted. The treated outcome of all patients was followed up in this study. The target lesions of 25 breast cancer patients treated by HIFU were observed after autopsy. One slide was used for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, one slide was used for elastic fiber staining by Victoria blue and Ponceau's histochemical staining, and one slide was used for vascular endothelial cell immunohistochemical staining with biotinylated-ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEAI); all three slides were observed under an optical microscopic. One additional slide was systematically observed by electron microscopy. RESULTS The average follow-up time was 12 months; no local recurrence or a distant metastatic lesion was detected among treated patients. Histological examination of the HE slides indicated that HIFU caused coagulative necrosis in the tumor tissues and their vascularities: all feeder vessels less than 2 mm in diameter in the insonated tumor were occluded, the vascular elasticity provided by fibrin was lost, the cells were disordered and delaminated, and UEAI staining of the target lesions was negative. Immediately after HIFU irradiation, the tumor capillary ultrastructure was destroyed, the capillary endothelium was disintegrated, the peritubular cells were cavitated, and the plasma membrane was incomplete. CONCLUSIONS HIFU ablation can destroy all proliferating tumor cells and their growing vascularities simultaneously; this may break interdependent vicious cycle of tumor angiogenesis and neoplastic cell growth that results in infinite proliferation. While it cannot cause tumor resistance to HIFU ablation, it may be a new anti-angiogenic strategy that needs further clinical observation and exploration. Furthermore, the treatment indications of HIFU ablation were reviewed and discussed in this manuscript.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy
- Carcinoma, Lobular/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Lobular/secondary
- Carcinoma, Lobular/therapy
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation/adverse effects
- Humans
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Mastectomy
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/blood supply
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Prognosis
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhabei District Central Hospital, No. 619, Zhonghuaxin Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai, 200000, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital, Peking University, No. 69, Wanfeng Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100000, China
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Cidon EU, Alonso P, Masters B. Markers of Response to Antiangiogenic Therapies in Colorectal Cancer: Where Are We Now and What Should Be Next? CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2016; 10:41-55. [PMID: 27147901 PMCID: PMC4849423 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s34542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), it remains the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Angiogenesis is a complex process that involves the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels. It is essential for promoting cancer survival, growth, and dissemination. The inhibition of angiogenesis has been shown to prevent tumor progression experimentally, and several chemotherapeutic targets of tumor angiogenesis have been identified. These include anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments, such as bevacizumab (a VEGF-specific binding antibody) and anti-VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, although antiangiogenic therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of several cancers, including CRC. However, it is also associated with its own side effects and financial costs. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers that are able to identify patients who are more likely to benefit from antiangiogenic treatment is very important. This article intends to be a concise summary of the potential biomarkers that can predict or prognosticate the benefit of antiangiogenic treatments in CRC, and also what we can expect in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Una Cidon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth, UK
| | - P Alonso
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Clinical University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain
| | - B Masters
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
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Parcesepe P, Giordano G, Laudanna C, Febbraro A, Pancione M. Cancer-Associated Immune Resistance and Evasion of Immune Surveillance in Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:6261721. [PMID: 27006653 PMCID: PMC4781955 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6261721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Data from molecular profiles of tumors and tumor associated cells provide a model in which cancer cells can acquire the capability of avoiding immune surveillance by expressing an immune-like phenotype. Recent works reveal that expression of immune antigens (PDL1, CD47, CD73, CD14, CD68, MAC387, CD163, DAP12, and CD15) by tumor cells "immune resistance," combined with prometastatic function of nonmalignant infiltrating cells, may represent a strategy to overcome the rate-limiting steps of metastatic cascade through (a) enhanced interactions with protumorigenic myeloid cells and escape from T-dependent immune response mediated by CD8+ and natural killer (NK) cells; (b) production of immune mediators that establish a local and systemic tumor-supportive environment (premetastatic niche); (c) ability to survive either in the peripheral blood as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or at the metastatic site forming a cooperative prometastatic loop with foreign "myeloid" cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, respectively. The development of cancer-specific "immune resistance" can be orchestrated either by cooperation with tumor microenvironment or by successive rounds of genetic/epigenetic changes. Recognition of the applicability of this model may provide effective therapeutic avenues for complete elimination of immune-resistant metastatic cells and for enhanced antitumor immunity as part of a combinatorial strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Parcesepe
- 1Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, 31134 Verona, Italy
| | - Guido Giordano
- 2Medical Oncology Unit, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Carmelo Laudanna
- 3Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine “Gaetano Salvatore”, University “Magna Grecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Febbraro
- 2Medical Oncology Unit, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Massimo Pancione
- 4Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
- *Massimo Pancione:
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30
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Zaniboni A. New active drugs for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Surg 2015; 7:356-9. [PMID: 26730280 PMCID: PMC4691715 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v7.i12.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Newer active drugs have been recently added to the pharmacological armamentarium for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Aflibercept, a recombinant fusion protein composed of the extracellular domains of human vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) 1 and 2 and the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), is an attractive second-line option in combination with folfiri for patients who have failed folfox +/- bevacizumab. Ramucirumab, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets VEGFR-2, provided similar results in the same setting. Tas-102, an oral fluoropyrimidine, and regorafenib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, are both able to control the disease in a considerable proportion of patients when all other available treatments have failed. These new therapeutic options along with the emerging concept that previous therapies may also be reitroduced or rechallenged after regorafenib and Tas-102 failure are bringing new hope for thousands of patients and their families.
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31
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Dahlberg CIM, Sarhan D, Chrobok M, Duru AD, Alici E. Natural Killer Cell-Based Therapies Targeting Cancer: Possible Strategies to Gain and Sustain Anti-Tumor Activity. Front Immunol 2015; 6:605. [PMID: 26648934 PMCID: PMC4663254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells were discovered 40 years ago, by their ability to recognize and kill tumor cells without the requirement of prior antigen exposure. Since then, NK cells have been seen as promising agents for cell-based cancer therapies. However, NK cells represent only a minor fraction of the human lymphocyte population. Their skewed phenotype and impaired functionality during cancer progression necessitates the development of clinical protocols to activate and expand to high numbers ex vivo to be able to infuse sufficient numbers of functional NK cells to the cancer patients. Initial NK cell-based clinical trials suggested that NK cell-infusion is safe and feasible with almost no NK cell-related toxicity, including graft-versus-host disease. Complete remission and increased disease-free survival is shown in a small number of patients with hematological malignances. Furthermore, successful adoptive NK cell-based therapies from haploidentical donors have been demonstrated. Disappointingly, only limited anti-tumor effects have been demonstrated following NK cell infusion in patients with solid tumors. While NK cells have great potential in targeting tumor cells, the efficiency of NK cell functions in the tumor microenvironment is yet unclear. The failure of immune surveillance may in part be due to sustained immunological pressure on tumor cells resulting in the development of tumor escape variants that are invisible to the immune system. Alternatively, this could be due to the complex network of immune-suppressive compartments in the tumor microenvironment, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and regulatory T cells. Although the negative effect of the tumor microenvironment on NK cells can be transiently reverted by ex vivo expansion and long-term activation, the aforementioned NK cell/tumor microenvironment interactions upon reinfusion are not fully elucidated. Within this context, genetic modification of NK cells may provide new possibilities for developing effective cancer immunotherapies by improving NK cell responses and making them less susceptible to the tumor microenvironment. Within this review, we will discuss clinical trials using NK cells with a specific reflection on novel potential strategies, such as genetic modification of NK cells and complementary therapies aimed at improving the clinical outcome of NK cell-based immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carin I M Dahlberg
- Cell Therapies Institute, Nova Southeastern University , Fort Lauderdale, FL , USA ; Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, NOVUM , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Dhifaf Sarhan
- Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Masonic Cancer Research Center, University of Minnesota , Minnesota, MN , USA
| | - Michael Chrobok
- Cell Therapies Institute, Nova Southeastern University , Fort Lauderdale, FL , USA ; Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, NOVUM , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Adil D Duru
- Cell Therapies Institute, Nova Southeastern University , Fort Lauderdale, FL , USA ; Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, NOVUM , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Evren Alici
- Cell Therapies Institute, Nova Southeastern University , Fort Lauderdale, FL , USA ; Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, NOVUM , Stockholm , Sweden ; Hematology Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm , Sweden
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Guan L. Angiogenesis dependent characteristics of tumor observed on rabbit VX2 hepatic carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:12014-12027. [PMID: 26722387 PMCID: PMC4680332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate angiogenesis dependent characteristics of carcinoma proliferation, metastasis and to found if there is tumor vascularity architecture defect. METHODS 36 rabbits were random divided into 2 groups: Experimental group: 18 rabbits liver were implanted with VX2 tumor by surgery operation; CONTROL GROUP 18 experimental rabbits performed the same surgery operation without tumor implantation, the course of tumor growth and blood vessel invasion was observed by autopsy. One slide was used for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, one slide was used for elastic fiber staining by Victoria blue and Ponceau's histochemical staining, and one slide was used for vascular endothelial cell immunohistochemical staining with biotinylated-ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA I); all three slides were observed under an optical microscopic. One additional slide was systematically observed by electron microscopy. SPSS 19.0 software was used for the statistical analyses of the data. RESULTS The tumor grew acceleration after tumor angiogenesis, volume of original tumors was correlated with vascular caliber. The central tumor found necrosis without enough blood supply while tumor grew rapidly after tumor angiogenesis. The tumor infiltrated into liver blood sinus, blood vessels in hepatic interstitial tissue, the liver capsular vein and important organs metastasis such as lungs, kidneys, abdominal cavity caused rabbits died. The average vascular density count of 18 experimental rabbits under 400 times light microscope were 43.17 ± 8.68/vessels/High Power Field; Tumor vascular diameter all within 200 μm. Vascular elastic fiber staining presented tumor blood vessels internal, external elastic plate intact, vascular endothelial cells organelles of tumor were integrity without endothelial cells architecture defect found by pathologic observation. CONCLUSION Proliferation and metastasis of rabbit VX2 hepatic carcinoma was correlated with tumor angiogenesis and no tumor vascular architecture defect was found by pathologic observation, it need further exploration by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhabei District Central Hospital No. 619, Zhonghuaxin Road, Zhabei District, Shanghai 200000, China
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Papadimitriou K, Rolfo C, Dewaele E, Van De Wiel M, Van den Brande J, Altintas S, Huizing M, Specenier P, Peeters M. Incorporating anti-VEGF pathway therapy as a continuum of care in metastatic colorectal cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2015; 16:18. [PMID: 25813037 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-015-0333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer was previously treated with distinctive lines of chemotherapy regimens upon disease progression or toxicity, yet the choices of therapy are actually interrelated, with the selection of a first-line regimen in part determining the choices available for subsequent treatment. Lately the therapeutic approach based on separate lines of treatment, tends to be replaced from a perspective strategical approach, that of the "continuum of care". This strategy targets to an improved overall survival, improved of quality of life and minimization of toxicity through upfront design of treatment selection and sequencing, exposure to all available drugs and minimization of unnecessary treatment. Anti-VEGF treatment has a well-documented role in this approach. Bevacizumab should be included in upfront treatment regimens for all mCRC patients independently of RAS status, unless contraindicated. Upfront bevacizumab could be combined with all available regimens since the optimal choice of backbone chemotherapy is yet to be defined. In RAS wild-type population, when metastasectomy is the target, an anti-EGFR combination is also a valid approach. Maintenance with bevacizumab and fluoropyrimidines should be considered upon intolerance of induction treatment and/or disease stabilization; maintenance with bevacizumab monotherapy should be avoided. In highly selected patients, complete treatment cessation could be also an option. Continuation with bevacizumab upon first progression and switch of the "backbone" chemotherapy is a validated approach. Patients progressing after first-line oxaliplatin regimen including bevacizumab combinations could be treated with an aflibercept-irinotecan combination. When no more options are available, regorafenib monotherapy should be the following choice. Combinations of anti-VEGF and anti-EGFR treatment have no place in this approach and are not indicated.
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Review on the Applications and Molecular Mechanisms of Xihuang Pill in Tumor Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:854307. [PMID: 26170886 PMCID: PMC4479127 DOI: 10.1155/2015/854307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Xihuang pill (XH) is a complementary and alternative medicine that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of tumors since the 18th century. XH has clinical effects on non-Hodgkin lymphoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, and bone metastasis. XH can also inhibit the growth of tumor cells and cancer stem cells, prevent tumor invasion and angiogenesis, and regulate the tumor microenvironment. XH is composed of Ru Xiang (olibanum), Mo Yao (Commiphora myrrha), She Xiang (Moschus), and Niu Huang (Calculus bovis). Some of the compounds found in these ingredients exert multiple antitumor effects and may synergize with the other ingredients. We aimed to summarize the clinical applications and molecular mechanisms of XH and its chemical composition. This review will provide potential new strategies and alternative perspectives for tumor treatments and basic research into complementary and alternative medicine.
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Huang W, Zhu S, Liu Q, Li C, Li L. Placenta growth factor promotes migration through regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related protein expression in cervical cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:8506-8519. [PMID: 25674215 PMCID: PMC4314041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis by enabling cancer cells to depart from the primary tumor, invade surrounding tissue and disseminate to distant organs. The existence and function of EMT in cervical cancer is poorly understood. Placental growth factor (PLGF) has been shown to associate with EMT in various cancers. However, whether PLGF is involved in EMT in cervical cancer remains unclear. Thus the present study examined the relationship between PLGF expression and EMT-related proteins in 110 cervical lesions samples. We detected that PLGF was expressed in 61.8% cervical lesion sections. In addition, PLGF expression is positively correlated with low expression level of E-cadherin and high expression level of vimentin. Serum samples and cervical lavage samples were collected from patients with pre-invasive and invasive lesion of uterine cervix or normal control group, the PLGF levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that a significantly high level of PLGF could be detected both in serum and vaginal lavage compared with normal women group, and there is no significant difference between serum and lavage in PLGF level. In addition, whatever in lavage or in serum, the PLGF level in stage I and II was significantly higher than it in CINIII or cancer in situ. However, there is no significant difference between the stage I and stage II; we also found that exogenous PLGF promotes molecular changes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in siha cells. In addition, application of a specific EKR1/2 inhibitor could reverse the effects of PLGF. These findings suggested that PLGF could regulate the expression of EMT-related proteins and promote migration of siha cells through ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Therapies that targets PLGF/Flt-1/ERK/MAPK signaling pathway may be beneficial in treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Da Ping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (TMMU) Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shuli Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Da Ping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (TMMU) Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Da Ping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (TMMU) Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chanyu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Da Ping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (TMMU) Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Da Ping Hospital & Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University (TMMU) Chongqing, P. R. China
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