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Lin W, Cui H, Teng Q, Li L, Shi Y, Li X, Yang J, Liu Q, Deng J, Li Z. Evolution and pathogenicity of H6 avian influenza viruses isolated from Southern China during 2011 to 2017 in mice and chickens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20583. [PMID: 33239647 PMCID: PMC7689535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
H6 subtype avian influenza viruses spread widely in birds and pose potential threats to poultry and mammals, even to human beings. In this study, the evolution and pathogenicity of H6 AIVs isolated in live poultry markets from 2011 to 2017 were investigated. These H6 isolates were reassortant with other subtypes of influenza virus with increasing genomic diversity. However, no predominant genotype was found during this period. All of the H6N2 and most of the H6N6 isolates replicated efficiently in lungs of inoculated mice without prior adaptation. All of the H6N2 and two H6N6 isolates replicated efficiently in nasal turbinates of inoculated mice, which suggested the H6N2 viruses were more adaptive to the upper respiratory tract of mice than the H6N6 viruses. One of H6N2 virus caused systemic infection in one out of three inoculated mice, which indicated that H6 avian influenza virus, especially the H6N2 viruses posed a potential threat to mammals. Five H6 strains selected from different genotypes caused no clinical signs to inoculated chickens, and their replication were limited in chickens since the viruses have been detected only from a few tissues or swabs at low titers. Our study strongly suggests that the H6 avian influenza virus isolated from live poultry markets pose potential threat to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishan Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Cui
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyang Teng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Luzhao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinfang Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zejun Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Xie X, Na W, Kang A, Yeom M, Yuk H, Moon H, Kim SJ, Kim HW, Kim JK, Pang M, Wang Y, Liu Y, Song D. Comparison of the virulence of three H3N2 canine influenza virus isolates from Korea and China in mouse and Guinea pig models. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:149. [PMID: 29716608 PMCID: PMC5930860 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) has been the most common subtype in Korea and China since 2007. Here, we compared the pathogenicity and transmissibility of three H3N2 CIV strains [Chinese CIV (JS/10), Korean CIV (KR/07), and Korean recombinant CIV between the classic H3N2 CIV and the pandemic H1N1 virus (MV/12)] in BALB/c mouse and guinea pig models. The pandemic H1N1 (CA/09) strain served as the control. Results BALB/c mice infected with H1N1 had high mortality and obvious body weight loss, whereas no overt disease symptoms were observed in mice inoculated with H3N2 CIV strains. The viral titers were higher in the group MV/12 than those in groups JS/10 and KR/07, while the mice infected with JS/10 showed higher viral titers in all tissues (except for the lung) than the mice infected with KR/07. The data obtained in guinea pigs also demonstrated that group MV/12 presented the highest loads in most of the tissues, followed by group JS/10 and KR/07. Also, direct contact transmissions of all the three CIV strains could be observed in guinea pigs, and for the inoculated and the contact groups, the viral titer of group MV/12 and KR/07 was higher than that of group JS/10 in nasal swabs. These findings indicated that the matrix (M) gene obtained from the pandemic H1N1 may enhance viral replication of classic H3N2 CIV; JS/10 has stronger viral replication ability in tissues as compared to KR/07, whereas KR/07 infected guinea pigs have more viral shedding than JS/10 infected guinea pigs. Conclusions There exists a discrepancy in pathobiology among CIV isolates. Reverse genetics regarding the genomes of CIV isolates will be helpful to further explain the virus characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Woonsung Na
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, South Korea
| | - Aram Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, South Korea
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, South Korea
| | - Heejun Yuk
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, South Korea
| | - Hyoungjoon Moon
- Research Unit, Green Cross Veterinary Products, Yong-in, 17066, South Korea
| | - Sung-Jae Kim
- Research Unit, Green Cross Veterinary Products, Yong-in, 17066, South Korea.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Virology Lab, College of Veterinary Medicine, and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Kwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Research Unit, Green Cross Veterinary Products, Yong-in, 17066, South Korea.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumor Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neundong-ro, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Ki Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, South Korea
| | - Maoda Pang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yongshan Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, South Korea.
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Chen L, Zhu F, Xiong C, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Chen Y, Zhao G, Jiang Q. Could a deletion in neuraminidase stalk strengthen human tropism of the novel avian influenza virus H7N9 in China, 2013? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:1020-8. [PMID: 25608590 PMCID: PMC4306908 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. A novel avian influenza A virus (AIV) H7N9 subtype which emerged in China in 2013 caused worldwide concern. Deletion of amino-acids 69 to 73 in the neuraminidase stalk was its most notable characteristic. This study is aimed to discuss the tropism and virulence effects of this deletion. Methods: Neuraminidase gene sequences of N9 subtype were collected from NCBI and GISAID. MEGA6.0, Stata12.0, and UCSF Chimera were employed for sequence aligning, significance testing, and protein tertiary structure homology modeling. Results: A total of 736 sequences were obtained; there were 81 human isolates of the novel AIV H7N9, of which 79 had the deletion. Among all the 654 avian origin sequences, only 43 had the deletion (p < 0.001). Tertiary structure displayed that the deletion obviously changed the spatial direction of neuraminidase. Conclusions: The deletion in neuraminidase stalk could have strengthened human tropism of the novel AIV H7N9, as well as its virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- Intensive Care Unit of Burn and Trauma Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chenglong Xiong
- Department of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lufang Jiang
- Department of Sanitary Microbiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Genming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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