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Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz A, Esteban J, Jabłońska-Trypuć A. Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anticancer Activity of Plant Materials Derived from Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Species. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:705. [PMID: 38931371 PMCID: PMC11206715 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of natural plant materials in modern medicine is considerable, and raw materials with antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties are still sought because of microbe resistance and difficulties in anticancer therapy. This review focuses on the lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. and on the lemongrass oil properties and applications. Multiple applications of this plant were described in different latitudes and cultures, including cases of digestive disorders and anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, diaphoretic, stimulating, and antispasmodic conditions. Data from the literature on the composition of essential oil and extracts from C. citratus were analyzed, and the results of research on the antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral effects were quoted. Essential oil inhibits the growth of fungi (Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, Candida spp.) and has an antibacterial effect (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). It also shows antiviral activity and deters insects. Lemongrass contains active substances with potential anticancer effects. This plant has apoptosis-stimulating properties, mainly through the activity of apigenin, which is the main active flavonoid in this plant. This active substance helps inhibit cell proliferation by stopping the cell cycle and directing cancer cells toward apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Garden of Cosmetic Plants and Raw Materials, Research and Science Innovation Centre, 20-819 Lublin, Poland
| | - Javier Esteban
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain;
| | - Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć
- Garden of Cosmetic Plants and Raw Materials, Research and Science Innovation Centre, 20-819 Lublin, Poland
- Division of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
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Tibenda JJ, Yi Q, Wang X, Zhao Q. Review of phytomedicine, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacological activities of Cymbopogon genus. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997918. [PMID: 36105217 PMCID: PMC9465289 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cymbopogon genus belongs to the Andropoganeae family of the family Poaceae, which is famous for its high essential oil concentration. Cymbopogon possesses a diverse set of characteristics that supports its applications in cosmetic, pharmaceuticals and phytotherapy. The purpose of this review is to summarize and connect the evidence supporting the use of phytotherapy, phytomedicine, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicology, pharmacological activities, and quality control of the Cymbopogon species and their extracts. To ensure the successful completion of this review, data and studies relating to this review were strategically searched and obtained from scientific databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Elsevier. Approximately 120 acceptable reviews, original research articles, and other observational studies were included and incorporated for further analysis. Studies showed that the genus Cymbopogon mainly contained flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which were the pivotal pharmacological active ingredients. When combined with the complex β-cyclodextrin, phytochemicals such as citronellal have been shown to have their own mechanism of action in inhibiting the descending pain pathway. Another mechanism of action described in this review is that of geraniol and citral phytochemicals, which have rose and lemon-like scents and can be exploited in soaps, detergents, mouthwash, cosmetics, and other products. Many other pharmacological effects, such as anti-protozoal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer have been discussed sequentially, along with how and which phytochemicals are responsible for the observed effect. Cymbopogon species have proven to be extremely valuable, with many applications. Its phytotherapy is proven to be due to its rich phytochemicals, obtained from different parts of the plant like leaves, roots, aerial parts, rhizomes, and even its essential oils. For herbs of Cymbopogon genus as a characteristic plant therapy, significant research is required to ensure their efficacy and safety for a variety of ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonnea Japhet Tibenda
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiong Yi
- Meishan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Meishan, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Shamsheer B, Riaz N, Yousaf Z, Hyder S, Aftab A, Iqbal R, Rahman MHU, Al-Ashkar I, F. Almutairi K, El Sabagh A. Genetic diversity analysis for wild and cultivated accessions of Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf using phytochemical and molecular markers. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13505. [PMID: 35789659 PMCID: PMC9250312 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic diversity is being lost because of increasing urbanization and decreasing cultivation land, which leads to the abrupt use of wild resources of medicinally aromatic plants (MAPs). Cymbopogon citratus is a morphologically diverse MAP that is largely exploited in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. However, the intraspecific phytochemical and molecular diversity of C. citratus has yet to be explored. Methodology The germplasm was obtained from four different countries representing Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and the United States. Oil extraction was performed by hydro distillation, and metabolic profiles of different accessions were generated by GC-MS. Seventeen functional molecular markers based on three genes encoding cytochrome P450, uridyl diphosphate glycosyltransferase and the 5S rRNA gene family were used to explore genetic diversity. Principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmaps were constructed using R software with the help of the gg-plot R package v1.0.5 for data validation. Results Among the 208 identified metabolites, citral was maximal, with a phytochemical contribution (1.92-27.73%), α-pinene (0.82-15.57%), verbenol (0.24-22.84%), neral (0.23-21.31%) and geranial acetate (0.43-15.65%). In the majority of accessions, citral was the dominant component. The highest concentration of citral was detected in 384541 (27.74%), 384527 (27.52%) belonging to Pakistan and one USA-based accession 38456 (27.71%). Region-specific grouping revealed a relationship between genetic diversity and geographical location. Pakistani accessions 384518, 38452, and 384544 genetically and 384535, 384518, and 384510 were phytochemically diverse. Conclusion The genetic diversity was more pronounced in cultivated accessions than in wild accessions. Moreover, it was observed that phytochemical diversity correlated with the altitude and temperature of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Shamsheer
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Riaz
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zubaida Yousaf
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hyder
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Arusa Aftab
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bhawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Habib ur Rahman
- Crop Science Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid F. Almutairi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
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Blaise N, Gomdje Valéry H, Maallah R, Oubaouz M, Tigana Djonse Justin B, Andrew Ofudje E, Chtaini A. Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Pb and Cd by Carbon Paste Electrodes Modified by Activated Clay. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:6900839. [PMID: 35096433 PMCID: PMC8791754 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6900839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Calcinated and acidified clay modified carbon graphite electrode was deployed in the simultaneous evaluation of traces of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in solution. After 5 minutes of accumulation in the circuit, the sensitivity of the electrode was evaluated in a solution of Na2SO4 (0.1 M) by square wave voltammetry on the one hand with Pb (II) and on the other hand with Cd (II). Several experimental conditions such as the composition of the carbon clay paste, the effect of preconcentration time, the sweeping speed, concentration effect, media pH, and interference ionic response to the electrochemical response of the working electrode were examined. It was observed that, after 5 minutes of preconcentration, detection limits of 0.15513 μmol·L-1 and 0.24227 μmol·L-1 were obtained for Pb2+ and Cd2+ in the electrolyte solution and 0.08438 μmol·L-1 and 0.46522 μmol·L-1, respectively, when tap water was used. The detection was effective by square wave voltammetry with a more intense current density with respect to lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraka Blaise
- National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 46, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Hambate Gomdje Valéry
- National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 46, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Raja Maallah
- Team of Molecular Electrochemistry and Inorganic Materials, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Oubaouz
- Team of Molecular Electrochemistry and Inorganic Materials, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | | | - Edwin Andrew Ofudje
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Mountain Top University, Prayer City, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Abdelilah Chtaini
- Team of Molecular Electrochemistry and Inorganic Materials, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Beni Mellal, Morocco
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Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz A, Ludwiczuk A, Tarasevičienė Ž, Michalak M, Głowacka A, Baj T, Kręcisz B, Krochmal-Marczak B. Chemical and Nutritional Compounds of Different Parts of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf.) Cultivated in Temperate Climate of Poland. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:125-133. [PMID: 33431767 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf.) is a perennial plant indigenous to semi-tropical regions of Asia and cultivated in other semi-tropical countries. The present study aimed to examine the key chemical constituents of various parts of lemongrass cultivated in the temperate climate of Poland. The content of essential oil and its composition were determined in 4 plant parts: leaves (part C), overground shoots (part B), underground shoots (part A), and roots (part R). Moreover, the content of dry weight, chlorophyll, polyphenols and macro- and microelements was determined in the edible parts (excluding roots). The essential oil from the aerial part predominantly contained neral (> 30%) and geranial (> 40%), which is consistent with the data reported in literature; the main component of essential oil (EO) from the underground part was elemol (65%); interestingly, such a high concentration of it was found for the first time. The concentration of chlorophyll was found to be higher in leaves, as compared to parts B and A. The highest level of potassium, magnesium, zinc and sodium was found in part A while of calcium and copper in leaves. The quality of lemongrass raw materials grown in temperate climates did not differ significantly from those obtained in warmer regions. The study findings confirmed the usefulness of leaves as a raw material for the preparation of infusions (higher concentration of pigments, polyphenols and EO) and of near-ground parts of a plant as a culinary material (a higher content of macroelements at lower concentrations of green pigments and dry weight).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kiełtyka-Dadasiewicz
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodity Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin.,Garden of Cosmetics Plants and Raw Materials, Research and Science Innovation Centre
| | - Agnieszka Ludwiczuk
- Independent Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin
| | - Živilė Tarasevičienė
- Institute of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University
| | - Monika Michalak
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Jan Kochanowski University
| | - Aleksandra Głowacka
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodity Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin
| | - Tomasz Baj
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin
| | - Beata Kręcisz
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College, Jan Kochanowski University
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Profile of Trace Elements in Selected Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Diabetes in Eritrea. ScientificWorldJournal 2016; 2016:2752836. [PMID: 27795982 PMCID: PMC5067330 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2752836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the profile of certain trace elements having therapeutic properties related to diabetes mellitus. The investigated plants were Aloe camperi, Meriandra dianthera, Lepidium sativum, Brassica nigra, and Nigella sativa. These plants are traditionally used in the management of diabetes in Eritrea. The elemental analysis was conducted using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) techniques. The accuracy of the methods was verified using in-house reference materials (CRMs) and no significant differences were observed between the measured and certified values. The analysis displayed variable concentrations of the different trace elements including Zn, Cr, V, Mn, and Se in the plants. Moreover, the levels of major elements, such as Mg, Ca, K, Na, and Ba, and heavy metals, such as Fe, Cu, Ni, Co, As, and Pb, were determined and found to be in the permissible limit defined by WHO. Among the plants, Meriandra dianthera showed the highest levels of Mn, Cr, V, and other elements and the values were significantly different (P < 0.05).
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