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Bolduc DL, Cary LH, Kiang JG, Kurada L, Kumar VP, Edma SA, Olson MG, Vergara VB, Bistline DD, Reese M, Kenchegowda D, Hood M, Korotcov A, Jaiswal S, Blakely WF. Natural-history Characterization of a Murine Partial-body Irradiation Model System: Establishment of a Multiple-Parameter Based GI-ARS Severity-Scoring System. Radiat Res 2024; 201:406-417. [PMID: 38319684 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00132.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the natural history of a murine total-abdominal-irradiation exposure model to measure gastrointestinal acute radiation injury. Male CD2F1 mice at 12 to 15 weeks old received total-abdominal irradiation using 4-MV linear accelerator X-rays doses of 0, 11, 13.5, 15, 15.75 and 16.5 Gy (2.75 Gy/min). Daily cage-side (i.e., in the animal housing room) observations of clinical signs and symptoms including body weights on all animals were measured up to 10 days after exposure. Jejunum tissues from cohorts of mice were collected at 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after exposure and radiation injury was assessed by histopathological analyses. Results showed time- and dose-dependent loss of body weight [for example at 7 days: 0.66 (±0.80) % loss for 0 Gy, 6.40 (±0.76) % loss at 11 Gy, 9.43 (±2.06) % loss at 13.5 Gy, 23.53 (± 1.91) % loss at 15 Gy, 29.97 (±1.16) % loss at 15.75 Gy, and 31.79 (±0.76) % loss at 16.5 Gy]. Negligible clinical signs and symptoms, except body weight changes, of radiation injury were observed up to 10 days after irradiation with doses of 11 to 15 Gy. Progressive increases in the severity of clinical signs and symptoms were found after irradiation with doses >15 Gy. Jejunum histology showed a progressive dose-dependent increase in injury. For example, at 7 days postirradiation, the percent of crypts, compared to controls, decreased to 82.3 (±9.5), 69.2 (±12.3), 45.4 (±11.9), 18.0 (±3.4), and 11.5 (± 1.8) with increases in doses from 11 to 16.5 Gy. A mucosal injury scoring system was used that mainly focused on changes in villus morphology damage (i.e., subepithelial spaces near the tips of the villi with capillary congestion, significant epithelial lifting along the length of the villi with a few denuded villus tips). Peak levels of total-abdominal irradiation induced effects on the mucosal injury score were seen 7 days after irradiation for doses ≥15 Gy, with a trend to show a decline after 7 days. A murine multiple-parameter gastrointestinal acute-radiation syndrome severity-scoring system was established based on clinical signs and symptoms that included measures of appearance (i.e., hunched and/or fluffed fur), respiratory rate, general (i.e., decreased mobility) and provoked behavior (i.e., subdued response to stimulation), weight loss, and feces/diarrhea score combined with jejunum mucosal-injury grade score. In summary, the natural-history radio-response for murine partial-body irradiation exposures is important for establishing a well-characterized radiation model system; here we established a multiple-parameter gastrointestinal acute-radiation syndrome severity-scoring system that provides a radiation injury gastrointestinal tissue-based assessment utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Bolduc
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
| | - Lynnette H Cary
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics
| | - Juliann G Kiang
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lalitha Kurada
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | - Vidya P Kumar
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | - Sunshine A Edma
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
| | - Matthew G Olson
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | - Vernieda B Vergara
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
| | - Dalton D Bistline
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
| | - Mario Reese
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
| | - Doreswamy Kenchegowda
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
| | - Maureen Hood
- Biomedical Research Imaging Core at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexandru Korotcov
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
- Biomedical Research Imaging Core at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shalini Jaiswal
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Rockville, Maryland
- Biomedical Research Imaging Core at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William F Blakely
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- Preventive Medicine and Statistics, Uniformed Services of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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Tang TT, Zawaski JA, Sabek OM, Gaber MW. High variability in short and long-term recovery kinetic of blood cell count and blood chemistry in a partial body irradiation mouse model. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:565-572. [PMID: 38306486 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2304833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the aftermath of a nuclear disaster or accident, survivors will suffer from radiation-induced normal tissue damage. Recovery after radiation exposure is dictated by several factors, one of which is degree of shielding at time of exposure. This study aims to characterize the short and late term changes in kinetics and magnitude of pancytopenia and blood chemistry in a model of heterogeneous radiation exposure, or partial body irradiation (PBI), compared to whole body irradiation (WBI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice, 8-10 weeks of age, were WBI at 6 different doses (6, 6.1. 6.15, 6.2, 6.5, and 7.5 Gy) to establish the LD50. To determine the effect of shielding on blood cell counts and chemistry, animals were either WBI at 6 Gy (LD2230) or 6 Gy PBI with one leg shielding (LD030). Complete blood counts and chemistry were measured at 1, 5-, 10-, 20-, 30- and 120-days post-irradiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Irradiated animals had significant depletion of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets up to 10 days post-irradiation. Separation between PBI and WBI were observed at 10- and 20-days post-irradiation at which point PBI animals showed sign of recovery while overall cell count remains depleted in WBI animals up to 30 days post-irradiation. In addition, significant changes were found in parameters indicative of hematopoietic injury including hemoglobin count, hematocrit count and white blood cell population. Significant changes were observed in kidney function with changes to blood urea nitrogen and calcium concentration at 5-days post-irradiation. At 10-days post-irradiation. liver function changes differentiated WBI from PBI animals. Long-term, irradiated animal's chemistry values and many blood counts were not significantly different from Sham. In conclusion, partial shielding ensured complete survival and demonstrated a different recovery kinetics of blood and chemistry parameters after irradiation compared to survivors of whole body irradiation and no single hemopoietic parameter was able to consistently differentiate irradiated from Sham animals. This seems to indicate that there is no single robust hemopoietic parameter to differentiate those exposed from those who were not due to the inherent variability in individual responses. Furthermore, there were no significant long-term effects on these blood parameters between survivors of WBI and PBI except that shielding accelerated recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien T Tang
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Janice A Zawaski
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Omaima M Sabek
- Department of Surgery, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Waleed Gaber
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Shuryak I, Nemzow L, Bacon BA, Taveras M, Wu X, Deoli N, Ponnaiya B, Garty G, Brenner DJ, Turner HC. Machine learning approach for quantitative biodosimetry of partial-body or total-body radiation exposures by combining radiation-responsive biomarkers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:949. [PMID: 36653416 PMCID: PMC9849198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During a large-scale radiological event such as an improvised nuclear device detonation, many survivors will be shielded from radiation by environmental objects, and experience only partial-body irradiation (PBI), which has different consequences, compared with total-body irradiation (TBI). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that applying machine learning to a combination of radiation-responsive biomarkers (ACTN1, DDB2, FDXR) and B and T cell counts will quantify and distinguish between PBI and TBI exposures. Adult C57BL/6 mice of both sexes were exposed to 0, 2.0-2.5 or 5.0 Gy of half-body PBI or TBI. The random forest (RF) algorithm trained on ½ of the data reconstructed the radiation dose on the remaining testing portion of the data with mean absolute error of 0.749 Gy and reconstructed the product of dose and exposure status (defined as 1.0 × Dose for TBI and 0.5 × Dose for PBI) with MAE of 0.472 Gy. Among irradiated samples, PBI could be distinguished from TBI: ROC curve AUC = 0.944 (95% CI: 0.844-1.0). Mouse sex did not significantly affect dose reconstruction. These results support the hypothesis that combinations of protein biomarkers and blood cell counts can complement existing methods for biodosimetry of PBI and TBI exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Leah Nemzow
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Bezalel A Bacon
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maria Taveras
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Naresh Deoli
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Irvington, NY, USA
| | - Brian Ponnaiya
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Irvington, NY, USA
| | - Guy Garty
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Irvington, NY, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Tsogbadrakh B, Jung JA, Lee M, Lee JA, Seo JH. Identifying serum miRNA biomarkers for radiation exposure in hematopoietic humanized NSG-SGM3 mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 599:51-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Bene BJ, Blakely WF, Burmeister DM, Cary L, Chhetri SJ, Davis CM, Ghosh SP, Holmes-Hampton GP, Iordanskiy S, Kalinich JF, Kiang JG, Kumar VP, Lowy RJ, Miller A, Naeem M, Schauer DA, Senchak L, Singh VK, Stewart AJ, Velazquez EM, Xiao M. Celebrating 60 Years of Accomplishments of the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute1. Radiat Res 2021; 196:129-146. [PMID: 33979439 DOI: 10.1667/21-00064.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chartered by the U.S. Congress in 1961, the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) is a Joint Department of Defense (DoD) entity with the mission of carrying out the Medical Radiological Defense Research Program in support of our military forces around the globe. In the last 60 years, the investigators at AFRRI have conducted exploratory and developmental research with broad application to the field of radiation sciences. As the only DoD facility dedicated to radiation research, AFRRI's Medical Radiobiology Advisory Team provides deployable medical and radiobiological subject matter expertise, advising commanders in the response to a U.S. nuclear weapon incident and other nuclear or radiological material incidents. AFRRI received the DoD Joint Meritorious Unit Award on February 17, 2004, for its exceptionally meritorious achievements from September 11, 2001 to June 20, 2003, in response to acts of terrorism and nuclear/radiological threats at home and abroad. In August 2009, the American Nuclear Society designated the institute a nuclear historic landmark as the U.S.'s primary source of medical nuclear and radiological research, preparedness and training. Since then, research has continued, and core areas of study include prevention, assessment and treatment of radiological injuries that may occur from exposure to a wide range of doses (low to high). AFRRI collaborates with other government entities, academic institutions, civilian laboratories and other countries to research the biological effects of ionizing radiation. Notable early research contributions were the establishment of dose limits for major acute radiation syndromes in primates, applicable to human exposures, followed by the subsequent evolution of radiobiology concepts, particularly the importance of immune collapse and combined injury. In this century, the program has been essential in the development and validation of prophylactic and therapeutic drugs, such as Amifostine, Neupogen®, Neulasta®, Nplate® and Leukine®, all of which are used to prevent and treat radiation injuries. Moreover, AFRRI has helped develop rapid, high-precision, biodosimetry tools ranging from novel assays to software decision support. New drug candidates and biological dose assessment technologies are currently being developed. Such efforts are supported by unique and unmatched radiation sources and generators that allow for comprehensive analyses across the various types and qualities of radiation. These include but are not limited to both 60Co facilities, a TRIGA® reactor providing variable mixed neutron and γ-ray fields, a clinical linear accelerator, and a small animal radiation research platform with low-energy photons. There are five major research areas at AFRRI that encompass the prevention, assessment and treatment of injuries resulting from the effects of ionizing radiation: 1. biodosimetry; 2. low-level and low-dose-rate radiation; 3. internal contamination and metal toxicity; 4. radiation combined injury; and 5. radiation medical countermeasures. These research areas are bolstered by an educational component to broadcast and increase awareness of the medical effects of ionizing radiation, in the mass-casualty scenario after a nuclear detonation or radiological accidents. This work provides a description of the military medical operations as well as the radiation facilities and capabilities present at AFRRI, followed by a review and discussion of each of the research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lynnette Cary
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Catherine M Davis
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sanchita P Ghosh
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gregory P Holmes-Hampton
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sergey Iordanskiy
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Juliann G Kiang
- Scientific Research Department.,Medicine.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | - David A Schauer
- Radiation Sciences Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Vijay K Singh
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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6
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Shuryak I, Ghandhi SA, Turner HC, Weber W, Melo D, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ. Dose and Dose-Rate Effects in a Mouse Model of Internal Exposure from 137Cs. Part 2: Integration of Gamma-H2AX and Gene Expression Biomarkers for Retrospective Radiation Biodosimetry. Radiat Res 2020; 196:491-500. [PMID: 33064820 PMCID: PMC8944909 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00042.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation and ingestion of 137Cs and other long-lived radionuclides can occur after large-scale accidental or malicious radioactive contamination incidents, resulting in a complex temporal pattern of radiation dose/dose rate, influenced by radionuclide pharmacokinetics and chemical properties. High-throughput radiation biodosimetry techniques for such internal exposure are needed to assess potential risks of short-term toxicity and delayed effects (e.g., carcinogenesis) for exposed individuals. Previously, we used γ-H2AX to reconstruct injected 137Cs activity in experimentally-exposed mice, and converted activity values into radiation doses based on time since injection and 137Cs-elimination kinetics. In the current study, we sought to assess the feasibility and possible advantages of combining γ-H2AX with transcriptomics to improve 137Cs activity reconstructions. We selected five genes (Atf5, Hist2h2aa2, Olfr358, Psrc1, Hist2h2ac) with strong statistically-significant Spearman's correlations with injected activity and stable expression over time after 137Cs injection. The geometric mean of log-transformed signals of these five genes, combined with γ-H2AX fluorescence, were used as predictors in a nonlinear model for reconstructing injected 137Cs activity. The coefficient of determination (R2) comparing actual and reconstructed activities was 0.91 and root mean squared error (RMSE) was 0.95 MBq. These metrics remained stable when the model was fitted to a randomly-selected half of the data and tested on the other half, repeated 100 times. Model performance was significantly better when compared to our previous analysis using γ-H2AX alone, and when compared to an analysis where genes are used without γ-H2AX, suggesting that integrating γ-H2AX with gene expression provides an important advantage. Our findings show a proof of principle that integration of radiation-responsive biomarkers from different fields is promising for radiation biodosimetry of internal emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Shanaz A. Ghandhi
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Waylon Weber
- Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87108
| | | | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
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7
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Bolduc DL, Blakely WF, H Olsen C, Agay D, Mestries JC, Drouet M, Hérodin F. BABOON RADIATION QUALITY (MIXED-FIELD NEUTRON AND GAMMA, GAMMA ALONE) DOSE-RESPONSE MODEL SYSTEMS: ASSESSMENT OF H-ARS SEVERITY USING HAEMATOLOGIC BIOMARKERS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 186:15-23. [PMID: 31330012 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Results from archived (1986 and 1996) experiments were used to establish a baboon radiation-quality dose-response database with haematology biomarker time-course data following exposure to mixed-fields (i.e. neutron to gamma ratio: 5.5; dose: 0-8 Gy) and 60Co gamma-ray exposures (0-15 Gy). Time-course (i.e. 0-40 d) haematology changes for relevant blood-cell types for both mixed-field (neutron to gamma ratio = 5.5) and gamma ray alone were compared and models developed that showed significant differences using the maximum likehood ratio test. A consensus METREPOL-like haematology ARS (H-ARS) severity scoring system for baboons was established using these results. The data for mixed-field and the gamma only cohorts appeared similar, and so the cohorts were pooled into a single consensus H-ARS severity scoring system. These findings provide proof-of-concept for the use of a METREPOL H-ARS severity scoring system following mixed-field and gamma exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Bolduc
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Scientific Research Department, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William F Blakely
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Scientific Research Department, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cara H Olsen
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics Department, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane Agay
- Effets Biologiques des Rayonnements Département, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mestries
- Effets Biologiques des Rayonnements Département, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Michel Drouet
- Effets Biologiques des Rayonnements Département, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Francis Hérodin
- Effets Biologiques des Rayonnements Département, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
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8
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Gaber MW, Rodgers SP, Tang TT, Sabek OM, Zawaski JA. Differentiation of Heterogeneous Radiation Exposure Using Hematology and Blood Chemistry. Radiat Res 2019; 193:24-33. [PMID: 31671011 DOI: 10.1667/rr15411.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the aftermath of a nuclear incident, survivors will suffer the deleterious effects from acute radiation exposure. The majority of those affected would have received heterogeneous radiation exposure, reflected in hematological metrics and blood chemistry. Here, we investigated the acute and long-term changes in kinetics and magnitude of pancytopenia and blood chemistry in rats irradiated using varying degrees of body shielding. We hypothesized that, although a single blood count may not be able to differentiate the degree of radiation exposure, a combination of measurements from complete blood cell counts (CBCs) and blood chemistry tests is able to do so. Male Sprague Dawley rats, 8-10 weeks of age, received single-dose 7.5 Gy (160 kVp, 25 mA, 1.16 Gy/min) whole-body irradiation (WBI, LD100/30) or partial-body irradiation (PBI), as follows: one leg shielded (1LS, LD0/30), two legs shielded (2LS, LD0/30) or the upper half of the body shielded (UHS, LD0/30). Animal morbidity and weights were measured. Blood was drawn at 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days postirradiation (n = 4-11). For kidney and liver function measurements, CBC and blood chemistry analyses were performed. WBI animals on average survived 9 ± 0.4 days postirradiation. In contrast, all PBI animals survived the 30-day study period. CBC analysis revealed that both white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts were most affected after irradiation. While WBC counts were significantly lower in all irradiated groups on days 1, 5 and 10, platelets were only significantly lower on days 5 and 10 postirradiation. In addition, on day 5 postirradiation both WBC and platelet counts were able to differentiate WBI (non-survivors) from PBI 2LS and UHS animals (survivors). Using four blood parameters (platelets, percentage lymphocytes, percentage neutrophils and percentage monocytes) on day 5 after 7.5 Gy irradiation and a linear discrimination analysis (LDA), we were able to predict the degree of body exposure in animals with a 95.8% accuracy. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly lower in all groups on days 5 and 10 postirradiation compared to baseline. Furthermore, ALP was significantly higher in the UHS than WBI animals. The AST:ALT ratio was significantly higher than baseline in all irradiated groups on day 1 postirradiation. In conclusion, four CBC parameters, on day 5 after receiving a 7.5 Gy dose of radiation, can be employed in a LDA to differentiate various degrees of exposure (shielding). The characterization presented in this work paves the way for further studies in differences caused by heterogeneous body exposure to radiation and a new metric for biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Waleed Gaber
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Tien T Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Omaima M Sabek
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Janice A Zawaski
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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9
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King GL, Sandgren DJ, Mitchell JM, Bolduc DL, Blakely WF. System for Scoring Severity of Acute Radiation Syndrome Response in Rhesus Macaques ( Macaca mulatta). Comp Med 2018; 68:474-488. [PMID: 30305197 PMCID: PMC6310201 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-17-000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We developed a clinical assessment tool for use in an NHP radiation model to 1) quantify severity responses for subsyndromes of the acute radiation syndrome (ARS; that is, hematopoietic and others) and 2) identify animals that required enhanced monitoring. Our assessment tool was based primarily on the MEdical TREatment ProtocOLs for Radiation Accident Victims (METREPOL) scoring system but was adapted for NHP to include additional indices (for example, behaviors) for use in NHP studies involving limited medical intervention. Male (n = 16) and female (n = 12) rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta; 5 groups: sham and 1.0, 3.5, 6.5, and 8.5 Gy; n = 6 per group) received sham- or bilateral 60Co γ-irradiation at approximately 0.6 Gy/mn. Clinical signs of ARS and blood analysis were obtained before and serially for clinical assessment during the period of 6 h to 60 d after sham or 60Co irradiation. Minimal supportive care (that is, supplemental nutrition, subcutaneous fluid, loperamide, acetaminophen, and topical antibiotic ointment) was prescribed based on clinical observations. Results from clinical signs and assays for assessment of relevant organ systems in individual animals were stratified into ARS severity scores of normal (0), mild (1), moderate (2), and severe (3 or 4). Individual NHP were scored for maximal subsyndrome ARS severity in multiple organ systems by using the proposed ARS scoring system to obtain an overall ARS response category. One NHP died unexpectedly. The multiple-parameter ARS severity scoring tool aided in the identification of animals in the high-dose (6.5 and 8.5 Gy) groups that required enhanced monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L King
- Departments of Scientific Research, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David J Sandgren
- Departments of Scientific Research, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer M Mitchell
- Departments of Veterinary Sciences, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David L Bolduc
- Departments of Scientific Research, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William F Blakely
- Departments of Scientific Research, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Menon N, Rogers CJ, Lukaszewicz AI, Axtelle J, Yadav M, Song F, Chakravarti A, Jacob NK. Detection of Acute Radiation Sickness: A Feasibility Study in Non-Human Primates Circulating miRNAs for Triage in Radiological Events. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167333. [PMID: 27907140 PMCID: PMC5132176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of biomarkers capable of estimating absorbed dose is critical for effective triage of affected individuals after radiological events. Levels of cell-free circulating miRNAs in plasma were compared for dose-response analysis in non-human primates (NHP) exposed to lethal (6.5 Gy) and sub-lethal (1 and 3 Gy) doses over a 7 day period. The doses and test time points were selected to mimic triage needs in the event of a mass casualty radiological event. Changes in miRNA abundance in irradiated animals were compared to a non-irradiated cohort and a cohort experiencing acute inflammation response from exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). An amplification-free, hybridization-based direct digital counting method was used for evaluation of changes in microRNAs in plasma from all animals. Consistent with previous murine studies, circulating levels of miR-150-5p exhibited a dose- and time-dependent decrease in plasma. Furthermore, plasma miR-150-5p levels were found to correlate well with lymphocyte and neutrophil depletion kinetics. Additionally, plasma levels of several other evolutionarily and functionally conserved miRNAs were found altered as a function of dose and time. Interestingly, miR-574-5p exhibited a distinct, dose-dependent increase 24 h post irradiation in NHPs with lethal versus sub-lethal exposure before returning to the baseline level by day 3. This particular miRNA response was not detected in previous murine studies but was observed in animals exposed to LPS, indicating distinct molecular and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, an increase in low-abundant miR-126, miR-144, and miR-21 as well as high-abundant miR-1-3p and miR-206 was observed in irradiated animals on day 3 and/or day 7. The data from this study could be used to develop a multi-marker panel with known tissue-specific origin that could be used for developing rapid assays for dose assessment and evaluation of radiation injury on multiple organs. Furthermore this approach may be utilized to screen for tissue toxicity in patients who receive myeloablative and therapeutic radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Menon
- ChromoLogic LLC, Monrovia, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - James Axtelle
- ChromoLogic LLC, Monrovia, California, United States of America
| | - Marshleen Yadav
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Feifei Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Naduparambil K. Jacob
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Sproull M, Camphausen K. State-of-the-Art Advances in Radiation Biodosimetry for Mass Casualty Events Involving Radiation Exposure. Radiat Res 2016; 186:423-435. [PMID: 27710702 DOI: 10.1667/rr14452.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
With the possibility of large-scale terrorist attacks around the world, the need for modeling and development of new medical countermeasures for potential future chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) has been well established. Project Bioshield, initiated in 2004, provided a framework to develop and expedite research in the field of CBRN exposures. To respond to large-scale population exposures from a nuclear event or radiation dispersal device (RDD), new methods for determining received dose using biological modeling became necessary. The field of biodosimetry has advanced significantly beyond this original initiative, with expansion into the fields of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and transcriptomics. Studies are ongoing to evaluate the use of lymphocyte kinetics for dose assessment, as well as the development of field-deployable EPR technology. In addition, expansion of traditional cytogenetic assessment methods through the use of automated platforms and the development of laboratory surge capacity networks have helped to advance our biodefense preparedness. In this review of the latest advances in the field of biodosimetry we evaluate our progress and identify areas that still need to be addressed to achieve true field-deployment readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Sproull
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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