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de Melo AD, Freire VAF, Diogo ÍL, Santos HDL, Barbosa LA, de Carvalho LED. Antioxidant Therapy Reduces Oxidative Stress, Restores Na,K-ATPase Function and Induces Neuroprotection in Rodent Models of Seizure and Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1397. [PMID: 37507936 PMCID: PMC10376594 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by epileptic seizures resulting from neuronal hyperexcitability, which may be related to failures in Na,K-ATPase activity and oxidative stress participation. We conducted this study to investigate the impact of antioxidant therapy on oxidative stress, Na,K-ATPase activity, seizure factors, and mortality in rodent seizure/epilepsy models induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), pilocarpine (PILO), and kainic acid (KA). After screening 561 records in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus databases, 22 were included in the systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. The meta-analysis included 14 studies and showed that in epileptic animals there was an increase in the oxidizing agents nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), with a reduction in endogenous antioxidants reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SO). The Na,K-ATPase activity was reduced in all areas evaluated. Antioxidant therapy reversed all of these parameters altered by seizure or epilepsy induction. In addition, there was a percentage decrease in the number of seizures and mortality, and a meta-analysis showed a longer seizure latency in animals using antioxidant therapy. Thus, this study suggests that the use of antioxidants promotes neuroprotective effects and mitigates the effects of epilepsy. The protocol was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42022356960.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Dutra de Melo
- Departamento de Ciências e Linguagens, Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, Bambui 38900-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victor Antonio Ferreira Freire
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Leonardo Diogo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hérica de Lima Santos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro Augusto Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Divinopolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Moreira VM, Leite JMDS, Medeiros KDA, Assis KMAD, Borges JC, Santana LMB, Moreira LMCDC, Alves LP, Oliveira TKBD, Silveira JWDSD, Silva DTCD, Damasceno BPGDL. Pentoxifylline/Chitosan Films on Wound Healing: In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041122. [PMID: 37111607 PMCID: PMC10143649 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop films of chitosan (CSF) associated with pentoxifylline (PTX) for healing cutaneous wounds. These films were prepared at two concentrations, F1 (2.0 mg/mL) and F2 (4.0 mg/mL), and the interactions between the materials, structural characteristics, in vitro release, and morphometric aspects of skin wounds in vivo were evaluated. The formation of the CSF film with acetic acid modifies the polymeric structure, and the PTX demonstrates interaction with the CSF, in a semi-crystalline structure, for all concentrations. The release for all films was proportional to the concentration, with two phases: a fast one of ≤2 h and a slow one of >2 h, releasing 82.72 and 88.46% of the drug after 72 h, being governed by the Fickian diffusion mechanism. The wounds of the mice demonstrate a reduction of up to 60% in the area on day 2 for F2 when compared to CSF, F1, and positive control, and this characteristic of faster healing speed for F2 continues until the ninth day with wound reduction of 85%, 82%, and 90% for CSF, F1, and F2, respectively. Therefore, the combination of CSF and PTX is effective in their formation and incorporation, demonstrating that a higher concentration of PTX accelerates skin-wound reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandiara Martins Moreira
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Joandra Maísa da Silva Leite
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Kaline de Araújo Medeiros
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Karoll Moangella Andrade de Assis
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Joyce Cordeiro Borges
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Lucas Matheus Barreto Santana
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Lívia Maria Coelho de Carvalho Moreira
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Larissa Pereira Alves
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | | | - João Walter de Souza da Silveira
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Dayanne Tomaz Casimiro da Silva
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Bolívar Ponciano Goulart de Lima Damasceno
- Graduate Program fo Pharmaceutical Science (PPGCF), State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
- Laboratory of Development and Characterization of Pharmaceutical Products (LDCPF), Department of Pharmacy, UEPB, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
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Abo El-Magd NF, Ebrahim HA, El-Sherbiny M, Eisa NH. Quinacrine Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Renal Toxicity via Modulation of Sirtuin-1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910660. [PMID: 34639002 PMCID: PMC8508772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal toxicity is a serious side effect that hinders the use of cisplatin, a commonly used and effective chemotherapeutic agent. Meanwhile, quinacrine is an FDA approved drug that has been stated for its anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, we investigated the ameliorative effect of quinacrine against cisplatin-induced renal toxicity. Single intraperitoneal (i.p.) 10 mg/kg cisplatin administration induced renal injury in rats. Our results showed that 10 mg/kg/day quinacrine decreased the mortality rate of rats from 46.15% (cisplatin group) to 12.5%, and significantly decreased renal tissue fibrosis, relative kidney to body weight ratio, serum creatinine and urea levels compared with the cisplatin group. Indeed, quinacrine significantly decreased renal malondialdehyde concentration and increased renal total antioxidant capacity, compared with the cisplatin group. Furthermore, quinacrine caused significant upregulation of renal sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) with significant downregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Moreover, quinacrine significantly blocked cisplatin-induced apoptosis, which was made evident by downregulating renal apoptotic proteins (BAX and p53) and upregulating the renal anti-apoptotic protein BCL2, compared with the cisplatin group. In conclusion, this study demonstrates, for the first time, that quinacrine alleviates cisplatin-induced renal toxicity via upregulating SIRT-1, downregulating inflammatory markers (ICAM-1 and TNF-α), reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada F. Abo El-Magd
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (N.F.A.E.-M.); (N.H.E.)
| | - Hasnaa Ali Ebrahim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nada H. Eisa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (N.F.A.E.-M.); (N.H.E.)
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Gangar K, Bhatt LK. Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Comorbidities Associated with Epilepsy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 13:85-93. [PMID: 31793425 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666191203101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common neurological disorders, which occurs among 1% of the population worldwide, is epilepsy. Therapeutic failure is common with epilepsy and nearly about 30% of patients fall in this category. Seizure suppression should not be the only goal while treating epilepsy but associated comorbidities, which can further worsen the condition, should also be considered. Treatment of such comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, cognition, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and, various other disorders which co-exist with epilepsy or are caused due to epilepsy should also be treated. Novel targets or the existing targets are needed to be explored for the dual mechanism which can suppress both the disease and the comorbidity. New therapeutic targets such as IDO, nNOS, PAR1, NF-κb are being explored for their role in epilepsy and various comorbidities. This review explores recent therapeutic targets for the treatment of comorbidities associated with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Gangar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India
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Badawi GA, Shokr MM, Zaki HF, Mohamed AF. Pentoxifylline prevents epileptic seizure via modulating HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4 signalling pathway and improves memory in pentylenetetrazol kindling rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1111-1124. [PMID: 33899956 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic widely prevalent neurologic disorder, affecting brain functions with a broad spectrum of deleterious consequences. High mobility group box1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear non-histone protein that targets vital cell receptor of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and advanced glycation end products (RAGE). HMGB1 mediated TLR4/RAGE cascade has been scored as a key culprit in neuroinflammatory signalling that critically evokes development of impaired cognition and epilepsy. The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindling rats by its anti-inflammatory/antioxidant capacity and its impact on memory and cognition were investigated, too. PTZ was intraperitoneally injected 35 mg/kg, every 48 h, for 14 doses, to evoke kindling model. Phenytoin (30 mg/kg, i.p.) and PTX (60 mg/kg, i.p.) or their combination were given once daily for 27 days. PTX treatment showed a statistically significant effect on behavioural, histopathological and neurochemical analysis. PTX protected the PTZ kindling rats from epileptic seizures and improved memory and cognitive impairment through the Morris water maze (MWM) test. Furthermore, PTX reversed PTZ hippocampal neuronal loss by decreasing protein expression of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), Tau and β site-amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1), associated with a marked reduction in expression of inflammatory mediators such as HMGB1, TL4, and RAGE proteins. Furthermore, PTX inhibited hippocampal apoptotic caspase 1 protein, total reactive oxygen species (TROS) along with upregulated erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) content. In conclusion, PTX or its combination with phenytoin represent a promising drug to inhibit the epilepsy progression via targeting the HMGB1/TLR4/RAGE signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Badawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, EL-Arish, Egypt
| | - Mustafa M Shokr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, EL-Arish, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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El-Sayed SS, El-Yamany MF, Salem HA, El-Sahar AE. New insights into the effects of vinpocetine against neurobehavioral comorbidities in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy via the downregulation of the hippocampal PI3K/mTOR signalling pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:626-640. [PMID: 33772295 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As one of the most frequent worldwide neurological disorders, epilepsy is an alteration of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by abnormal increases in neuronal electrical activity. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway has been investigated as an interesting objective in epilepsy research. Vinpocetine (VNP), a synthesized derivative of the apovincamine alkaloid, has been used in different cerebrovascular disorders. This study aimed to examine the modulatory effects of VNP on neurobehavioral comorbidities via the mTOR signalling pathway in a lithium-pilocarpine (Li-Pil) rat model of seizures. METHODS In male Wistar rats, seizures were induced with a single administration of pilocarpine (60 mg/kg; i.p.) 20 hours after the delivery of a single dose of lithium (3 mEq/kg; i.p.). VNP (10 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered daily for 14 consecutive days before Li-Pil administration. KEY FINDINGS VNP had a protective effect against Li-Pil-induced seizures. VNP improved both the locomotor and cognitive abilities, moreover, VNP exerted a neuroprotective action, as verified histologically and by its inhibitory effects on hippocampal glutamate excitotoxicity, mTOR pathway, and inflammatory and apoptotic parameters. CONCLUSIONS VNP is a valuable candidate for epilepsy therapy via its modulation of the mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis with emphasis on its modulatory effect on mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F El-Yamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman E El-Sahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, Egypt
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Daanaa S, Abotsi WKM, Boakye-Gyasi E, Woode E. Anticonvulsant effect of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Psydrax subcordata (DC.) Bridson in murine models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:384-394. [PMID: 29183747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psydrax subcordata (DC.) Bridson is a tropical medicinal plant used traditionally for the management of epilepsy. However, there is little scientific evidence to support its use. AIM OF STUDY The current study investigated the anticonvulsant properties of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Psydrax subcordata (PSE) in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anticonvulsant effects were evaluated in mouse models of acute seizures (pentylenetetrazole-, picrotoxin-, 4-aminopyridine-, strychnine- and maximal electroshock-induced seizure tests) and status epilepticus (Lithium/pilocarpine-induced SE). The role of GABAergic mechanisms in the actions of the extract was also examined by pre-treatment of animals with flumazenil in the pentylenetetrazole test. RESULTS The extract (30, 100 and 300mg/kg, p.o.) significantly delayed the onset and decreased the duration and frequency of pentylenetetrazole- and picrotoxin-convulsions. PSE also reduced the duration of tonic hind limb extensions in the maximal electroshock-induced seizure test. Furthermore, PSE pre-treatment significantly delayed the onset of seizures and improved survival in the 4-aminopyridine-induced seizure test. In the strychnine-induced seizure test, PSE treatment did not significantly affect the latency to convulsions and time until death when compared to controls. PSE exhibited anticonvulsant effects in the lithium/pilocarpine test by delaying the onset of seizures and status epilepticus as well as reducing the severity of seizures and mortality of mice. Again, the anticonvulsant effect of PSE (100mg/kg, p.o.) was blocked by pre-treatment with flumazenil in the PTZ test. CONCLUSION PSE has anticonvulsant activity in animal models, and this effect may be mediated, at least partly, through GABAergic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Daanaa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Wonder Kofi Mensah Abotsi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Eric Boakye-Gyasi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Eric Woode
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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Mirza N, Sills GJ, Pirmohamed M, Marson AG. Identifying new antiepileptic drugs through genomics-based drug repurposing. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:527-537. [PMID: 28053048 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) fail to control seizures in 30% of patients. Genomics-based drug repurposing (GBR) offers the potential of savings in the time and cost of developing new AEDs. In the current study, we used published data and software to identify the transcriptomic signature of chornic temporal lobe epilepsy and the drugs that reverse it. After filtering out compounds based on exclusion criteria, such as toxicity, 36 drugs were retained. 11 of the 36 drugs identified (>30%) have published evidence of the antiepileptic efficacy (for example, curcumin) or antiepileptogenic affect (for example, atorvastatin) in recognised rodent models or patients. By objectively annotating all ∼20,000 compounds in the LINCS database as either having published evidence of antiepileptic efficacy or lacking such evidence, we demonstrated that our set of repurposable drugs is ∼6-fold more enriched with drugs having published evidence of antiepileptic efficacy in animal models than expected by chance (P-value <0.006). Further, we showed that another of our GBR-identified drugs, the commonly-used well-tolerated antihyperglycemic sitagliptin, produces a dose-dependent reduction in seizures in a mouse model of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. In conclusion, GBR successfully identifies compounds with antiepileptic efficacy in animal models and, hence, it is an appealing methodology for the discovery of potential AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Mirza
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Greame J Sills
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Anthony G Marson
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
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Shao YY, Li B, Huang YM, Luo Q, Xie YM, Chen YH. Thymoquinone Attenuates Brain Injury via an Anti-oxidative Pathway in a Status Epilepticus Rat Model. Transl Neurosci 2017; 8:9-14. [PMID: 28400978 PMCID: PMC5384046 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Status epilepticus (SE) results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contribute to seizure-induced brain injury. It is well known that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in status epilepticus (SE). Thymoquinone (TQ) is a bioactive monomer extracted from black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed oil that has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antioxidant activity in various diseases. This study evaluated the protective effects of TQ on brain injury in a lithium-pilocarpine rat model of SE and investigated the underlying mechanism related to antioxidative pathway. METHODS Electroencephalogram and Racine scale were used to value seizure severity. Passive-avoidance test was used to determine learning and memory function. Moreover, anti-oxidative activity of TQ was observed using Western blot and super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay. RESULTS Latency to SE increased in the TQ-pretreated group compared with rats in the model group, while the total power was significantly lower. Seizure severity measured on the Racine scale was significantly lower in the TQ group compared with the model group. Results of behavioral experiments suggest that TQ may also have a protective effect on learning and memory function. Investigation of the protective mechanism of TQ showed that TQ-pretreatment significantly increased the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 proteins and SOD in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION These findings showed that TQ attenuated brain injury induced by SE via an anti-oxidative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ye Shao
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Bing Li
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yong-Mei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yang-Mei Xie
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Ying-Hui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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Alleviation of Oxidative Damage and Involvement of Nrf2-ARE Pathway in Mesodopaminergic System and Hippocampus of Status Epilepticus Rats Pretreated by Intranasal Pentoxifylline. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7908072. [PMID: 28386312 PMCID: PMC5366206 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7908072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The current studies were aimed at evaluating the efficacy of intranasal pentoxifylline (Ptx) pretreatment in protecting mesodopaminergic system and hippocampus from oxidative damage of lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) and the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2- (Nrf2-) antioxidant response elements pathway. Pentoxifylline was administered to rats intranasally or intraperitoneally 30 minutes before inducing SE. Our results showed the impaired visuospatial memory, the defected mesodopaminergic system, and the oxidative damage and the transient activation of Nrf2 in SE rats. The transient activation of Nrf2 in SE rats was enhanced by Ptx pretreatment, which was followed by the upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1. Ptx pretreatment to SE rats significantly suppressed the epileptic seizures, decreased the levels of lipid peroxide and malondialdehyde, and elevated the ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione. Compared with intraperitoneal injection, intranasal Ptx delivery completely restored the visuospatial memory and the activity of mesodopaminergic system in SE rats. Intranasal administration of Ptx may hopefully become a noninvasive, painless, and easily administered option for epileptic patients.
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Eslami SM, Moradi MM, Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR. Anticonvulsive Effects of Licofelone on Status Epilepticus Induced by Lithium-pilocarpine in Wistar Rats: a Role for Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase. J Epilepsy Res 2016; 6:51-58. [PMID: 28101475 PMCID: PMC5206100 DOI: 10.14581/jer.16011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological disorder with high prevalence and mortality rates, requiring immediate intervention. Licofelone is a cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor, which its effectiveness to treat osteoarthritis has been approved. Increasing evidence suggests an involvement of COX and LOX enzymes in epileptic disorders. Thus, in the present study we investigate possible effects of licofelone on prevention and termination of SE. We also evaluated whether the nitrergic system could participate in this effect of licofelone. Methods We have utilized lithium-pilocarpine model of SE in adult Wistar rats to assess the potential effect of licofelone on seizure susceptibility. Licofelone was administered 1 h before pilocarpine. To evaluate probable role of nitric oxide (NO) system, L-arginine (60 mg/kg, i.p.), as a NO precursor; L-NAME (15 mg/kg, i.p.), as a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor; aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg, i.p.), as an inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor and 7-nitroindazole (60 mg/kg, i.p.), as a neuronal NOS inhibitor were injected 15 min before licofelone. Also, licofelone and diazepam 10 mg/kg were administered 30 minutes after onset of SE. Results Pre-treatment with licofelone at the dosage of 10 mg/kg, significantly prevented the onset of SE in all subjects (p < 0.001). L-arginine significantly inverted this anticonvulsant effect (p < 0.05). However, L-NAME and aminoguanidine, potentiated the anticonvulsant effect of licofelone (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Licofelone could not terminate seizures after onset which was terminated by diazepam. Conclusions Our findings showed that anticonvulsive effects of licofelone on SE could be mediated by iNOS. Also, we suggest that COX/5-LOX activation is possibly required in the initial stage of onset but SE recruits extra excitatory pathways with prolongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Majid Eslami
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mobin Moradi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ahmed MAE, El-Awdan SA. Lipoic acid and pentoxifylline mitigate nandrolone decanoate-induced neurobehavioral perturbations in rats via re-balance of brain neurotransmitters, up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and down-regulation of TNFR1 expression. Horm Behav 2015; 73:186-99. [PMID: 26187709 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral perturbations associated with nandrolone decanoate abuse by athletes and adolescents may be attributed to oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully explored. On the other hand, the natural antioxidant lipoic acid can pass the blood brain barrier and enhance Nrf2/HO-1 (nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1) pathway. In addition, the phosphodiesterase-IV inhibitor xanthine derivative pentoxifylline has a remarkable inhibitory effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Therefore, this study aimed at investigation of the possible protective effects of lipoic acid and/or pentoxifylline against nandrolone-induced neurobehavioral alterations in rats. Accordingly, male albino rats were randomly distributed into seven groups and treated with either vehicle, nandrolone (15mg/kg, every third day, s.c.), lipoic acid (100mg/kg/day, p.o.), pentoxifylline (200mg/kg/day, i.p.), or nandrolone with lipoic acid and/or pentoxifylline. Rats were challenged in the open field, rewarded T-maze, Morris water maze, and resident-intruder aggression behavioral tests. The present findings showed that nandrolone induced hyperlocomotion, anxiety, memory impairment, and aggression in rats. These behavioral abnormalities were accompanied by several biochemical changes, including altered levels of brain monoamines, GABA, and acetylcholine, enhanced levels of malondialdehyde and TNF-α, elevated activity of acetylcholinesterase, and up-regulated expression of TNF-α receptor-1 (TNFR1). In addition, inhibited catalase activity, down-regulated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and suppressed acetylcholine receptor expression were observed. Lipoic acid and pentoxifylline combination significantly mitigated all the previously mentioned deleterious effects mainly via up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, inhibition of TNF-α and down-regulation of TNFR1 expression. In conclusion, the biochemical and histopathological findings of this study revealed the protective mechanisms of lipoic acid and pentoxifylline against nandrolone-induced behavioral changes and neurotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Sally A El-Awdan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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