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Jagasia S, Tasci E, Zhuge Y, Camphausen K, Krauze AV. Identifying patients suitable for targeted adjuvant therapy: advances in the field of developing biomarkers for tumor recurrence following irradiation. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2023; 8:33-42. [PMID: 37982134 PMCID: PMC10655913 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2023.2276927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Radiation therapy (RT) is commonly used to treat cancer in conjunction with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies. Despite the effectiveness of RT, tumor recurrence due to treatment resistance still lead to treatment failure. RT-specific biomarkers are currently lacking and remain challenging to investigate with existing data since, for many common malignancies, standard of care (SOC) paradigms involve the administration of RT in conjunction with other agents. Areas Covered Established clinically relevant biomarkers are used in surveillance, as prognostic indicators, and sometimes for treatment planning; however, the inability to intercept early recurrence or predict upfront resistance to treatment remains a significant challenge that limits the selection of patients for adjuvant therapy. We discuss attempts at intercepting early failure. We examine biomarkers that have made it into the clinic where they are used for treatment monitoring and management alteration, and novel biomarkers that lead the field with targeted adjuvant therapy seeking to harness these. Expert Opinion Given the growth of data correlating interventions with omic analysis toward identifying biomarkers of radiation resistance, more robust markers of recurrence that link to biology will increasingly be leveraged toward targeted adjuvant therapy to make a successful transition to the clinic in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jagasia
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - E Tasci
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ying Zhuge
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - K Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A V Krauze
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, CRC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Veikutis V, Brazdziunas M, Keleras E, Basevicius A, Grib A, Skaudickas D, Lukosevicius S. Diagnostic Approaches to Adult-Type Diffuse Glial Tumors: Comparative Literature and Clinical Practice Study. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:7818-7835. [PMID: 37754483 PMCID: PMC10528153 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30090568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent intrinsic central nervous system tumors. The new 2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors brought significant changes into the classification of gliomas, that underline the role of molecular diagnostics, with the adult-type diffuse glial tumors now identified primarily by their biomarkers rather than histology. The status of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 describes tumors at their molecular level and together with the presence or absence of 1p/19q codeletion are the most important biomarkers used for the classification of adult-type diffuse glial tumors. In recent years terminology has also changed. IDH-mutant, as previously known, is diagnostically used as astrocytoma and IDH-wildtype is used as glioblastoma. A comprehensive understanding of these tumors not only gives patients a more proper treatment and better prognosis but also highlights new difficulties. MR imaging is of the utmost importance for diagnosing and supervising the response to treatment. By monitoring the tumor on followup exams better results can be achieved. Correlations are seen between tumor diagnostic and clinical manifestation and surgical administration, followup care, oncologic treatment, and outcomes. Minimal resection site use of functional imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have become indispensable tools in invasive treatment. Perfusion imaging provides insightful information about the vascularity of the tumor, spectroscopy shows metabolic activity, and nuclear medicine imaging displays tumor metabolism. To accommodate better treatment the differentiation of pseudoprogression, pseudoresponse, or radiation necrosis is needed. In this report, we present a literature review of diagnostics of gliomas, the differences in their imaging features, and our radiology's departments accumulated experience concerning gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincentas Veikutis
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.B.); (E.K.); (A.B.); (D.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Mindaugas Brazdziunas
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.B.); (E.K.); (A.B.); (D.S.); (S.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Kaunas University of Applied Sciences, LT44162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Keleras
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.B.); (E.K.); (A.B.); (D.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Algidas Basevicius
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.B.); (E.K.); (A.B.); (D.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Andrei Grib
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, MD2004 Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Darijus Skaudickas
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.B.); (E.K.); (A.B.); (D.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Saulius Lukosevicius
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.B.); (E.K.); (A.B.); (D.S.); (S.L.)
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3
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Gillette JS, Wang EJ, Dowd RS, Toms SA. Barriers to overcoming immunotherapy resistance in glioblastoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1175507. [PMID: 37275361 PMCID: PMC10232794 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1175507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, known for its poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. Current standard of care includes surgical resection followed by combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Although immunotherapies have yielded promising results in hematological malignancies, their successful application in GBM remains limited due to a host of immunosuppressive factors unique to GBM. As a result of these roadblocks, research efforts have focused on utilizing combinatorial immunotherapies that target networks of immune processes in GBM with promising results in both preclinical and clinical trials, although limitations in overcoming the immunosuppressive factors within GBM remain. In this review, we aim to discuss the intrinsic and adaptive immune resistance unique to GBM and to summarize the current evidence and outcomes of engineered and non-engineered treatments targeted at overcoming GBM resistance to immunotherapy. Additionally, we aim to highlight the most promising strategies of targeted GBM immunotherapy combinatorial treatments and the insights that may directly improve the current patient prognosis and clinical care.
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4
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Carlos-Escalante JA, Mejía-Pérez SI, Soto-Reyes E, Guerra-Calderas L, Cacho-Díaz B, Torres-Arciga K, Montalvo-Casimiro M, González-Barrios R, Reynoso-Noverón N, Ruiz-de la Cruz M, Díaz-Velásquez CE, Vidal-Millán S, Álvarez-Gómez RM, Sánchez-Correa TE, Pech-Cervantes CH, Soria-Lucio JA, Pérez-Castillo A, Salazar AM, Arriaga-Canon C, Vaca-Paniagua F, González-Arenas A, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Mohar-Betancourt A, Herrera LA, Corona T, Wegman-Ostrosky T. Deep DNA sequencing of MGMT, TP53 and AGT in Mexican astrocytoma patients identifies an excess of genetic variants in women and a predictive biomarker. J Neurooncol 2023; 161:165-174. [PMID: 36525166 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Astrocytomas are a type of malignant brain tumor with an unfavorable clinical course. The impact of AGT and MGMT somatic variants in the prognosis of astrocytoma is unknown, and it is controversial for TP53. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the molecular characteristics of astrocytomas in Mexican patients. METHODS We studied 48 Mexican patients, men and women, with astrocytoma (discovery cohort). We performed DNA deep sequencing in tumor samples, targeting AGT, MGMT and TP53, and we studied MGMT gene promoter methylation status. Then we compared our findings to a cohort which included data from patients with astrocytoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (validation cohort). RESULTS In the discovery cohort, we found a higher number of somatic variants in AGT and MGMT than in the validation cohort (10.4% vs < 1%, p < 0.001), and, in both cohorts, we observed only women carried variants AGT variants. We also found that the presence of either MGMT variant or promoter methylation was associated to better survival and response to chemotherapy, and, in conjunction with TP53 variants, to progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of AGT variants only in women expands our knowledge about the molecular differences in astrocytoma between men and women. The increased prevalence of AGT and MGMT variants in the discovery cohort also points towards possible distinctions in the molecular landscape of astrocytoma among populations. Our findings warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Iliana Mejía-Pérez
- Departamento de Enseñanza, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Soto-Reyes
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, 05370, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lissania Guerra-Calderas
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, 05370, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Cacho-Díaz
- Unidad de Neuro-Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karla Torres-Arciga
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michel Montalvo-Casimiro
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy Reynoso-Noverón
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ruiz-de la Cruz
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénsis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clara Estela Díaz-Velásquez
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Silvia Vidal-Millán
- Clínica de Cáncer Hereditario, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Thalía Estefanía Sánchez-Correa
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suarez", 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudio Hiram Pech-Cervantes
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suarez", 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Soria-Lucio
- Departamento de Traumatología y Ortopedia, Hospital General Regional #2, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 14310, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Areli Pérez-Castillo
- Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital General Regional #1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 61303, Charo, Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristian Arriaga-Canon
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vaca-Paniagua
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Aliesha González-Arenas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Mohar-Betancourt
- Unidad de Epidemiología e Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM-INCAN, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Dirección General, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), 14610, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Corona
- Laboratorio Clínico de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, "Manuel Velasco Suárez", 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Murugan AK, Alzahrani AS. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations in Human Cancer: Prognostic Implications for Gliomas. Br J Biomed Sci 2022; 79:10208. [PMID: 35996504 PMCID: PMC8915566 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2021.10208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: There are isolated reports of mutations in genes for isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1 and IDH2), but few have been examined in a large number of different malignancies. We aimed to analyze mutational prevalence of these genes in a large series of cancers and determine their significance in most mutated phenotype. Methods: We analyzed the frequencies of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in 14,726 malignancies of 37 cancers. Furthermore, we examined these mutations in the most frequent cancer (gliomas, 923 cases) from a single cohort, and determined their clinical significance. Results:IDH1 mutations were present in 3% (473/14,726) of cancers. The highest frequencies were in oligodendrogliomas (91/102, 89%), anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (40/46, 87%), and diffuse astrocytomas (89/116, 77%). IDH2 mutation was detected in <1% (83/14,726) of cancers, but were present in 13% (6/46) of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 9% (9/102) of oligodendrogliomas, and in 5% (2/39) of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. Further analyses of 923 gliomas revealed 34 and 1% of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations, respectively. In up to 342 months of follow-up, IDH1 and IDH2 mutations were significantly linked with better overall (OS) (both p = 0.01) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.01; p = 0.004), respectively. Conclusion:IDH1 and IDH2 are often mutated in a tissue-specific manner, most commonly in gliomas. Mutation in both genes is linked to OS and PFS. Our findings suggest that these genes are promising therapeutic targets and strong prognostic biomarkers in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Murugan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: A. K. Murugan,
| | - A. S. Alzahrani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Liu HQ, Li WX, An YW, Wu T, Jiang GY, Dong Y, Chen WX, Wang JC, Wang C, Song S. Integrated analysis of the genomic and transcriptional profile of gliomas with isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 and tumor protein 53 mutations. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221139262. [PMID: 36377597 PMCID: PMC9669701 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221139262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The gene mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1)
is commonly found in LGG and some GBM patients and usually carries tumor protein
53 (TP53) mutations. However, the underlying mechanisms on both mutations of
glioma patients in IDH1 and TP53 are still unclear. Aim: To find
the potential target markers in GBM and LGG patients with IDH1 and TP53
mutation.Method: A total of 1122 glioma patients from The
Cancer Genome Atlas were enrolled and divided as wild-type (without IDH1 and
TP53 mutations) or both mutant (both IDH1 and TP53 mutations). The data of
clinicopathological characteristics, mRNA, mutations, and copy number alteration
were analyzed. Results: IDH1 and TP53 mutations, not gene
expression, affect the survival probability of GBM and LGG patients, which might
be related to neuron function, immune function, tumor invasion, and metastasis.
The effects of the selected gene (EMILIN3, SAA1, VSTM2A, HAMP, IFT80, and CHIC2)
on glioma patients could be regulated by IDH1 and TP53 mutations and had a
higher survival possibility in these patients. Conclusions: The
selected genes in GBM and LGG patients with IDH1 and TP53 mutations could be a
potential prognosis marker in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Wen An
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xin Chen
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Chun Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Song
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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7
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Lin W, Ou G, Zhao W. Mutational profiling of low-grade gliomas identifies prognosis and immunotherapy-related biomarkers and tumour immune microenvironment characteristics. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10111-10125. [PMID: 34597473 PMCID: PMC8572778 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade glioma (LGG) is a heterogeneous tumour with the median survival rate less than 10 years. Therefore, it is urgent to develop efficient immunotherapy strategies of LGG. In this study, we analysed mutation profiles based on the data of 510 LGG patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and investigated the prognostic value of mutated genes and evaluate their immune infiltration. Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithm was used to indicate the characteristics of gliomas that respond to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis was performed to identify indicators to construct the nomogram model. 485 (95.47%) of 508 LGG samples showed gene mutation, and 9 mutated genes were significantly related to overall survival (OS), among which 6 mutated genes were significantly correlated with OS between mutation and wildtypes. Immune infiltration and immune score analyses revealed that these six mutated genes were significantly associated with tumour immune microenvironment in LGG. The response of LGG with different characteristics to ICB was evaluated by TIDE algorithm. Finally, CIC gene was screened through both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and the nomogram model was established to determine the potential prognostic value of CIC in LGG. Our study provides comprehensive analysis of mutated genes in LGG, supporting modulation of mutated genes in the management of LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐wen Lin
- Center for NeuroscienceShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Guan‐yong Ou
- Center for NeuroscienceShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Wei‐jiang Zhao
- Center for NeuroscienceShantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
- Cell biology department, Wuxi School of MedicineJiangnan UniversityWuxi, JiangsuChina
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8
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Guo J, Zhang R, Yang Z, Duan Z, Yin D, Zhou Y. Biological Roles and Therapeutic Applications of IDH2 Mutations in Human Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:644857. [PMID: 33981605 PMCID: PMC8107474 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.644857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is a key metabolic enzyme catalyzing the interconversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Mutations in IDH lead to loss of normal enzymatic activity and gain of neomorphic activity that irreversibly converts α-KG to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), which can competitively inhibit a-KG-dependent enzymes, subsequently induces cell metabolic reprograming, inhibits cell differentiation, and initiates cell tumorigenesis. Encouragingly, this phenomenon can be reversed by specific small molecule inhibitors of IDH mutation. At present, small molecular inhibitors of IDH1 and IDH2 mutant have been developed, and promising progress has been made in preclinical and clinical development, showing encouraging results in patients with IDH2 mutant cancers. This review will focus on the biological roles of IDH2 mutation in tumorigenesis, and provide a proof-of-principle for the development and application of IDH2 mutant inhibitors for human cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Detao Yin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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9
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Naz H, Bashir Q, Rashid N, Shahzad N. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene variants analysis of glioma patients from Pakistan. Ann Hum Genet 2020; 85:73-79. [PMID: 33226123 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various somatic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene variants have been reported to drive lower-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas. In the current study, we explored the IDH1 variants in the glioma biopsy samples of patients from Pakistan. We explored the incidence of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene variants by hotspot sequencing in 80 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of different types of glioma biopsy samples. Structural modeling of the identified variants in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 protein was done to see their possible consequences. The frequently described p.Arg132 variants were not found in any of the glioma types. However, in our study, we identified nonsynonymous variants at the residues p.R109 and p.G136 in astrocytomas and p.R100 in oligodendroglioma. These variants are affecting a part of the conserved domain in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1. Both of p.R100 and p.R109 variants are rare and described before, whereas the p.G136 variant identified in this study has never been described previously. Structural modeling showed that variants of these residues would directly affect the substrate binding and hence the enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Naz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Bashir
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
| | - Naeem Rashid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Shahzad
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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10
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Singh P, Singh A, Shah S, Vataliya J, Mittal A, Chitkara D. RNA Interference Nanotherapeutics for Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4040-4066. [PMID: 32902291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics for RNA interference (RNAi) are gaining attention in the treatment and management of several kinds of the so-called "undruggable" tumors via targeting specific molecular pathways or oncogenes. Synthetic ribonucleic acid (RNAs) oligonucleotides like siRNA, miRNA, shRNA, and lncRNA have shown potential as novel therapeutics. However, the delivery of such oligonucleotides is significantly hampered by their physiochemical (such as hydrophilicity, negative charge, and instability) and biopharmaceutical features (in vivo serum stability, fast renal clearance, interaction with extracellular proteins, and hindrance in cellular internalization) that markedly reduce their biological activity. Recently, several nanocarriers have evolved as suitable non-viral vectors for oligonucleotide delivery, which are known to either complex or conjugate with these oligonucleotides efficiently and also overcome the extracellular and intracellular barriers, thereby allowing access to the tumoral micro-environment for the better and desired outcome in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This Review focuses on the up-to-date advancements in the field of RNAi nanotherapeutics utilized for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aditi Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shruti Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jalpa Vataliya
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
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Zhang P, Xia Q, Liu L, Li S, Dong L. Current Opinion on Molecular Characterization for GBM Classification in Guiding Clinical Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:562798. [PMID: 33102518 PMCID: PMC7506064 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.562798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is highly invasive and the deadliest brain tumor in adults. It is characterized by inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity, short patient survival, and lack of effective treatment. Prognosis and therapy selection is driven by molecular data from gene transcription, genetic alterations and DNA methylation. The four GBM molecular subtypes are proneural, neural, classical, and mesenchymal. More effective personalized therapy heavily depends on higher resolution molecular subtype signatures, combined with gene therapy, immunotherapy and organoid technology. In this review, we summarize the principal GBM molecular classifications that guide diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shouwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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12
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Su YK, Lin JW, Shih JW, Chuang HY, Fong IH, Yeh CT, Lin CM. Targeting BC200/miR218-5p Signaling Axis for Overcoming Temozolomide Resistance and Suppressing Glioma Stemness. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081859. [PMID: 32784466 PMCID: PMC7463574 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most common (~30%) and lethal cancers of the central nervous system. Although new therapies are emerging, chemoresistance to treatment is one of the major challenges in cancer treatment. Brain cytoplasmic 200 (BC200) RNA, also known as BCYRN1, is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that has recently emerged as one of the crucial members of the lncRNA family. BC200 atypical expression is observed in many human cancers. BC200 expression is higher in invasive cancers than in benign tumors. However, the clinical significance of BC200 and its effect on GB multiforme is still unexplored and remains unclear. Methods: BC200 expression in GB patients and cell lines were investigated through RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry analysis. The biological importance of BC200 was investigated in vitro and in vivo through knockdown and overexpression. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to determine miRNAs associated with BC200 RNA. Results: Our findings revealed that in GB patients, BC200 RNA expression was higher in blood and tumor tissues than in normal tissues. BC200 RNA expression have a statistically significant difference between the IDH1 and P53 status. Moreover, the BC200 RNA expression was higher than both p53, a prognostic marker of glioma, and Ki-67, a reliable indicator of tumor cell proliferation activity. Overexpression and silencing of BC200 RNA both in vitro and in vivo significantly modulated the proliferation, self-renewal, pluripotency, and temozolomide (TMZ) chemo-resistance of GB cells. It was found that the expressions of BC200 were up-regulated and that of miR-218-5p were down-regulated in GB tissues and cells. miR-218-5p inhibited the expression of BC200. Conclusions: This study is the first to show that the molecular mechanism of BC200 promotes GB oncogenicity and TMZ resistance through miR-218-5p expression modulation. Thus, the noncoding RNA BC200/miR-218-5p signaling circuit is a potential clinical biomarker or therapeutic target for GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Su
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-K.S.); (J.W.L.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jia Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-K.S.); (J.W.L.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Wen Shih
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yu Chuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 70965, Taiwan;
| | - Iat-Hang Fong
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-K.S.); (J.W.L.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Medical Research & Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Min Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-K.S.); (J.W.L.); (C.-T.Y.)
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+886-2-2490088 (ext. 8881)
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Wang Q, Zhang L, Cui Y, Zhang C, Chen H, Gu J, Qian J, Luo C. Increased RLIP76 expression in IDH1 wild‑type glioblastoma multiforme is associated with worse prognosis. Oncol Rep 2019; 43:188-200. [PMID: 31746408 PMCID: PMC6908935 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene is regarded a novel indicator for the prognosis of patients with glioma. However, the role of the IDH1 gene mutations in carcinogenesis and the mechanisms underlying their function in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain unknown. The present study aimed to determine whether the association of RLIP76 with the different IDH1 mutational status could serve as a putative biomarker for improving disease prognosis. Quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining assays were used to investigate the expression levels of RLIP76 in 124 patients with GBM with different IDH1 mutational status. In addition, the association between RLIP76 expression, IDH1 mutational status and clinicopathological characteristics was investigated. The effects of RLIP76 expression and IDH1 mutational status on cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and cell signaling were examined by Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and western blot assays, respectively. The data demonstrated that IDH1 wild-type (IDH1Wt) patients with low RLIP76 expression exhibited improved overall and progression-free survival. This effect was not observed in patients with IDH1 mutant (IDH1Mut) GBM. In vitro assays demonstrated that knockdown of IDH1 or overexpression of the IDH1 R132H mutation suppressed cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in U87 glioma cells. Mechanistic studies further indicated that although the IDH1 R132H mutant phenotype exhibited similar antitumor effects on GBM cells as those observed with the IDH1 knockdown, it acted via a different mechanism with regard to the regulation of the apoptosis signaling pathway. IDH1 R132H mutant cells promoted p53-induced apoptosis, while the IDH1 knockdown inhibited the RLIP76-dependent apoptotic pathway in glioma cells. The findings of the present study provided insight to the contribution of IDH1 mutation in the development of GBM and indicated that RLIP76 may be considered as a prognostic biomarker of IDH1Wt GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The 411 Hospital of People's Liberty Army, Shanghai 200081, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Huairui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Juan Gu
- Department of Operating Room, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Chun Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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14
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Comparison of glioblastoma (GBM) molecular classification methods. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:201-211. [PMID: 30031763 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Nguyen HS, Shabani S, Awad AJ, Kaushal M, Doan N. Molecular Markers of Therapy-Resistant Glioblastoma and Potential Strategy to Combat Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061765. [PMID: 29899215 PMCID: PMC6032212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system. With its overall dismal prognosis (the median survival is 14 months), GBMs demonstrate a resounding resilience against all current treatment modalities. The absence of a major progress in the treatment of GBM maybe a result of our poor understanding of both GBM tumor biology and the mechanisms underlying the acquirement of treatment resistance in recurrent GBMs. A comprehensive understanding of these markers is mandatory for the development of treatments against therapy-resistant GBMs. This review also provides an overview of a novel marker called acid ceramidase and its implication in the development of radioresistant GBMs. Multiple signaling pathways were found altered in radioresistant GBMs. Given these global alterations of multiple signaling pathways found in radioresistant GBMs, an effective treatment for radioresistant GBMs may require a cocktail containing multiple agents targeting multiple cancer-inducing pathways in order to have a chance to make a substantial impact on improving the overall GBM survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha S Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
- Faculty of Neurosurgery, California Institute of Neuroscience, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360, USA.
| | - Saman Shabani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Ahmed J Awad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 11941, Palestine.
| | - Mayank Kaushal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Ninh Doan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
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16
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A new method of identifying glioblastoma subtypes and creation of corresponding animal models. Oncogene 2018; 37:4781-4791. [PMID: 29769617 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) accounts for up to 50% of brain parenchymal tumors. It is the most malignant type of brain cancer with very poor survival and limited remedies. Cancer subtyping is important for cancer research and therapy. Here, we report a new subtyping method for GBM based on the genetic alterations of CDKN2A and TP53 genes. CDKN2A and TP53 are the most frequently mutated genes with mutation rates of 60 and 30%, respectively. We found that patients with deletion of CDKN2A possess worse survival than those with TP53 mutation. Interestingly, survival of patients with both TP53 mutation and CDKN2A deletion is no worse than for those with only one of these genetic alterations, but similar to those with TP53 mutation alone. Next, we investigated differences in the gene expression profile between TP53 and CDKN2A samples. Consistent with the survival data, the samples with both TP53 mutation and CDKN2A deletion showed a gene expression profile similar to those samples with TP53 mutation alone. Finally, we found that activation of RAS pathway plus Cdkn2a/b silencing can induce GBM, in a similar way to tumor induction by RAS activation plus TP53 silencing. In conclusion, we show that the genetic alterations of CDKN2A and TP53 may be used to stratify GBM, and the new animal models matching this stratification method were generated.
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17
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Esquenazi Y, Friedman E, Liu Z, Zhu JJ, Hsu S, Tandon N. The Survival Advantage of "Supratotal" Resection of Glioblastoma Using Selective Cortical Mapping and the Subpial Technique. Neurosurgery 2018; 81:275-288. [PMID: 28368547 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyw174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial body of evidence suggests that cytoreductive surgery is a prerequisite to prolonging survival in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and impact of "supratotal" resections beyond the zone of enhancement seen on magnetic resonance imaging scans, using a subpial technique. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 86 consecutive patients with primary GBM, managed by the senior author, using a subpial resection technique with or without carmustine (BCNU) wafer implantation. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze clinical, radiological, and outcome variables. Overall impacts of extent of resection (EOR) and BCNU wafer placement were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Mean patient age was 56 years. The median OS for the group was 18.1 months. Median OS for patients undergoing gross total, near-total, and subtotal resection were 54, 16.5, and 13.2 months, respectively. Patients undergoing near-total resection ( P = .05) or gross total resection ( P < .01) experienced statistically significant longer survival time than patients undergoing subtotal resection as well as patients undergoing ≥95% EOR ( P < .01) when compared to <95% EOR. The addition of BCNU wafers had no survival advantage. CONCLUSIONS The subpial technique extends the resection beyond the contrast enhancement and is associated with an overall survival beyond that seen in similar series where resection of the enhancement portion is performed. The effect of supratotal resection on survival exceeded the effects of age, Karnofsky performance score, and tumor volume. A prospective study would help to quantify the impact of the subpial technique on quality of life and survival as compared to a traditional resection limited to the enhancing tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshua Esquenazi
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery and Mischer Neuroscience Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Elliott Friedman
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Zheyu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jay-Jiguang Zhu
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery and Mischer Neuroscience Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Sigmund Hsu
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery and Mischer Neuroscience Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery and Mischer Neuroscience Institute, Houston, Texas
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Acquaviva G, Visani M, de Biase D, Marucci G, Franceschi E, Tosoni A, Brandes AA, Rhoden KJ, Pession A, Tallini G. Prevalence of the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs11554137 (IDH1 105GGT) in brain tumors of a cohort of Italian patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4459. [PMID: 29535392 PMCID: PMC5849696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IDH mutational status is required for proper diagnosis according to the WHO criteria revised in 2016. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11554137 (IDH1105GGT) at codon 105 of IDH1 has been reported in patients with several tumor types, including those with glioma. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of IDH1105GGT in a cohort of brain tumors, and its association with clinicopathologic features and IDH1 and IDH2 missense mutations. Exon 4 of IDH1 and IDH2 was analyzed in a series of brain tumors classified according to current WHO criteria. DNA from control individuals was analyzed to infer the prevalence of IDH1105GGT in the reference population. Analysis was performed using next generation sequencing. IDH1105GGT was three times more frequent in patients with tumors (44/293 cases, 15.0%) vs. population controls (6/109, 5.5%) (p = 0.0102). IDH1105GGT was more frequent in grade III tumors (26.1%) compared to grade II (10.9%, p = 0.038) and grade IV tumors (13.7%, p = 0.041). IDH1 105GGT was more frequent in grade II and III tumors without an IDH tumor missense mutation (43.8%) than in those with (11.5%, p = 0.005). The IDH1105GGT SNP likely represents an important genetic marker, worthy of additional investigation to better understand the clinical and biological features of IDH-WT infiltrating gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Acquaviva
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Visani
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Marucci
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, AUSL of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (currently at Department of Neuropathology, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Department of Oncology, AUSL Bologna - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alicia Tosoni
- Department of Oncology, AUSL Bologna - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alba A Brandes
- Department of Oncology, AUSL Bologna - IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kerry J Rhoden
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pession
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tallini
- Department of Medicine (Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale) - Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL di Bologna, University of Bologna School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
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Li HY, Sun CR, He M, Yin LC, Du HG, Zhang JM. Correlation Between Tumor Location and Clinical Properties of Glioblastomas in Frontal and Temporal Lobes. World Neurosurg 2018; 112:e407-e414. [PMID: 29355809 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor location is a major prognostic factor in glioblastomas and may be associated with clinical properties. This study established and analyzed the correlation between tumor location and clinical properties of glioblastomas in frontal and temporal lobes. METHODS This retrospective study determined the location of glioblastomas in the frontal lobe (FL) or temporal lobe (TL) based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical, radiologic, and molecular characteristics of FL and TL glioblastomas were compared to define their clinical properties, including sex, age, sides, relationship to ventricle, imaging subtypes, volume, isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation, promoter methylation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, progression-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS The study enrolled 406 patients (182 [44.83%] in FL group and 224 [55.17%] in TL group) with a mean age of 69.8 years. Compared with FL group, TL group had higher incidence of female patients (P = 0.024), tumor location distant to the ventricle (P = 0.006), isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations (P = 0.021), promoter methylation of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (P = 0.012), and prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between groups with respect to age ≥60 years at study entry (P = 0.668), sides (P = 0.879), imaging subtypes (P = 0.362), or volume (P = 0.709). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that different tumor locations are associated with diverse clinical properties of glioblastomas in FL and TL. This information will aid in increasing understanding of glioblastoma biology for application in baseline comparisons in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chong-Ran Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Chun Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang-Gen Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Min Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Cell biology of glioblastoma multiforme: from basic science to diagnosis and treatment. Med Oncol 2018; 35:27. [PMID: 29387965 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
First described in the 1800s, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a class IV neoplasm with astrocytic differentiation, as per the revised 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) is the most common malignant tumor of the CNS. GBM has an extremely wide set of alterations, both genetic and epigenetic, which yield a great number of mutation subgroups, some of which have an established role in independent patient survival and treatment response. All of those components not only represent a closed cycle but are also relevant to the tumor biological behavior and resistance to treatment as they form the pathobiological behavior and clinical course. The presence of different triggering mutations on the background of the presence of key mutations in the GBM stem cells (GBMsc) further separates GBM as primary arising de novo from neural stem cell precursors developing into GBMsc and secondary, by means of aggregated mutations. Some of the change in cellular biology in GBM can be observed via light microscope as they form the cellular and tissue hallmarks of the condition. Changes in genetic information, resulting in alteration, suppression and expression of genes compared to their physiological levels in healthy astrocytes lead to not only cellular, but also extracellular matrix reorganization. These changes result in a multiform number of micromorphological and purely immunological/biochemical forms. Therefore, in the twenty-first century the term multiforme, previously outcast from nomenclatures, has gained new popularity on the background of genotypic diversity in this neoplastic entry.
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A combined diffusion tensor imaging and Ki-67 labeling index study for evaluating the extent of tumor infiltration using the F98 rat glioma model. J Neurooncol 2018; 137:259-268. [PMID: 29294232 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been proven to be a sophisticated and useful tool for the delineation of tumors. In the present study, we investigated the predictive role of DTI compared to other magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in combination with Ki-67 labeling index in defining tumor cell infiltration in the peritumoral regions of F98 glioma-bearing rats. A total of 29 tumor-bearing Fischer rats underwent T2-weighted imaging, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging, and DTI of their brain using a 7.0-T MRI scanner. The fractional anisotropy (FA) ratios were correlated to the Ki-67 labeling index using the Spearman correlation analysis. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was established to evaluate parameters with sensitivity and specificity in order to identify the threshold values for predicting tumor infiltration. Significant correlations were observed between the FA ratios and Ki-67 labeling index (r = - 0.865, p < 0.001). The ROC analysis demonstrated that the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and FA ratios could predict 50% of the proliferating cells in the regions of interest (ROI), with a sensitivity of 88.1 and 81.3%, and a specificity of 86.2 and 90.2%, respectively (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the two ratios could also predict 10% of the proliferating cells in the ROI, with a sensitivity of 82.5 and 94.9%, and a specificity of 100 and 88.9%, respectively (p < 0.001). The present study demonstrated that the FA ratios are closely correlated with the Ki-67 labeling index. Furthermore, both ADC and FA ratios, derived from DTI, were useful for quantitatively predicting the Ki-67 labeling of glioma cells.
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Duong C, Nguyen T, Sheppard JP, Ong V, Chung LK, Nagasawa DT, Yang I. Genomic and Molecular Characterization of Brain Tumors in Asian and Non-Asian Patients of Los Angeles: A Single Institution Analysis. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2017; 5:64-69. [PMID: 29188206 PMCID: PMC5700029 DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2017.5.2.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, approximately 2% of new cancers are of the brain. Five-year survival rates among brain cancer patients have been reported as a little over a third. Differences in clinical outcomes between brain tumor patients of different races remain poorly understood. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on brain tumor resection patients≥18 years old. Demographics, treatment variables, and survival outcomes were collected. Primary outcomes were length of stay, recurrence rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results A total of 452 patients were included in analysis. Females and males had nearly a 1:1 ratio (n=242 and n=220, respectively). Mean age was 54.8 years (SD: 14.5 range: 18–90). Females composed 69% (n=48) of Asian patients; males constituted 31% (n=22). Mean age of the Asian patients was 55.9 years (SD: 14.6 range: 26–89). Asian-only cohort tumor pathologies included glioblastoma (GBM) (n=14), high-grade glioma (n=7), low-grade glioma (n=4), meningioma (n=38), and metastases (n=7). Of the 185 meningioma patients, non-Asian patients comprised 79% of the group (n=146). Of the 65 GBM patients in total, non-Asian patients made up 89% of the GBM cohort (n=58). There were no statistically significant differences between these groups of both cohorts in recurrence (p=0.1580 and p=0.6294, respectively), PFS (p=0.9662 and p=0.4048, respectively), or OS (p=0.3711 and p=0.8183, respectively). Conclusion Studies evaluating the survival between patients of different racial backgrounds against several tumor varieties are rare. Patients of certain racial backgrounds may need additional consideration when being attended to despite the same mutational composition as their counterparts. Repeated studies using national databases may yield more conclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Duong
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thien Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John P Sheppard
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vera Ong
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lawrance K Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel T Nagasawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Isaac Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Frequency and clinical significance of chromosome 7 and 10 aneuploidies, amplification of the EGFR gene, deletion of PTEN and TP53 genes, and 1p/19q deficiency in a sample of adult patients diagnosed with glioblastoma from Southern Brazil. J Neurooncol 2017; 135:465-472. [PMID: 28856550 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma stands out as the most frequent central nervous system neoplasia, presenting a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to verify the frequency and clinical significance of the aneuploidy of chromosomes 7 and 10, EGFR amplification, PTEN and TP53 deletions and 1p/19q deficiency in adult patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. The sample consisted of 40 patients treated from November 2011 to March 2015 at two major neurosurgery services from Southern Brazil. Molecular cytogenetic analyses of the tumor were performed through fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The clinical features evaluated consisted of age, sex, tumor location, clinical symptoms, family history of cancer, type of resection and survival. The mean age of the patients was 59.3 years (ranged from 41 to 83). Most of them were males (70%). The median survival was 145 days. Chromosome 10 monosomy was detected in 52.5% of the patients, chromosome 7 polysomy in 50%, EGFR amplification in 42.5%, PTEN deletion in 35%, TP53 deletion in 22.5%, 1p deletion in 5% and 19q deletion in 7.5%. Age was shown to be a prognostic factor, and patients with lower age presented higher survival (p = 0.042). TP53 and PTEN deletions had a negative impact on survival (p = 0.011 and p = 0.037, respectively). Our data suggest that TP53 and PTEN deletions may be associated with a poorer prognosis. These findings may have importance over prognosis determination and choice of the therapy to be administered.
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Semukunzi H, Roy D, Li H, Khan GJ, Lyu X, Yuan S, Lin S. IDH mutations associated impact on related cancer epidemiology and subsequent effect toward HIF-1α. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:805-811. [PMID: 28273642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Particular mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (IDH) were discovered in several gliomas citing astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma multiform, but also in leukemia; these mutations were discovered in nearly all cases of secondary glioblastomas, they evolve from lower-grade gliomas, but are limited in primary high-grade glioblastoma multiform. These mutations distinctively produce (D)-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) from alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG). (D)-2-hydroxyglutarate is accumulated to very high concentrations which inhibit the function of enzymes that are dependent on alpha-ketoglutarate. This modification leads to a hyper-methylated state of DNA and histones, resulting in different gene expression that can activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor-suppressor genes. In our work we review the impact of the mutations that occur in IDH genes, we focus on their impact on distribution in cancer. As IDH mutations appear in many different conditions we expose the extent of IDH mutations and derivate their impact on cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and even their oncogenicity, we will also link their impact to HIF-1α and derivate some target and finally, we present some of the therapeutics under research and out on market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herve Semukunzi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Debmalya Roy
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongyang Li
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ghulam Jilany Khan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaodan Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Sensen Lin
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Vidomanova E, Racay P, Pilchova I, Halasova E, Hatok J. Microfluidic profiling of apoptosis-related genes after treatment with BH3-mimetic agents in astrocyte and glioblastoma cell lines. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3188-3196. [PMID: 27779684 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most frequent and biologically the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Standard treatment for newly diagnosed GB consists of surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Resistance to therapy is a major obstacle, even with optimal treatment with a survival median of only 12-15 months. The heterogeneity and treatment response of GB makes this tumor type a challenging area of research. The aim of our study was to study the response of normal human astrocyte (HA) and human GB (T98G) cell lines to apoptosis inhibitors in vitro. ABT-737 is an inhibitor of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-w, while MIM-1 is an Mcl-1 protein inhibitor. The viability of the cells was assayed biochemically using the cytotoxic methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Changes in the expression of apoptosis-associated genes (n=93) in two human brain cell lines after treatment with the apoptosis inhibitors ABT-737 and MIM-1 (individually), between the apoptosis inhibitor treated group and the control group, were determined using a commercially pre-designed microfluidic array. Significant changes in apoptotic gene expression with more than a 2.0-fold difference in their expression levels were obtained in both cell lines; the most altered genes were in the HA cell line after MIM-1 treatment (n=42). These results contribute to the importance of apoptosis in normal and cancerous brain tissues and provide information on the effect of apoptosis inhibitors on cell viability and gene expression. Despite extensive investigations, a cure for GB is currently not available. The identification of an apoptotic gene panel and determining the sensitivity of normal and GB brain cells to individual apoptosis inhibitors could help to improve clinical practice and increase our understanding of brain tumor cell metabolism and apoptosis inhibitors in GB cells and astrocytes. Recognizing expression changes in pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes could contribute to the development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vidomanova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Racay
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Pilchova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Erika Halasova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Hatok
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava (JFM CU), SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Abstract
Background IDH (Isocitrate dehydrogenase) mutations occur frequently in gliomas, but their prognostic impact has not been fully assessed. We performed a meta-analysis of the association between IDH mutations and survival in gliomas. Methods Pubmed and EMBASE databases were searched for studies reporting IDH mutations (IHD1/2 and IDH1) and survival in gliomas. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS); the secondary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS). Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined using the Mantel-Haenszel random-effect modeling. Funnel plot and Egger's test were conducted to examine the risk of publication bias. Results Fifty-five studies (9487 patients) were included in the analysis. Fifty-four and twenty-seven studies investigated the association between IDH1/2 mutations and OS/PFS respectively in patients with glioma. The results showed that patients possessing an IDH1/2 mutation had significant advantages in OS (HR = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.34–0.45; P < 0.001) and PFS (HR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.35–0.51; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed a consistent result with pooled analysis, and patients with glioma of WHO grade III or II-III had better outcomes. Conclusions These findings provide further indication that patients with glioma harboring IDH mutations have improved OS and PFS, especially for patients with WHO grade III and grade II-III.
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Karsy M, Neil JA, Guan J, Mahan MA, Mark MA, Colman H, Jensen RL. A practical review of prognostic correlations of molecular biomarkers in glioblastoma. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 38:E4. [PMID: 25727226 DOI: 10.3171/2015.1.focus14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts in research and therapeutics, achieving longer survival for patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains a formidable challenge. Furthermore, because of rapid advances in the scientific understanding of GBM, communication with patients regarding the explanations and implications of genetic and molecular markers can be difficult. Understanding the important biomarkers that play a role in GBM pathogenesis may also help clinicians in educating patients about prognosis, potential clinical trials, and monitoring response to treatments. This article aims to provide an up-to-date review that can be discussed with patients regarding common molecular markers, namely O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), p53, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and 1p/19q. The importance of the distinction between a prognostic and a predictive biomarker as well as clinical trials regarding these markers and their relevance to clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karsy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center; and
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Blahovcova E, Richterova R, Kolarovszki B, Dobrota D, Racay P, Hatok J. Apoptosis-related gene expression in tumor tissue samples obtained from patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1677-84. [PMID: 26459752 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the brain are very diverse in their biological behavior and are therefore considered a major issue in modern medicine. The heterogeneity of gliomas, their clinical presentation and their responses to treatment makes this type of tumor a challenging area of research. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common, and biologically the most aggressive, primary brain tumor in adults. The standard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed GBM consists of surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle to successful treatment. The aim of this study was to examine the changes occurring in the expression levels of apoptosis-associated genes in tumor tissue biopsy samples from 7 patients diagnosed with GBM and compare our results with a human astrocyte cell line (used as a reference) cultured under basic conditions. For molecular analysis, we used a commercial pre-designed microfluidic array to quantify the expression of 93 apoptosis-associated human genes. Significant changes in the expression levels of genes were observed in the tumor tissue samples obtained from patients with GBM. We determined significant changes in gene expression (n=32) in all apoptotic signaling pathways (BCl-2, TNF, Caspases, NF-κB, IAP and CARD), while the most pronounced deregulation (>5-fold) were observed in 46.9% events. The results of this study underline the importance of apoptosis in heterogenous tumor tissue. The identification of the apoptotic gene panel in tissue biopsies from patients with GBM may help improve the effectiveness of treatments for GBM in clinical practice and may broaden our understanding of brain tumor cell metabolism. Recognizing the changes in the expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes may aid in the development of novel treatment strategies founded on a molecular basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Blahovcova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Romana Richterova
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital in Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Kolarovszki
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital in Martin, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Dobrota
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Racay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Hatok
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, SK-03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Wang K, Wang Y, Fan X, Wang J, Li G, Ma J, Ma J, Jiang T, Dai J. Radiological features combined with IDH1 status for predicting the survival outcome of glioblastoma patients. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:589-97. [PMID: 26409566 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiological characteristics may reflect the biological features of brain tumors and may be associated with genetic alterations that occur in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between radiological features and IDH1 status as well as their predictive value for survival of glioblastoma patients. METHODS The clinical information and MR images of 280 patients with histologically confirmed glioblastoma were retrospectively reviewed. The radiological characteristics of tumors were examined on MR images, and the IDH1 status was determined using DNA sequencing for all cases. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model were used to identify prognostic factors for progression-free and overall survival. RESULTS The IDH1 mutation was associated with longer progression-free survival (P = .022; hazard ratio, 0.602) and overall survival (P = .018; hazard ratio, 0.554). In patients with the IDH1 mutation, tumor contrast enhancement and peritumoral edema indicated worse progression-free survival (P = .015 and P = .024, respectively) and worse overall survival (P = .024 and P = .032, respectively). For tumors with contrast enhancement, multifocal contrast enhancement of the tumor lesion was associated with poor progression-free survival (P = .002) and poor overall survival (P = .010) in patients with wild-type IDH1 tumors. CONCLUSIONS Combining the radiological features and IDH1 status of a tumor allows more accurate prediction of survival outcomes in glioblastoma patients. The complementary roles of genetic changes and radiological features of tumors should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
| | - Yinyan Wang
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
| | - Jiangfei Wang
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
| | - Jieling Ma
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
| | - Jianping Dai
- Department of Neuroradiology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (K.W., J.M., J.M., J.D.); Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., J.W., T.J.); Department of Pathology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (G.L.); Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (Y.W., X.F., T.J., J.D.); Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China (T.J.)
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Wang YY, Wang K, Li SW, Wang JF, Ma J, Jiang T, Dai JP. Patterns of Tumor Contrast Enhancement Predict the Prognosis of Anaplastic Gliomas with IDH1 Mutation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:2023-9. [PMID: 26316565 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It is proposed that isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation predicts the outcome in patients with high-grade glioma. In addition, contrast enhancement on preoperative MR imaging reflects tumor biologic features. Patients with anaplastic glioma with the IDH1 mutation were evaluated by using MR imaging to determine whether tumor enhancement is a prognostic factor and can be used to predict survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort of 216 patients with histologically confirmed anaplastic glioma was reviewed retrospectively. Tumor contrast-enhancement patterns were classified on the basis of preoperative T1 contrast MR images. Tumor IDH1 status was examined by using RNA sequencing. We used univariate analysis and the multivariate Cox model to evaluate the prognostic value of the IDH1 mutation and tumor contrast-enhancement pattern for progression-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS In all 216 patients, IDH1 mutation was associated with longer progression-free survival (P = .004, hazard ratio = 0.439) and overall survival (P = .002, hazard ratio = 0.406). For patients with IDH1 mutant anaplastic glioma, the absence of contrast enhancement was associated with longer progression-free survival (P = .038, hazard ratio = 0.473) and overall survival (P = .043, hazard ratio = 0.436). Furthermore, we were able to stratify the progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with IDH1 mutation by using the tumor contrast-enhancement patterns (P = .022 and 0.029, respectively; log-rank). CONCLUSIONS Tumor enhancement on postcontrast MR imaging is a valuable prognostic factor for patients with anaplastic glioma and IDH1 mutation. Furthermore, the contrast-enhancement patterns could potentially be used to stratify the survival outcome of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Wang
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.Y.W., J.F.W., T.J.) Beijing Neurosurgical Institute (Y.Y.W., T.J., J.P.D.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - K Wang
- Neuroradiology (K.W., S.W.L., J.M., J.P.D.), Beijing Tian Tan Hospital
| | - S W Li
- Neuroradiology (K.W., S.W.L., J.M., J.P.D.), Beijing Tian Tan Hospital
| | - J F Wang
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.Y.W., J.F.W., T.J.)
| | - J Ma
- Neuroradiology (K.W., S.W.L., J.M., J.P.D.), Beijing Tian Tan Hospital
| | - T Jiang
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (Y.Y.W., J.F.W., T.J.) Beijing Neurosurgical Institute (Y.Y.W., T.J., J.P.D.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Center for Brain Tumor (T.J.), Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
| | - J P Dai
- Neuroradiology (K.W., S.W.L., J.M., J.P.D.), Beijing Tian Tan Hospital Beijing Neurosurgical Institute (Y.Y.W., T.J., J.P.D.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Womeldorff M, Gillespie D, Jensen RL. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and associated upstream and downstream proteins in the pathophysiology and management of glioblastoma. Neurosurg Focus 2015; 37:E8. [PMID: 25581937 DOI: 10.3171/2014.9.focus14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with an exceptionally poor patient outcome despite aggressive therapy including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. This aggressive phenotype may be associated with intratumoral hypoxia, which probably plays a key role in GBM tumor growth, development, and angiogenesis. A key regulator of cellular response to hypoxia is the protein hypoxia-inducible factor–1 (HIF-1). An examination of upstream hypoxic and nonhypoxic regulation of HIF-1 as well as a review of the downstream HIF-1– regulated proteins may provide further insight into the role of this transcription factor in GBM pathophysiology. Recent insights into upstream regulators that intimately interact with HIF-1 could provide potential therapeutic targets for treatment of this tumor. The same is potentially true for HIF-1–mediated pathways of glycolysis-, angiogenesis-, and invasion-promoting proteins. Thus, an understanding of the relationship between HIF-1, its upstream protein regulators, and its downstream transcribed genes in GBM pathogenesis could provide future treatment options for the care of patients with these tumors.
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Dai Y, Ning X, Han G, Li W. Assessment of the Association between Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Mutation and Mortality Risk of Glioblastoma Patients. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:1501-1508. [PMID: 25650121 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation might be a prognostic biomarker of prognosis in glioblastoma (GBM) patients, but the outcomes were various. A meta-analysis of published studies was carried out to reach a reliable assessment of the association between IDH1 mutation and mortality of GBM patients. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were pooled using meta-analysis to assess risk of mortality in patients with IDH1 mutation. A total of 20 studies (3 prospective cohort and 17 retrospective cohort studies) were finally included into the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of total included studies suggested that GBM patients with IDH1 mutation had decreased risk of mortality compared those patients without IDH1 mutation (RR = 0.43, 95%CI 0.35-0.54, P < 0.001). GBM patients with IDH1 mutation from European countries had also decreased mortality risk compared with those patients without IDH1 mutation (RR = 0.35, 95%CI 0.25-0.49, P < 0.001), but GBM patients with IDH1 mutation from Asians only dad 32% decrease of mortality risk compared with those patients without IDH1 mutation (RR = 0.68, 95%CI 0.49-0.94, P = 0.018). The findings from the meta-analysis provide strong evidence for the association between IDH1 mutation and decreased mortality risk of GBM patients. In addition, there is an obvious difference in the mortality risk of GBM patients with IDH1 mutation between western and eastern countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Dai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xianbin Ning
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China
| | - Guoqian Han
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, 550039, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Incorporation of biomarkers in phase II studies of recurrent glioblastoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:153-62. [PMID: 25534238 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival trends for glioblastoma (GBM) patients have remained largely static, reflecting a lack of improvement in the therapeutic options for patients. Less than 5 % of newly diagnosed GBM survives more than 5 years. Tumor relapse is nearly universal and the majority of patients do not respond to further systemic therapy. The results from phase II studies conducted with recurrent GBM patients have not translated to successful confirmatory studies and thus we have reached a significant roadblock in the development of new treatments for patients with recurrent GBM. The development of new, active, and potentially targeted drugs for the treatment of recurrent GBM represents a major unmet need. The incorporation of diagnostic/companion biomarker combinations into the phase II studies and appropriate stratification of the patients is lagging significantly behind other larger cancer groups such as breast, non-small cell lung cancer, and melanoma. We herein carried out a systematic review of the phase II clinical studies conducted in patients with recurrent GBM (2010-2013 inclusive) to assess the degree of biomarker incorporation within the clinical trial design.
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Koh J, Cho H, Kim H, Kim SI, Yun S, Park CK, Lee SH, Choi SH, Park SH. IDH2 mutation in gliomas including novel mutation. Neuropathology 2014; 35:236-44. [PMID: 25495392 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most aggressive type of primary brain tumors and provide a dismal prognosis. Thus far, several key genes have been identified in GBMs as prognostic and therapeutic targets. Mutations in two isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes, IDH1 and IDH2, commonly occur in low-grade gliomas and secondary high-grade gliomas, but are rare in primary GBMs. These mutations alter the catalytic activity of IDH proteins, promoting gliomagenesis. Gliomas with IDH1 or IDH2 mutation have better outcomes than do gliomas with wild-type IDH. The hot spots of IDH1 mutations (R132) and IDH2 mutations (R140 and R172) are well known and are considered as a possible biochemical explanation for the differing clinical characteristics of primary and secondary GBMs. We sought to find the incidence of IDH2 mutation and the characteristics of the gliomas with IDH2 mutation. Among 134 gliomas, which were operated in our hospital consecutively, we studied IDH1 and IDH2 mutations by Sanger sequencing and IDH2 mutation was identified in seven cases (5.2%, four oligodendrogliomas and three GBMs). IDH2 mutation was found in 3.3% of GBMs (3/90 cases) and 9.0% (4/44) of grades II to III gliomas. Here, we report the clinicopathological characteristics of the gliomas with IDH2 mutations including two cases of primary GBM carrying a novel missense IDH2 mutation (c. 484C>T, p. P162S).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwajin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hannah Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Ik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sumi Yun
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Kee Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hong Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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