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Wang J, Wu C, Wang Y, Shen Y, Wu K, Shi Y, Cao T, Yuan S, Zhu Y, Bai Y, Huang J, Zhang Y, Deng J. Nano-enabled regulation of DNA damage in tumor cells to enhance neoantigen-based pancreatic cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122710. [PMID: 39053036 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Low-expression antigens, especially neoantigens, pose a significant challenge in immunotherapy for low immunogenicity pancreatic cancer. Increasing the tumor mutation burden is crucial to enhance the expression of tumor antigens and improve tumor immunogenicity. However, the incomplete intervention in DNA stability hampers effective elevation of the tumor mutation burden, thus reducing the probability of neoantigen. To address this issue, we have developed a novel nano-regulator that intervenes in the DNA stability of tumor cells, thereby enhancing tumor mutations. This nano-regulator comprises metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) encapsulating DNA damage agent doxorubicin and DNA damage repair inhibitor siRNA-ATR, enabling simultaneous induction of DNA mutations and inhibition of their repair. Importantly, this regulator, named as MOFDOX&siATR, can modulate the tumor gene expression profile, induce the production of neoantigens of Atp8b1, and enhance the immunogenicity of pancreatic cancer. The characteristics of DNA stability intervention by MOFDOX&siATR hold promise for augmenting the immune response in low immunogenic tumors, making it a potential nanomedicine for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Wang
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Chenghu Wu
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases; Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yecheng Shen
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kerui Wu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yikai Shi
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Tianshou Cao
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Shanshan Yuan
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yongheng Bai
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases; Key Laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | - Junjie Deng
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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2
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Jahanafrooz Z, Oroojalian F, Mokhtarzadeh A, Rahdar A, Díez-Pascual AM. Nanovaccines: Immunogenic tumor antigens, targeted delivery, and combination therapy to enhance cancer immunotherapy. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22244. [PMID: 39138855 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Nanovaccines have been designed to overcome the limitations associated with conventional vaccines. Effective delivery methods such as engineered carriers or smart nanoparticles (NPs) are critical requisites for inducing self-tolerance and optimizing vaccine immunogenicity with minimum side effects. NPs can be used as adjuvants, immunogens, or nanocarriers to develop nanovaccines for efficient antigen delivery. Multiloaded nanovaccines carrying multiple tumor antigens along with immunostimulants can effectively increase immunity against tumor cells. They can be biologically engineered to boost interactions with dendritic cells and to allow a gradual and constant antigen release. Modifying NPs surface properties, using high-density lipoprotein-mimicking nanodiscs, and developing nano-based artificial antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cell-derived-exosomes are amongst the new developed technologies to enhance antigen-presentation and immune reactions against tumor cells. The present review provides an overview on the different perspectives, improvements, and barriers of successful clinical application of current cancer therapeutic and vaccination options. The immunomodulatory effects of different types of nanovaccines and the nanoparticles incorporated into their structure are described. The advantages of using nanovaccines to prevent and treat common illnesses such as AIDS, malaria, cancer and tuberculosis are discussed. Further, potential paths to develop optimal cancer vaccines are described. Given the immunosuppressive characteristics of both cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, applying immunomodulators and immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with other conventional anticancer therapies are necessary to boost the effectiveness of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Jahanafrooz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Natural Products & Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnurd, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingenieria Química, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Sanaei MJ, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Rezvani A, Zaboli E, Salari S, Masjedi MR, Bashash D. Lung cancer vaccination from concept to reality: A critical review of clinical trials and latest advances. Life Sci 2024; 346:122652. [PMID: 38641048 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a highly lethal malignancy that poses a significant burden on public health worldwide. There have been numerous therapeutic approaches, among which cancer vaccines have emerged as a promising approach to harnessing the patient's immune system to induce long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. The current study aims to provide an overview of cancer vaccination in the context of lung cancer to establish a clearer landscape for lung cancer treatment. To provide a comprehensive review, we not only gathered the published studies of lung cancer vaccination and discussed their effectiveness and safety profile but also analyzed all the relevant clinical trials registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov until March 2024. We demonstrated all utilized vaccine platforms along with having a glance at novel technologies such as mRNA vaccines. The present review discussed the challenges and shortcomings of lung cancer vaccination, as well as the way they could be managed to pave the way for reaching the most optimized vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezvani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zaboli
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sina Salari
- Department of Medical Oncology-Hematology, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Masjedi
- Cancer Control Research Center, Cancer Control Foundation, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chatzilakou E, Hu Y, Jiang N, Yetisen AK. Biosensors for melanoma skin cancer diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 250:116045. [PMID: 38301546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Skin cancer is a critical global public health concern, with melanoma being the deadliest variant, correlated to 80% of skin cancer-related deaths and a remarkable propensity to metastasize. Despite notable progress in skin cancer prevention and diagnosis, the limitations of existing methods accentuate the demand for precise diagnostic tools. Biosensors have emerged as valuable clinical tools, enabling rapid and reliable point-of-care (POC) testing of skin cancer. This review offers insights into skin cancer development, highlights essential cutaneous melanoma biomarkers, and assesses the current landscape of biosensing technologies for diagnosis. The comprehensive analysis in this review underscores the transformative potential of biosensors in revolutionizing melanoma skin cancer diagnosis, emphasizing their critical role in advancing patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency. The increasing availability of these approaches supports direct diagnosis and aims to reduce the reliance on biopsies, enhancing POC diagnosis. Recent advancements in biosensors for skin cancer diagnosis hold great promise, with their integration into healthcare expected to enhance early detection accuracy and reliability, thereby mitigating socioeconomic disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Chatzilakou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
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5
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Tian W, Tan S, Wang J, Shen P, Qin Q, Zi D. Immune-related LncRNAs scores predicts chemotherapeutic responses and prognosis in cervical cancer patients. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:119. [PMID: 38615287 PMCID: PMC11016529 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) regulating the immune microenvironment of cancer is a hot spot. But little is known about the influence of the immune-related lncRNA (IRlncRs) on the chemotherapeutic responses and prognosis of cervical cancer (CC) patients. The purpose of the study was to identify an immune-related lncRNAs (IRlncRs)-based model for the prospective prediction of clinical outcomes in CC patients. METHODS CC patients' relevant data was acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Correlation analysis and Cox regression analyses were applied. A risk score formula was formulated. Prognostic factors were combined into a nomogram, while sensitivity for chemotherapy drugs was analyzed using the OncoPredict algorithm. RESULTS Eight optimal IRlncRs(ATP2A1-AS1, LINC01943, AL158166.1, LINC00963, AC009065.8, LIPE-AS1, AC105277.1, AC098613.1.) were incorporated in the IRlncRs model. The overall survival (OS) of the high-risk group of the model was inferior to those in the low-risk group. Further analysis demonstrated this eight-IRlncRs model as a useful prognostic marker. The Nomogram had a concordance index of survival prediction of 0.763(95% CI 0.746-0.780) and more robust predictive accuracy. Furthermore, patients in the low-risk group were found to be more sensitive to chemotherapy, including Paclitaxel, Rapamycin, Epirubicin, Vincristine, Docetaxel and Vinorelbine. CONCLUSIONS An eight-IRlncRs-based prediction model was identified that has the potential to be an important tool to predict chemotherapeutic responses and prognosis for CC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Tian
- Department of Gynecology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Songsong Tan
- Department of Gynecology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Shen
- Department of Gynecology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfen Qin
- Department of Gynecology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Zi
- Department of Gynecology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Ke CH, Wu HY, Wang YS, Huang WH, Lin CS. Tumors Established in a Defective Immune Environment Reprogram the Oncogenic Signaling Pathways to Escalate Tumor Antigenicity. Biomedicines 2024; 12:846. [PMID: 38672200 PMCID: PMC11047836 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors developed in immunocompromised hosts are more immunogenic. However, few studies have addressed the potential mechanisms underlying the high immunogenicity of tumors found in a suppressed immune system. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the impacts of the immune system on tumor behaviors and immunogenicity sculpting. A murine colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, CT26wt, was administrated into immunocompetent (BALB/c) and immunocompromised (NOD.SCID) mice, respectively. On day 11, the CT26 cells slowly progressed in the NOD.SCID mice compared to the BALB/c mice. We then performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and analyzed the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The DEPs participated in numerous oncogenic pathways, PI3K/AKT/mTOR cell signaling, and the silencing of several tumor suppressors, such as PTEN and RBL1, during tumorigenesis. On day 34, the CT26/SCID tumors inversely became malignant counterparts; then the CT26/SCID tumors were harvested and re-inoculated into immunocompetent mice (CT26/SCID-Re tumors) to determine the immunogenicity. The CT26/SCID-Re tumor growth rate significantly decreased. Furthermore, increased infiltrations of dendritic cells and tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes were found in the CT26/SCID-Re tumors. These findings suggest that immunogenic tumors might express multiple tumor rejection antigens, unlike wild-type tumors, and attract more immune cells, therefore decreasing the growth rate. Collectively, our study first revealed that in immunodeficient hosts, tumor suppressors were silenced and oncogenic signaling pathways were changed during the initial phase of tumor development. With tumor progression, the tumor antigens were overexpressed, exhibiting elevated immunogenicity. This study offers a hint on the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and provides a niche for investigating the interaction between host immunity and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Hsu Ke
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-H.K.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Shan Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-H.K.); (Y.-S.W.)
- Uni-Pharma Co., Ltd., Taipei 11494, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-H.K.); (Y.-S.W.)
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Eddy K, Gupta K, Eddin MN, Marinaro C, Putta S, Sauer JM, Chaly A, Freeman KB, Pelletier JC, Fateeva A, Furmanski P, Silk AW, Reitz AB, Zloza A, Chen S. Assessing Longitudinal Treatment Efficacies and Alterations in Molecular Markers Associated with Glutamatergic Signaling and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in a Spontaneous Melanoma Mouse Model. JID INNOVATIONS 2024; 4:100262. [PMID: 38445232 PMCID: PMC10914525 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2024.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous work done by our laboratory described the use of an immunocompetent spontaneous melanoma-prone mouse model, TGS (TG-3/SKH-1), to evaluate treatment outcomes using inhibitors of glutamatergic signaling and immune checkpoint for 18 weeks. We showed a significant therapeutic efficacy with a notable sex-biased response in male mice. In this follow-up 18-week study, the dose of the glutamatergic signaling inhibitor was increased (from 1.7 mg/kg to 25 mg/kg), which resulted in improved responses in female mice but not male mice. The greatest reduction in tumor progression was observed in male mice treated with single-agent troriluzole and anti-PD-1. Furthermore, a randomly selected group of mice was removed from treatment after 18 weeks and maintained for up to an additional 48 weeks demonstrating the utility of the TGS mouse model to perform a ≥1-year preclinical therapeutic study in a physiologically relevant tumor-host environment. Digital spatial imaging analyses were performed in tumors and tumor microenvironments across treatment modalities using antibody panels for immune cell types and immune cell activation. The results suggest that immune cell populations and cytotoxic activities of T cells play critical roles in treatment responses in these mice. Examination of a group of molecular protein markers based on the proposed mechanisms of action of inhibitors of glutamatergic signaling and immune checkpoint showed that alterations in expression levels of xCT, γ-H2AX, EAAT2, PD-L1, and PD-1 are likely associated with the loss of treatment responses. These results suggest the importance of tracking changes in molecular markers associated with the mechanism of action of therapeutics over the course of a longitudinal preclinical therapeutic study in spatial and temporal manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevinn Eddy
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kajal Gupta
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mohamad Naser Eddin
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christina Marinaro
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sanjana Putta
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - John Michael Sauer
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anna Chaly
- Fox Chase Therapeutics Discovery, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Fateeva
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Philip Furmanski
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ann W. Silk
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allen B. Reitz
- Fox Chase Therapeutics Discovery, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Zloza
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Suzie Chen
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Eddy K, Gupta K, Pelletier JC, Isola AL, Marinaro C, Rasheed MA, Campagnolo J, Eddin MN, Rossi M, Fateeva A, Reuhl K, Shah R, Robinson AK, Chaly A, Freeman KB, Chen W, Diaz J, Furmanski P, Silk AW, Reitz AB, Zloza A, Chen S. A Spontaneous Melanoma Mouse Model Applicable for a Longitudinal Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy Study. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2007-2018.e6. [PMID: 36997110 PMCID: PMC10524215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models that reflect human disorders provide invaluable tools for the translation of basic science discoveries to clinical therapies. However, many of these in vivo therapeutic studies are short term and do not accurately mimic patient conditions. In this study, we used a fully immunocompetent, transgenic mouse model, TGS, in which the spontaneous development of metastatic melanoma is driven by the ectopic expression of a normal neuronal receptor, mGluR1, as a model to assess longitudinal treatment response (up to 8 months) with an inhibitor of glutamatergic signaling, troriluzole, which is a prodrug of riluzole, plus an antibody against PD-1, an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Our results reveal a sex-biased treatment response that led to improved survival in troriluzole and/or anti-PD-1-treated male mice that correlated with differential CD8+ T cells and CD11b+ myeloid cell populations in the tumor-stromal interface, supporting the notion that this model is a responsive and tractable system for evaluating therapeutic regimens for melanoma in an immunocompetent setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevinn Eddy
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kajal Gupta
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Allison L Isola
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Annandale, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christina Marinaro
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Maryam Abdur Rasheed
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph Campagnolo
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mohamad Naser Eddin
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marco Rossi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anna Fateeva
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kenneth Reuhl
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Raj Shah
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ann K Robinson
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anna Chaly
- Fox Chase Therapeutics Discovery, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katie B Freeman
- Fox Chase Therapeutics Discovery, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wenjin Chen
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jesus Diaz
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Philip Furmanski
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ann W Silk
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allen B Reitz
- Fox Chase Therapeutics Discovery, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Zloza
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Suzie Chen
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
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9
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Lim B, Kim KS, Na K. pH-Responsive Zinc Ion Regulating Immunomodulatory Nanoparticles for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4263-4273. [PMID: 37616157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we introduce a novel approach involving the utilization of a human serum albumin-coated zeolite imidazolate framework-8 containing a photosensitizer (HPZ) that exhibits targeted recognition of the tumor microenvironment, enabling the rapid elevation of zinc ion concentrations while facilitating the controlled release of an encapsulated photosensitizer (PS). At a physiological pH of 7.4, HPZ demonstrates a size of approximately 170 nm, significantly decreasing to less than 10 nm under pH 6.5 acidic conditions. Acid-induced decomposition of HPZ triggers a rapid increase in zinc ion concentration, eliciting potent cytotoxic effects against colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancers. Additionally, upon laser irradiation, the encapsulated PS within HPZ initiates the generation of reactive oxygen species, synergistically augmenting the cytotoxicity induced by zinc ions. Intravenous administration of HPZ in a CT26 tumor-bearing mouse model resulted in a notable expansion of CD3+CD4+ helper T cells and CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, accompanied by a reduction in the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell population. These changes led to significant inhibition of tumor growth, highlighting the efficacy of HPZ in this experimental model. Importantly, HPZ exhibits favorable safety characteristics, displaying no toxicity toward vital organs and inducing no weight loss. Thus, HPZ holds immense promise as a standalone treatment or in combination with diverse anticancer immunotherapies, underscoring its potential in the field of anticancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungjun Lim
- Department of BioMedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Sub Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Department of BioMedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
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10
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Bandopadhyay S, Patranabis S. Mechanisms of HIF-driven immunosuppression in tumour microenvironment. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2023; 35:27. [PMID: 37646847 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-023-00186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia arises due to insufficient oxygen delivery to rapidly proliferating tumour cells that outpace the available blood supply. It is a characteristic feature of most solid tumour microenvironments and plays a critical role in regulating anti-tumour immunity, enhancing tumoral heterogeneity, and promoting therapeutic resistance and poor clinical outcomes. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the major hypoxia-responsive transcription factors that are activated under low oxygenation conditions and have been identified to drive multifunctional roles in tumour immune evasion. The HIF signalling network serves as an attractive target for targeted therapeutic approaches. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the most crucial mechanisms by which HIF controls the expression of immunosuppressive molecules and immune checkpoints, disrupts cancer immunogenicity, and induces immunotherapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Somi Patranabis
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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11
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Ellis SLS, Dada S, Nohara LL, Saranchova I, Munro L, Pfeifer CG, Eyford BA, Morova T, Williams DE, Cheng P, Lack NA, Andersen RJ, Jefferies WA. Curcuphenol possesses an unusual histone deacetylase enhancing activity that counters immune escape in metastatic tumours. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1119620. [PMID: 37637416 PMCID: PMC10449465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1119620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcuphenol, a common component of the culinary spices, naturally found in marine invertebrates and plants, has been identified as a novel candidate for reversing immune escape by restoring expression of the antigen presentation machinery (APM) in invasive cancers, thereby resurrecting the immune recognition of metastatic tumours. Two synthetic curcuphenol analogues, were prepared by informed design that demonstrated consistent induction of APM expression in metastatic prostate and lung carcinoma cells. Both analogues were subsequently found to possess a previously undescribed histone deacetylase (HDAC)-enhancing activity. Remarkably, the H3K27ac ChIPseq analysis of curcuphenol-treated cells reveals that the induced epigenomic marks closely resemble the changes in genome-wide pattern observed with interferon-γ, a cytokine instrumental for orchestrating innate and adaptive immunity. These observations link dietary components to modifying epigenetic programs that modulate gene expression guiding poised immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. S. Ellis
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah Dada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Zoology, and Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lilian L. Nohara
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Iryna Saranchova
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Zoology, and Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lonna Munro
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cheryl G. Pfeifer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brett A. Eyford
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tunc Morova
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David E. Williams
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ping Cheng
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nathan A. Lack
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Raymond J. Andersen
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wilfred A. Jefferies
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Zoology, and Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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12
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Szebeni GJ, Alföldi R, Nagy LI, Neuperger P, Gémes N, Balog JÁ, Tiszlavicz L, Puskás LG. Introduction of an Ultraviolet C-Irradiated 4T1 Murine Breast Cancer Whole-Cell Vaccine Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1254. [PMID: 37515069 PMCID: PMC10386199 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatments. However, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors may entail severe side effects, with the risk of therapeutic resistance. The generation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells or CAR-NK cells requires specialized molecular laboratories, is costly, and is difficult to adapt to the rapidly growing number of cancer patients. To provide a simpler but effective immune therapy, a whole-cell tumor vaccine protocol was established based on ultraviolet C (UCV)-irradiated 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer cells. The apoptosis of tumor cells after UVC irradiation was verified using resazurin and Annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometric assays. Protective immunity was achieved in immunized BALB/c mice, showing partial remission. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes or plasma from the mice in remission showed a protective effect in the naive BALB/c mice that received a living 4T1 tumor cell injection. 4T1-specific IgG antibodies were recorded in the plasma of the mice following immunization with the whole-cell vaccine. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and oligonucleotide 2006 (ODN2006) adjuvants were used for the transfer of splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice into cyclophosphamide-treated BALB/c mice, resulting in prolonged survival, reduced tumor growth, and remission in 33% of the cases, without the development of the graft-versus-host disease. Our approach offers a simple, cost-effective whole-cell vaccine protocol that can be administered to immunocompetent healthy organisms. The plasma or the adoptive transfer of HLA-matching immunized donor-derived leukocytes could be used as an immune cell therapy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor J Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
- CS-Smartlab Devices Ltd., Ady E. u. 14, H7761 Kozármisleny, Hungary
| | - Róbert Alföldi
- AstridBio Technologies Ltd., Wimmer Fülöp utca 1, H6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos I Nagy
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó Kikötő sor 11/D, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Patrícia Neuperger
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Gémes
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Á Balog
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Tiszlavicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Állomás u. 2, H6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó Kikötő sor 11/D, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
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13
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Bou-Dargham MJ, Sha L, Sarker DB, Krakora-Compagno MZ, Chen Z, Zhang J, Sang QXA. TCGA RNA-Seq and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Imaging Data Reveal Cold Tumor Signatures of Invasive Ductal Carcinomas and Estrogen Receptor-Positive Human Breast Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119355. [PMID: 37298307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative studies of immune-active hot and immune-deserted cold tumors are critical for identifying therapeutic targets and strategies to improve immunotherapy outcomes in cancer patients. Tumors with high tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are likely to respond to immunotherapy. We used the human breast cancer RNA-seq data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and classified them into hot and cold tumors based on their lymphocyte infiltration scores. We compared the immune profiles of hot and cold tumors, their corresponding normal tissue adjacent to the tumor (NAT), and normal breast tissues from healthy individuals from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. Cold tumors showed a significantly lower effector T cells, lower levels of antigen presentation, higher pro-tumorigenic M2 macrophages, and higher expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness-associated genes. Hot/cold dichotomy was further tested using TIL maps and H&E whole-slide pathology images from the cancer imaging archive (TCIA). Analysis of both datasets revealed that infiltrating ductal carcinoma and estrogen receptor ER-positive tumors were significantly associated with cold features. However, only TIL map analysis indicated lobular carcinomas as cold tumors and triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) as hot tumors. Thus, RNA-seq data may be clinically relevant to tumor immune signatures when the results are supported by pathological evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayassa J Bou-Dargham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Linlin Sha
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Drishty B Sarker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | | | - Zhui Chen
- Abbisko Therapeutics, Shanghai 200100, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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14
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Nan Y, Su H, Zhou B, Liu S. The function of natural compounds in important anticancer mechanisms. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1049888. [PMID: 36686745 PMCID: PMC9846506 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1049888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of malignant tumors has been a threat to human life, health, and safety. Although the rapid development of radiotherapy, drug therapy, surgery, and local therapy has improved the quality of life of tumor patients, there are still some risks. Natural compounds are widely used in cancer because they are easy to obtain, have a good curative effects and have no obvious side effects, and play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of various cancers. Phenolic, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and other natural components of traditional Chinese medicine have certain anti-tumor activities, which can promote apoptosis, anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis, inhibit angiogenesis, change the morphology of cancer cells and regulate immune function, etc., and have positive effects on breast cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, rectal cancer and so on. To better understand the effects of natural compounds on cancer, this paper screened out four important pathways closely related to cancer, including cell death and immunogenic cell death, immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, inflammation and related pathways and tumor metastasis, and systematically elaborated the effects of natural compounds on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Nan
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, Haerbin, China
| | - Hongchan Su
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, Haerbin, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, Haerbin, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, Haerbin, China,*Correspondence: Shumin Liu,
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15
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Fang C, Xiao G, Wang T, Song L, Peng B, Xu B, Zhang K. Emerging Nano-/Biotechnology Drives Oncolytic Virus-Activated and Combined Cancer Immunotherapy. RESEARCH 2023; 6:0108. [PMID: 37040283 PMCID: PMC10079287 DOI: 10.34133/research.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) as one promising antitumor methods have made important contributions to tumor immunotherapy, which arouse increasing attention. They provide the dual mechanisms including direct killing effect toward tumor cells and immune activation for elevating antitumor responses, which have been proved in many preclinical studies. Especially, natural or genetically modified viruses as clinical immune preparations have emerged as a new promising approach objective to oncology treatment. The approval of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the therapy of advanced melanoma could be considered as a milestone achievement in the clinical translation of OV. In this review, we first discussed the antitumor mechanisms of OVs with an emphasis on targeting, replication, and propagation. We further outlined the state of the art of current OVs in tumor and underlined the activated biological effects especially including immunity. More significantly, the enhanced immune responses based on OVs were systematically discussed from different perspectives such as combination with immunotherapy, genetic engineering of OVs, integration with nanobiotechnology or nanoparticles, and antiviral response counteraction, where their principles were shed light on. The development of OVs in the clinics was also highlighted to analyze the actuality and concerns of different OV applications in clinical trials. At last, the future perspectives and challenges of OVs as an already widely accepted treatment means were discussed. This review will provide a systematic review and deep insight into OV development and also offer new opportunities and guidance pathways to drive the further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,
Tongji University, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Gaozhe Xiao
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics,
Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Taixia Wang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,
Tongji University, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Li Song
- Central Laboratory and Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,
Tongji University, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Central Laboratory and Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,
Tongji University, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,
Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,
Tongji University, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics,
Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
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16
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Ke CH, Chiu YH, Huang KC, Lin CS. Exposure of Immunogenic Tumor Antigens in Surrendered Immunity and the Significance of Autologous Tumor Cell-Based Vaccination in Precision Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010147. [PMID: 36613591 PMCID: PMC9820296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which immune systems identify and destroy tumors, known as immunosurveillance, have been discussed for decades. However, several factors that lead to tumor persistence and escape from the attack of immune cells in a normal immune system have been found. In the process known as immunoediting, tumors decrease their immunogenicity and evade immunosurveillance. Furthermore, tumors exploit factors such as regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressive cells, and inhibitory cytokines that avoid cytotoxic T cell (CTL) recognition. Current immunotherapies targeting tumors and their surroundings have been proposed. One such immunotherapy is autologous cancer vaccines (ACVs), which are characterized by enriched tumor antigens that can escalate specific CTL responses. Unfortunately, ACVs usually fail to activate desirable therapeutic effects, and the low immunogenicity of ACVs still needs to be elucidated. This difficulty highlights the significance of immunogenic antigens in antitumor therapies. Previous studies have shown that defective host immunity triggers tumor development by reprogramming tumor antigenic expressions. This phenomenon sheds new light on ACVs and provides a potential cue to improve the effectiveness of ACVs. Furthermore, synergistically with the ACV treatment, combinational therapy, which can reverse the suppressive tumor microenvironments, has also been widely proposed. Thus, in this review, we focus on tumor immunogenicity sculpted by the immune systems and discuss the significance and application of restructuring tumor antigens in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Hsu Ke
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei 111002, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Holistic Education Center, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-233-661-286
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17
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Butner JD, Dogra P, Chung C, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Lowengrub J, Cristini V, Wang Z. Mathematical modeling of cancer immunotherapy for personalized clinical translation. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 2:785-796. [PMID: 38126024 PMCID: PMC10732566 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-022-00377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Encouraging advances are being made in cancer immunotherapy modeling, especially in the key areas of developing personalized treatment strategies based on individual patient parameters, predicting treatment outcomes and optimizing immunotherapy synergy when used in combination with other treatment approaches. Here we present a focused review of the most recent mathematical modeling work on cancer immunotherapy with a focus on clinical translatability. It can be seen that this field is transitioning from pure basic science to applications that can make impactful differences in patients' lives. We discuss how researchers are integrating experimental and clinical data to fully inform models so that they can be applied for clinical predictions, and present the challenges that remain to be overcome if widespread clinical adaptation is to be realized. Lastly, we discuss the most promising future applications and areas that are expected to be the focus of extensive upcoming modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Butner
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prashant Dogra
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Cancer Biology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - John Lowengrub
- Department of Mathematics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vittorio Cristini
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Optimal timing of PD-1 blockade in combination with oncolytic virus therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:971-980. [PMID: 34033895 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Anti-PD-1 and oncolytic viruses (OVs) have non-overlapping anti-tumor mechanisms, since each agent works at different steps of the cancer-immunity cycle. Evidence suggests that OVs improve therapeutic responses to anti-PD-1 therapy by reversing immunosuppressive factors, increasing the number and diversity of infiltrating lymphocytes, and promoting PD-L1 expression in both injected and non-injected tumors. Many studies in preclinical models suggest that the timing of anti-PD-1 administration influences the therapeutic success of the combination therapy (anti-PD-1 + OV). Therefore, determining the appropriate sequencing of agents is of critical importance to designing a rationale OV-based combinational clinical trial. Currently, the combination of anti-PD-1 and OVs are being delivered using various schedules, and we have classified the timing of administration of anti-PD-1 and OVs into five categories: (i) anti-PD-1 lead-in → OV; (ii) concurrent administration; (iii) OV lead-in → anti-PD-1; (iv) concurrent therapy lead-in → anti-PD-1; and (v) OV lead-in → concurrent therapy. Based on the reported preclinical and clinical literature, the most promising treatment strategy to date is hypothesized to be OV lead-in → concurrent therapy. In the OV lead-in → concurrent therapy approach, initial OV treatment results in T cell priming and infiltration into tumors and an immunologically hot tumor microenvironment (TME), which can be counterbalanced by engagement of PD-L1 to PD-1 receptor on immune cells, leading to T cell exhaustion. Therefore, after initial OV therapy, concurrent use of both OV and anti-PD-1 is critical through which OV maintains T cell priming and an immunologically hot TME, whereas PD-1 blockade helps to overcome PD-L1/PD-1-mediated T cell exhaustion. It is important to note that the hypothetical conclusion drawn in this review is based on thorough literature review on current understanding of OV + anti-PD-1 combination therapies and rhythm of treatment-induced cancer-immunity cycle. A variety of confounding factors such as tumor types, OV types, presence or absence of cytokine transgenes carried by an OV, timing of treatment initiation, varying dosages and treatment frequencies/duration of OV and anti-PD-1, etc. may affect the validity of our conclusion that will need to be further examined by future research (such as side-by-side comparative studies using all five treatment schedules in a given tumor model).
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19
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Systemic CD4 Immunity and PD-L1/PD-1 Blockade Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113241. [PMID: 36362027 PMCID: PMC9655397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-L1/PD-1 blockade immunotherapy has changed the therapeutic approaches for the treatment of many cancers. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying its efficacy or treatment failure are still unclear. Proficient systemic immunity seems to be a prerequisite for efficacy, as recently shown in patients and in mouse models. It is widely accepted that expansion of anti-tumor CD8 T cell populations is principally responsible for anti-tumor responses. In contrast, the role of CD4 T cells has been less studied. Here we review and discuss the evidence supporting the contribution of CD4 T cells to anti-tumor immunity, especially recent advances linking CD4 T cell subsets to efficacious PD-L1/PD-1 blockade immunotherapy. We also discuss the role of CD4 T cell memory subsets present in peripheral blood before the start of immunotherapies, and their utility as predictors of response.
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20
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Melixetian M, Pelicci PG, Lanfrancone L. Regulation of LncRNAs in Melanoma and Their Functional Roles in the Metastatic Process. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030577. [PMID: 35159386 PMCID: PMC8834033 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of numerous intracellular processes leading to tumorigenesis. They are frequently deregulated in cancer, functioning as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. As they act through multiple mechanisms, it is not surprising that they may exert dual functions in the same tumor. In melanoma, a highly invasive and metastatic tumor with the propensity to rapidly develop drug resistance, lncRNAs play different roles in: (i) guiding the phenotype switch and leading to metastasis formation; (ii) predicting the response of melanoma patients to immunotherapy; (iii) triggering adaptive responses to therapy and acquisition of drug resistance phenotypes. In this review we summarize the most recent findings on the lncRNAs involved in melanoma growth and spreading to distant sites, focusing on their role as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and patient prognosis, or targets for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Melixetian
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (P.G.P.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfrancone
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (P.G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-94375011
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21
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Liu S, Li D, Liu J, Wang H, Horecny I, Shen R, Zhang R, Wu H, Hu Q, Zhao P, Zhang F, Yan Y, Feng J, Zhuang L, Li J, Zhang L, Tao W. A Novel CD73 Inhibitor SHR170008 Suppresses Adenosine in Tumor and Enhances Anti-Tumor Activity with PD-1 Blockade in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4561-4574. [PMID: 34466002 PMCID: PMC8403083 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s326178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction CD73 and adenosine support growth-promoting neovascularization, metastasis, and survival in cells, and promote anti-PD-1 mAb therapy-induced immune escape. Consequently, developing a CD73 inhibitor as monotherapy and a potential beneficial combination partner with immune-checkpoint inhibitors needs investigation. Methods CD73 inhibitors were evaluated in vitro with soluble and membrane-bound CD73 enzymes, as well as its PD biomarker responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by flow cytometry and ELISA. The binding modes of the molecules were analyzed via molecular modeling. The anti-tumor activity and synergistic effect of SHR170008 in combination with anti-PD-1 mAb were evaluated in a syngeneic mouse breast cancer model. Results SHR170008 was discovered during the initial structural modifications on the link between the ribose and the α-phosphate of AMPCP, which significantly improved the stability of the compound confirmed by the metabolite identification study. Further modifications on the adenine base of AMPCP improved the potency due to forming stronger interactions with CD73 protein. It exhibited potent inhibitory activities on soluble and endogenous membrane-bound CD73 enzymes, and induced IFNγ production, reversed AMP-suppressed CD25+ and CD8+/CD25+ expression, and enhanced granzyme B production on CD8+ T cells in human PBMC. SHR170008 showed dose-dependent anti-tumor efficacy with suppression of adenosine in the tumors in EMT6 mouse breast tumor model. The increase of adenosine in tumor tissue by anti-PD-1 mAb alone was suppressed by SHR170008 in the combination groups. Simultaneous inhibition of CD73 and PD-1 neutralization synergistically enhanced antitumor immunity and biomarkers in response, and exposures of SHR170008 were correlated with the efficacy readouts. Conclusion Our findings suggest that CD73 may serve as an immune checkpoint by generating adenosine, which suppresses the antitumor activity of anti-PD-1 mAb, and inhibition of CD73 may be a potential beneficial combination partner with immune-checkpoint inhibitors to improve their therapeutic outcomes in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxing Liu
- Department of Biology, Eternity Bioscience Inc., Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA
| | - Di Li
- Department of Biology, Eternity Bioscience Inc., Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Eternity Bioscience Inc., Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA
| | - Huiyun Wang
- Department of Biology, Eternity Bioscience Inc., Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA
| | - Ivana Horecny
- Department of Biology, Eternity Bioscience Inc., Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA
| | - Ru Shen
- Department of Biology, Eternity Bioscience Inc., Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA
| | - Rumin Zhang
- Department of Biology, Eternity Bioscience Inc., Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA
| | - Heping Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Eternity Bioscience Inc., Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA
| | - Qiyue Hu
- Department of Molecular Modeling, Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 200245, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Eternity Bioscience Inc., Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA
| | - Fengqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Eternity Bioscience Inc., Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA
| | - Yinfa Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Eternity Bioscience Inc., Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Process Chemistry, Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 200245, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghang Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, Eternity Bioscience Inc., Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Biology, Eternity Bioscience Inc., Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA
| | - Lianshan Zhang
- R&D Center, Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 200245, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikang Tao
- R&D Center, Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 200245, People's Republic of China
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22
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Jeong S, Choi Y, Kim K. Engineering Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer Immunotherapy via Exogenous Delivery of Toll-like Receptor Agonists. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1374. [PMID: 34575449 PMCID: PMC8466827 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a currently spotlighted method for cancer treatment, cancer immunotherapy has made a lot of progress in recent years. Among tremendous cancer immunotherapy boosters available nowadays, Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists were specifically selected, because of their effective activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, and macrophages. TLR agonists can activate signaling pathways of DCs to express CD80 and CD86 molecules, and secrete various cytokines and chemokines. The maturation of DCs stimulates naïve T cells to differentiate into functional cells, and induces B cell activation. Although TLR agonists have anti-tumor ability by activating the immune system of the host, their drawbacks, which include poor efficiency and remarkably short retention time in the body, must be overcome. In this review, we classify and summarize the recently reported delivery strategies using (1) exogenous TLR agonists to maintain the biological and physiological signaling activities of cargo agonists, (2) usage of multiple TLR agonists for synergistic immune responses, and (3) co-delivery using the combination with other immunomodulators or stimulants. In contrast to naked TLR agonists, these exogenous TLR delivery strategies successfully facilitated immune responses and subsequently mediated anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, 30, Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 22012, Korea; (S.J.); (Y.C.)
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23
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Tang H, Li H, Sun Z. Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells for cancer therapy. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0806. [PMID: 34403220 PMCID: PMC8610166 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and clinical application of immunotherapy is considered a promising breakthrough in cancer treatment. According to the literature, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has achieved positive clinical responses in different cancer types, although its clinical efficacy remains limited in some patients. The main obstacle to inducing effective antitumor immune responses with ICB is the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), as major immune cells that mediate tumor immunosuppression, are intimately involved in regulating the resistance of cancer patients to ICB therapy and to clinical cancer staging and prognosis. Therefore, a combined treatment strategy using MDSC inhibitors and ICB has been proposed and continually improved. This article discusses the immunosuppressive mechanism, clinical significance, and visualization methods of MDSCs. More importantly, it describes current research progress on compounds targeting MDSCs to enhance the antitumor efficacy of ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Tang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hao Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhijun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head Neck Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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24
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Fonseca-Alves CE, Ferreira Ê, de Oliveira Massoco C, Strauss BE, Fávaro WJ, Durán N, Oyafuso da Cruz N, dos Santos Cunha SC, Castro JLC, Rangel MMM, Brunner CHM, Tellado M, dos Anjos DS, Fernandes SC, Barbosa de Nardi A, Biondi LR, Dagli MLZ. Current Status of Canine Melanoma Diagnosis and Therapy: Report From a Colloquium on Canine Melanoma Organized by ABROVET (Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology). Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:707025. [PMID: 34485435 PMCID: PMC8415562 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.707025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ênio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Oliveira Massoco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan Eric Strauss
- Laboratório de Vetores Virais, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nelson Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Denner Santos dos Anjos
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | - Andrigo Barbosa de Nardi
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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4-1BBL as a Mediator of Cross-Talk between Innate, Adaptive, and Regulatory Immunity against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126210. [PMID: 34207500 PMCID: PMC8227424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of tumor cells to evade the immune system is one of the main challenges we confront in the fight against cancer. Multiple strategies have been developed to counteract this situation, including the use of immunostimulant molecules that play a key role in the anti-tumor immune response. Such a response needs to be tumor-specific to cause as little damage as possible to healthy cells and also to track and eliminate disseminated tumor cells. Therefore, the combination of immunostimulant molecules and tumor-associated antigens has been implemented as an anti-tumor therapy strategy to eliminate the main obstacles confronted in conventional therapies. The immunostimulant 4-1BBL belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family and it has been widely reported as the most effective member for activating lymphocytes. Hence, we will review the molecular, pre-clinical, and clinical applications in conjunction with tumor-associated antigens in antitumor immunotherapy, as well as the main molecular pathways involved in this association.
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26
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Lu F, Hou L, Wang S, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Sun L, Wang C, Ma Z, Yang F. Lysosome activable polymeric vorinostat encapsulating PD-L1KD for a combination of HDACi and immunotherapy. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:963-972. [PMID: 34036867 PMCID: PMC8158275 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1927246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-1/PD-L1 blocking therapy has become one of the most promising methods in the field of tumor treatment. However, it encounters the challenge of immune escape due to the exhaustion of T cells. Studies have shown that the epigenetic regulation drug histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) may be able to reverse exhausted T cells by changing the epigenetic transcription program. Therefore, the combination of epigenetic therapy and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy is expected to reverse the immune escape, whereas the overriding goal should aim at the spontaneous release and synergy of PD-1/PD-L1 blocking siRNA and HDACi. In this study, we develop PDDS{polyethylene glycol-b-asparaginate(diethylenetriamine-vorinostat), (PEG-b-P[Asp(DET-SAHA)n] PPDS)}encapsulating siRNA-PD-L1to provide micelles siRNA-PD-L1-loaded micelles (siRNA@PPDS). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images demonstrate that siRNA@PPDS micelles presented spherical morphology with a size of about 120 nm; hydrodynamic data analysis indicates pH sensitivity of siRNA@PPDS micelles. The experiments reveal that siRNA@PPDS micelles could be well uptaken by the tumor cells to silence the expression of PD-L1 protein in a dose-dependent manner; compared with the free SAHA, the SAHA-loaded micelles PPDS show higher cytotoxicity to induce tumor cell apoptosis and block cell cycle in G1 phase on melanoma-bearing mice, siRNA@PPDS has shown outstanding inhibition of tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis. By comprehensively activating the immune system, lysosome activable polymeric vorinostat encapsulating PD-L1KD for the combination therapy of PD-L1-KD and HDACIs can be an effective strategy to reverse the unresponsiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors and a promising treatment to inhibit tumor growth, recurrence, and metastasis in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengkun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sizhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunchang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhong Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin North Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University Hebei Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Zhangjiakou, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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27
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Huang R, Zheng Z, Liu S, Yan P, Song D, Yin H, Hu P, Zhu X, Chang Z, Liu Y, Zhuang J, Meng T, Huang Z, Zhang J. Identification of prognostic and bone metastasis-related alternative splicing signatures in mesothelioma. Cancer Med 2021; 10:4478-4492. [PMID: 34041868 PMCID: PMC8267146 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma (MESO) is an infrequent tumor derived from mesothelial cells of pleura, peritoneum, pericardium, and tunica vaginalis testis. Despite advancement in technologies and better understanding of tumor progression mechanism, the prognosis of MESO remains poor. The role of alternative splicing events (ASEs) in the oncogenesis, tumor metastasis and drug resistance has been widely discussed in multiple cancers. But the prognosis and potential therapeutic value of ASEs in MESO were not clearly studied by now. We constructed a prognostic model using RNA sequencing data and matched ASE data of MESO patients obtained from the TCGA and TCGASpliceSeq database. A total of 3,993 ASEs were identified associated with overall survival using Cox regression analysis. Eight of them were finally figured out to institute the model by lasso regression analysis. The risk score of the model can predict the prognosis independently. Among the identified 390 splicing factors (SF), HSPA1A and DDX3Y was significantly associated with 43 OS-SEs. Among these OS-SEs, SNX5-58744-AT (p = 0.048) and SNX5-58745-AT (p = 0.048) were significantly associated with bone metastasis. Co-expression analysis of signal pathways and SNX5-58744-AT, SNX5-58745-AT was also depicted using GSVA. Finally, we proposed that splicing factor (SF) HSPA1A could regulate SNX5-58744-AT (R = -0.414) and SNX5-58745-AT (R = 0.414) through the pathway "Class I MHC mediated antigen processing and presentation" (R = 0.400). In this way, tumorigenesis and bone metastasis of MESO were controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Zheng
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Penghui Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dianwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huabin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhengyan Chang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanwei Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tong Meng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongqiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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28
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Eddy K, Shah R, Chen S. Decoding Melanoma Development and Progression: Identification of Therapeutic Vulnerabilities. Front Oncol 2021; 10:626129. [PMID: 33614507 PMCID: PMC7891057 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.626129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, a cancer of the skin, arises from transformed melanocytes. Melanoma has the highest mutational burden of any cancer partially attributed to UV induced DNA damage. Localized melanoma is “curable” by surgical resection and is followed by radiation therapy to eliminate any remaining cancer cells. Targeted therapies against components of the MAPK signaling cascade and immunotherapies which block immune checkpoints have shown remarkable clinical responses, however with the onset of resistance in most patients, and, disease relapse, these patients eventually become refractory to treatments. Although great advances have been made in our understanding of the metastatic process in cancers including melanoma, therapy failure suggests that much remains to be learned and understood about the multi-step process of tumor metastasis. In this review we provide an overview of melanocytic transformation into malignant melanoma and key molecular events that occur during this evolution. A better understanding of the complex processes entailing cancer cell dissemination will improve the mechanistic driven design of therapies that target specific steps involved in cancer metastasis to improve clinical response rates and overall survival in all cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevinn Eddy
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Raj Shah
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Suzie Chen
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.,Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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29
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Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy Using Induced Pluripotency Stem Cells-Based Vaccines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123581. [PMID: 33266109 PMCID: PMC7760556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in cancer therapy, metastatic solid tumors remain largely incurable. Immunotherapy has emerged as a pioneering and promising approach for cancer therapy and management, and in particular intended for advanced tumors unresponsive to current therapeutics. In cancer immunotherapy, components of the immune system are exploited to eliminate cancer cells and treat patients. The recent clinical successes of immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies represent a turning point in cancer treatment. Despite their potential success, current approaches depend on efficient tumor antigen presentation which are often inaccessible, and most tumors turn refractory to current immunotherapy. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been shown to share several characteristics with cancer (stem) cells (CSCs), eliciting a specific anti-tumoral response when injected in rodent cancer models. Indeed, artificial cellular reprogramming has been widely compared to the biogenesis of CSCs. Here, we will discuss the state-of-the-art on the potential implication of cellular reprogramming and iPSCs for the design of patient-specific immunotherapeutic strategies, debating the similarities between iPSCs and cancer cells and introducing potential strategies that could enhance the efficiency and therapeutic potential of iPSCs-based cancer vaccines.
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30
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Eddy K, Chen S. Overcoming Immune Evasion in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8984. [PMID: 33256089 PMCID: PMC7730443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer that develops from transformed melanocytes. It is crucial to identify melanoma at its early stages, in situ, as it is "curable" at this stage. However, after metastasis, it is difficult to treat and the five-year survival is only 25%. In recent years, a better understanding of the etiology of melanoma and its progression has made it possible for the development of targeted therapeutics, such as vemurafenib and immunotherapies, to treat advanced melanomas. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms that mediate melanoma development and progression, with a special focus on the immune evasion strategies utilized by melanomas, to evade host immune surveillances. The proposed mechanism of action and the roles of immunotherapeutic agents, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab, adoptive T- cell therapy plus T-VEC in the treatment of advanced melanoma are discussed. In this review, we implore that a better understanding of the steps that mediate melanoma onset and progression, immune evasion strategies exploited by these tumor cells, and the identification of biomarkers to predict treatment response are critical in the design of improved strategies to improve clinical outcomes for patients with this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevinn Eddy
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Suzie Chen
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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31
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Chaudhary S, Dam V, Ganguly K, Sharma S, Atri P, Chirravuri-Venkata R, Cox JL, Sayed Z, Jones DT, Ganti AK, Ghersi D, Macha MA, Batra SK. Differential mutation spectrum and immune landscape in African Americans versus Whites: A possible determinant to health disparity in head and neck cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 492:44-53. [PMID: 32738272 PMCID: PMC8432304 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
African Americans (AA) with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) have a worse disease prognosis than White patients despite adjusting for socio-economic factors, suggesting the potential biological contribution. Therefore, we investigated the genomic and immunological components that drive the differential tumor biology among race. We utilized the cancer genome atlas and cancer digital archive of HNSCC patients (1992-2013) for our study. We found that AA patients with HNSCC had a higher frequency of mutation compared to Whites in the key driver genes-P53, FAT1, CASP8 and HRAS. AA tumors also exhibited lower intratumoral infiltration of effector immune cells (CD8+, γδT, resting memory CD4+ and activated memory CD4+ T cells) with shorter survival than Whites. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of differentially expressed genes demonstrated distinct gene clusters between AA and White patients with unique signaling pathway enrichments. Connectivity map analysis identified drugs (Neratinib and Selumetinib) that target aberrant PI3K/RAS/MEK signaling and may reduce racial disparity in therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Chaudhary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Vi Dam
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Koelina Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sunandini Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ramakanth Chirravuri-Venkata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Jesse L Cox
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Zafar Sayed
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Dwight T Jones
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Apar K Ganti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA-Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Dario Ghersi
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA.
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Ganderbal, 191201, India.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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32
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Gross BP, Chitphet K, Wongrakpanich A, Wafa EI, Norian LA, Salem AK. Biotinylated Streptavidin Surface Coating Improves the Efficacy of a PLGA Microparticle-Based Cancer Vaccine. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2147-2157. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett P. Gross
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Khanidtha Chitphet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Amaraporn Wongrakpanich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Department of Pharmacy and Center of Excellence in Innovation Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Mahidol University, Rakatjavee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Emad I. Wafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Lyse A. Norian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and University of Alabama at Birmingham O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, United States
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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33
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Shin H, Na K. Cancer-Targetable pH-Sensitive Zinc-Based Immunomodulators Combined with Photodynamic Therapy for in Situ Vaccination. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3430-3439. [PMID: 33463185 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A cancer vaccine is a promising immunotherapy modality, but the heterogenicity of tumors and substantial time and costs required in tumor-associated antigen (TAA) screening have hindered the development of an individualized vaccine. Herein, we propose in situ vaccination using cancer-targetable pH-sensitive zinc-based immunomodulators (CZIs) to elicit antitumor immune response against TAAs of patients' tumors without the ex vivo identification processes. In the tumor microenvironment, CZIs promote the release of large amounts of TAAs and exposure of calreticulin on the cell surface via immunogenic cell death through the combined effect of excess zinc ions and photodynamic therapy (PDT). With these properties, CZIs potentiate antitumor immunity and inhibit tumor growth as well as lung metastasis in CT26 tumor-bearing mice. This nanoplatform may suggest an alternative therapeutic strategy to overcoming the limitations of existing cancer vaccines and may broaden the application of nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejun Shin
- Center for Photomedicine, Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Na
- Center for Photomedicine, Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi do 14662, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi do 14662, Republic of Korea
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34
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Chocarro de Erauso L, Zuazo M, Arasanz H, Bocanegra A, Hernandez C, Fernandez G, Garcia-Granda MJ, Blanco E, Vera R, Kochan G, Escors D. Resistance to PD-L1/PD-1 Blockade Immunotherapy. A Tumor-Intrinsic or Tumor-Extrinsic Phenomenon? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:441. [PMID: 32317979 PMCID: PMC7154133 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoints such as programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand programmed cell-death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), are revolutionizing cancer treatment and transforming the practice of medical oncology. However, despite all the recent successes of this type of immunotherapies, most patients are still refractory and present either intrinsic resistance or acquired resistance. Either way, this is a major clinical problem and one of the most significant challenges in oncology. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers to predict clinical responses or for patient stratification by probability of response has become a clinical necessity. However, the mechanisms leading to PD-L1/PD-1 blockade resistance are still poorly understood. A deeper understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying resistance to cancer immunotherapies will provide insight for further development of novel strategies designed to overcome resistance and treatment failure. Here we discuss some of the major molecular mechanisms of resistance to PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade and argue whether tumor intrinsic or extrinsic factors constitute main determinants of response and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miren Zuazo
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-UPNA, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-UPNA, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra CHN-IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Bocanegra
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-UPNA, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Hernandez
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-UPNA, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Fernandez
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-UPNA, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra CHN-IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ester Blanco
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-UPNA, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruth Vera
- Department of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra CHN-IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-UPNA, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - David Escors
- Oncoimmunology Group, Navarrabiomed-UPNA, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
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35
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Liposomal TLR9 Agonist Combined with TLR2 Agonist-Fused Antigen Can Modulate Tumor Microenvironment through Dendritic Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040810. [PMID: 32231003 PMCID: PMC7225995 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells involved in T cell activation and differentiation to regulate immune responses. Lipoimmunogens can be developed as pharmaceutical lipoproteins for cancer immunotherapy to target DCs via toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling. Previously, we constructed a lipoimmunogen, a lipidated human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 inactive mutant (rlipoE7m), to inhibit the growth of HPV16 E7-expressing tumor cells in a murine model. Moreover, this antitumor effect could be enhanced by a combinatory treatment with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN). To improve safety, we developed a rlipoE7m plus DOTAP liposome-encapsulated native phosphodiester CpG (POCpG/DOTAP) treatment to target DCs to enhance antitumor immunity. We optimized the formulation of rlipoE7m and POCpG/DOTAP liposomes to promote conventional DC and plasmacytoid DC maturation in vitro and in vivo. Combination of rlipoE7m plus POCpG/DOTAP could activate conventional DCs and plasmacytoid DCs to augment IL-12 production to promote antitumor responses by intravenous injection. In addition, the combination of rlipoE7m plus POCpG/DOTAP could elicit robust cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by intravenous immunization. Interestingly, the combination of rlipoE7m plus POCpG/DOTAP could efficiently inhibit tumor growth via intravenous immunization. Moreover, rlipoE7m plus POCpG/DOTAP combined reduced the number of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells dramatically due to downregulation of IL-10 production by DCs. These results showed that the combination of rlipoE7m plus POCpG/DOTAP could target DCs via intravenous delivery to enhance antitumor immunity and reduce the number of immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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36
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Law AMK, Valdes-Mora F, Gallego-Ortega D. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as a Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030561. [PMID: 32121014 PMCID: PMC7140518 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of immunotherapy has been an astounding breakthrough in cancer treatments. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4, have shown remarkable therapeutic outcomes. However, response rates from immunotherapy have been reported to be varied, with some having pronounced success and others with minimal to no clinical benefit. An important aspect associated with this discrepancy in patient response is the immune-suppressive effects elicited by the tumour microenvironment (TME). Immune suppression plays a pivotal role in regulating cancer progression, metastasis, and reducing immunotherapy success. Most notably, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells, have potent mechanisms to inhibit T-cell and NK-cell activity to promote tumour growth, development of the pre-metastatic niche, and contribute to resistance to immunotherapy. Accumulating research indicates that MDSC can be a therapeutic target to alleviate their pro-tumourigenic functions and immunosuppressive activities to bolster the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we provide an overview of the general immunotherapeutic approaches and discuss the characterisation, expansion, and activities of MDSCs with the current treatments used to target them either as a single therapeutic target or synergistically in combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. K. Law
- Tumour Development Group, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.M.K.L.); (F.V.-M.); (D.G.-O.); Tel.: +61-(0)2-9355-5894 (A.M.K.L); +61-(0)2-9385-0143 (F.V.-M); +61-(0)2-9355-5776 (D.G.-O)
| | - Fatima Valdes-Mora
- Histone Variants Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.M.K.L.); (F.V.-M.); (D.G.-O.); Tel.: +61-(0)2-9355-5894 (A.M.K.L); +61-(0)2-9385-0143 (F.V.-M); +61-(0)2-9355-5776 (D.G.-O)
| | - David Gallego-Ortega
- Tumour Development Group, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.M.K.L.); (F.V.-M.); (D.G.-O.); Tel.: +61-(0)2-9355-5894 (A.M.K.L); +61-(0)2-9385-0143 (F.V.-M); +61-(0)2-9355-5776 (D.G.-O)
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37
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Patel S, Alam A, Pant R, Chattopadhyay S. Wnt Signaling and Its Significance Within the Tumor Microenvironment: Novel Therapeutic Insights. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2872. [PMID: 31921137 PMCID: PMC6927425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is one of the central mechanisms regulating tissue morphogenesis during embryogenesis and repair. The pivot of this signaling cascade is the Wnt ligand, which binds to receptors belonging to the Frizzled family or the ROR1/ROR2 and RYK family. This interaction governs the downstream signaling cascade (canonical/non-canonical), ultimately extending its effect on the cellular cytoskeleton, transcriptional control of proliferation and differentiation, and organelle dynamics. Anomalous Wnt signaling has been associated with several cancers, the most prominent ones being colorectal, breast, lung, oral, cervical, and hematopoietic malignancies. It extends its effect on tumorigenesis by modulating the tumor microenvironment via fine crosstalk between transformed cells and infiltrating immune cells, such as leukocytes. This review is an attempt to highlight the latest developments in the understanding of Wnt signaling in the context of tumors and their microenvironment. A dynamic process known as immunoediting governs the fate of tumor progression based on the correlation of various signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment and immune cells. Cancer cells also undergo a series of mutations in the tumor suppressor gene, which favors tumorigenesis. Wnt signaling, and its crosstalk with various immune cells, has both negative as well as positive effects on tumor progression. On one hand, it helps in the maintenance and renewal of the leucocytes. On the other hand, it promotes immune tolerance, limiting the antitumor response. Wnt signaling also plays a role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), thereby promoting the maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). Furthermore, we have summarized the ongoing strategies used to target aberrant Wnt signaling as a novel therapeutic intervention to combat various cancers and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Patel
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Richa Pant
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.,Department of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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38
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Joshi A, Tandel N, Tyagi P, Dalai SK, Bisen PS, Tyagi RK. RNA-loaded dendritic cells: more than a tour de force in cancer therapeutics. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:1129-1147. [PMID: 31390917 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide array of therapeutic strategies has been implemented against cancers, yet their clinical benefit is limited. The lack of clinical efficacy of the conventional treatment options might be due to the inept immune competency of the patients. Dendritic cells (DCs) have a vital role in initiating and directing immune responses and have been frequently used as delivery vehicles in clinical research. The recent clinical data suggest the potential use of DCs pulsed with nucleic acid, especially with RNA holds a great potential as an immunotherapeutic measure with compare to other cancer therapeutics. This review mainly deals with the DCs and their role in transfection with RNA in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Joshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, SG Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Nikunj Tandel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, SG Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyanka Tyagi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, India
| | - Sarat K Dalai
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, SG Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Prakash S Bisen
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474001, India
| | - Rajeev K Tyagi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Milberg O, Gong C, Jafarnejad M, Bartelink IH, Wang B, Vicini P, Narwal R, Roskos L, Popel AS. A QSP Model for Predicting Clinical Responses to Monotherapy, Combination and Sequential Therapy Following CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 Checkpoint Blockade. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11286. [PMID: 31375756 PMCID: PMC6677731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, several immunotherapies have been approved for the treatment of melanoma. The most prominent of these are the immune checkpoint inhibitors, which are antibodies that block the inhibitory effects on the immune system by checkpoint receptors, such as CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1. Preclinically, blocking these receptors has led to increased activation and proliferation of effector cells following stimulation and antigen recognition, and subsequently, more effective elimination of cancer cells. Translation from preclinical to clinical outcomes in solid tumors has shown the existence of a wide diversity of individual patient responses, linked to several patient-specific parameters. We developed a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model that looks at the mentioned checkpoint blockade therapies administered as mono-, combo- and sequential therapies, to show how different combinations of specific patient parameters defined within physiological ranges distinguish different types of virtual patient responders to these therapies for melanoma. Further validation by fitting and subsequent simulations of virtual clinical trials mimicking actual patient trials demonstrated that the model can capture a wide variety of tumor dynamics that are observed in the clinic and can predict median clinical responses. Our aim here is to present a QSP model for combination immunotherapy specific to melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Milberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Chang Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohammad Jafarnejad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Imke H Bartelink
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics and DMPK (CPD), MedImmune, South San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bing Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics and DMPK (CPD), MedImmune, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paolo Vicini
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics and DMPK, MedImmune, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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40
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Düchler M, Czernek L, Peczek L, Cypryk W, Sztiller-Sikorska M, Czyz M. Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Bear the Potential for the Induction of Antigen-Specific Tolerance. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070665. [PMID: 31269655 PMCID: PMC6679195 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer-induced immunosuppression is antigen-specific rather than systemic and the mechanisms for the antigen specificity are incompletely understood. Here we explore the option that tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) may be transferred to antigen-presenting cells (APCs), together with immunosuppressive molecules, through cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), such as exosomes. Stimulation of a suppressive phenotype in the very same APCs that take up TAAs may yield antigen-specific tolerance. Methods: sEVs isolated from patient-derived or well-established melanoma cell lines were used to demonstrate the transfer of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to the surface of APCs. The immunosuppressive influence of sEVs was assessed by flow cytometry analysis of activation markers, cytokine expression, and mixed lymphocyte reactions. Results: MHC class I molecules were transferred from melanoma cells to the cell surface of APCs by sEVs. Concomitantly, CD86 and CD40 co-stimulatory molecules were down-regulated and IL-6 production was strongly induced. TGF-β transported by sEVs contributed to the promotion of a suppressive phenotype of APCs. Conclusion: The presented results indicate the existence of a hitherto undescribed mechanism that offers an explanation for antigen-specific tolerance induction mediated by cancer-derived sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Düchler
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Street, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Liliana Czernek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Street, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Peczek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Street, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Cypryk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Street, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Sztiller-Sikorska
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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41
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Tanna JG, Ulrey R, Williams KM, Hanley PJ. Critical testing and parameters for consideration when manufacturing and evaluating tumor-associated antigen-specific T cells. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:278-288. [PMID: 30929992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past year has seen remarkable translation of cellular and gene therapies, with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of three chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell products, multiple gene therapy products, and the initiation of countless other pivotal clinical trials. What makes these new drugs most remarkable is their path to commercialization: they have unique requirements compared with traditional pharmaceutical drugs and require different potency assays, critical quality attributes and parameters, pharmacological and toxicological data, and in vivo efficacy testing. What's more, each biologic requires its own unique set of tests and parameters. Here we describe the unique tests associated with ex vivo-expanded tumor-associated antigen T cells (TAA-T). These tests include functional assays to determine potency, specificity, and identity; tests for pathogenic contaminants, such as bacteria and fungus as well as other contaminants such as Mycoplasma and endotoxin; tests for product characterization, tests to evaluate T-cell persistence and product efficacy; and finally, recommendations for critical quality attributes and parameters associated with the expansion of TAA-Ts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay G Tanna
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Center for Cancer and Immunology Research
| | - Robert Ulrey
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Center for Cancer and Immunology Research
| | - Kirsten M Williams
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Center for Cancer and Immunology Research; Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, and the Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation; Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patrick J Hanley
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Center for Cancer and Immunology Research; Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, and the Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation; Children's National Health System and The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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42
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Li Y, Zhao C, Liu J, Lu Z, Lu M, Gu J, Liu R. CD1d highly expressed on DCs reduces lung tumor burden by enhancing antitumor immunity. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2679-2688. [PMID: 30864713 PMCID: PMC6448128 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), as professional antigen-presenting cells are essential for the initial activation of adaptive antitumor immunity. CD1d is considered to present phospholipid and glycosphingolipid antigens to NKT cells. However, it is currently unknown whether CD1d expression on DCs is capable of enhancing antitumor immunity, particularly T-cell related immunity. We observed that CD1d was predominantly expressed on DCs in 3LL tumor-bearing mice, whilst a deficiency of CD1d promoted tumor growth. Notably, CD1d expression on DCs was not only required for presenting antigen to NKT cells, but also markedly promoted CD4+T and CD8+T cell activation, particularly cytotoxic T cells. All the T cells (NKT, CD4+T and CD8+T cells) upregulated CD69, CD107a and IFN-γ after the adoptive transfer of CD1d-positive DCs (CD1d+DCs) and tumor growth was suppressed. With regard to the mechanism, we revealed that CD1d+DCs were concomitant with a higher expression of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86) and MHCI/II, which are essential for DCs to present antigens to T cells. Consistently, CD1d+DCs displayed stronger activation-associated-ERK1/2 and NF-κB signals; whereas JAK2-STAT3/6 signaling was required for maintaining a high level of CD1d on DCs. In lung cancer patients, the antitumor activities of all the T cells were enhanced with the increase of CD1d+DCs. Analysis of TCGA data revealed that high levels of CD1d indicated better outcomes for patients. Collectively, CD1d enhanced DC-based antitumor immunity, not only by targeting NKT, but also by activating CD4+T and CD8+T cells. CD1d+DCs may be superior to the bulk population of DCs in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chujun Zhao
- Northfield Mount Hermon School, Northfield, MA 01354, USA
| | - Jiajing Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Mingfang Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Alekseenko IV, Monastyrskaya GS, Sverdlov ED. Emerging Potential of Cancer Therapy—Binary Direct Interactions of Cancer and Stromal Cells. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418120025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Escors D, Gato-Cañas M, Zuazo M, Arasanz H, García-Granda MJ, Vera R, Kochan G. The intracellular signalosome of PD-L1 in cancer cells. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:26. [PMID: 30275987 PMCID: PMC6160488 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) overexpression in cancer cells accelerates tumor progression. PD-L1 possesses two main pro-oncogenic functions. First, PD-L1 is a strong immunosuppressive molecule that inactivates tumor-specific T cells by binding to the inhibitory receptor PD-1. Second, PD-L1 function relies on the delivery of intrinsic intracellular signals that enhance cancer cell survival, regulate stress responses and confer resistance toward pro-apoptotic stimuli, such as interferons. Here, we review the current knowledge on intracellular signal transduction pathways regulated by PD-L1, describe its associated signalosome and discuss potential combinations of targeted therapies against the signalosome with PD-L1/PD-1 blockade therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Escors
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdISNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
- Rayne Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, 5 University Street, WC1E 6JF London, UK
| | - María Gato-Cañas
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdISNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Miren Zuazo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdISNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Hugo Arasanz
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdISNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
- Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdISNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - María Jesus García-Granda
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdISNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Ruth Vera
- Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdISNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdISNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra Spain
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Bandola-Simon J, Roche PA. Dysfunction of antigen processing and presentation by dendritic cells in cancer. Mol Immunol 2018; 113:31-37. [PMID: 29628265 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability to mount an effective anti-tumor immune response requires coordinate control of CD4 T cell and CD8 T cell function by antigen presenting cells (APCs). Unfortunately, tumors create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that helps protect tumor cells from immune recognition. In many cases this defect can be traced back to a failure of APCs (most importantly dendritic cells (DCs)) to recognize, process, and present tumor antigens to T cells. In this review, we will summarize work addressing the role of different DC subsets in anti-tumor immunity and the various mechanisms used by tumor cells to suppress the ability of APCs to stimulate potent anti-tumor T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bandola-Simon
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Paul A Roche
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
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Jiang L, Yu Z, Lin Y, Cui L, Yao S, Lv L, Liu J. Low-molecular-weight polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murrill modulate the Th1 response in cancer immunity. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3429-3436. [PMID: 29467867 PMCID: PMC5796377 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the effect of low-molecular-weight polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABP-AW1) as an immunoadjuvant therapy for type 1 T-helper (Th1) responses in tumorigenesis, C57BL/6 mice were inoculated subcutaneously with ovalbumin (E.G7-OVA). After 3, 10 and 17 days, the mice were immunized with PBS, OVA alone, or OVA and ABP-AW1, at low (50 µg), intermediate (100 µg) or high (200 µg) doses. Tumor growth was examined and compared among the groups, as were the following parameters: Splenocyte viability/proliferation, peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio, serum OVA-specific IgG1 and IgG2b, secretion of interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ, and IFN-γ production on a single cell level from cultured splenocytes. Tumor growth in mice treated with OVA and ABP-AW1 (100 or 200 µg) was significantly slower, compared with in the other groups at the same time-points. OVA with 100 or 200 µg ABP-AW1 was associated with a higher number of total splenocytes, a higher ratio of peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocytes, higher serum levels of OVA-specific Th1-type antibody IgG2b and greater secretion of the Th1 cytokines IL-1 and IFN-γ from splenocytes. ABP-AW1 is a promising immunoadjuvant therapy candidate, due to its ability to boost the Th1 immune response when co-administered with a cancer vaccine intended to inhibit cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Zhipu Yu
- Department of Medical Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Liran Cui
- Department of Medical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161041, P.R. China
| | - Shujuan Yao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Liyan Lv
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Jicheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
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Dhanda SK, Usmani SS, Agrawal P, Nagpal G, Gautam A, Raghava GPS. Novel in silico tools for designing peptide-based subunit vaccines and immunotherapeutics. Brief Bioinform 2017; 18:467-478. [PMID: 27016393 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbw025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional approach for designing vaccine against a particular disease involves stimulation of the immune system using the whole pathogen responsible for the disease. In the post-genomic era, a major challenge is to identify antigenic regions or epitopes that can stimulate different arms of the immune system. In the past two decades, numerous methods and databases have been developed for designing vaccine or immunotherapy against various pathogen-causing diseases. This review describes various computational resources important for designing subunit vaccines or epitope-based immunotherapy. First, different immunological databases are described that maintain epitopes, antigens and vaccine targets. This is followed by in silico tools used for predicting linear and conformational B-cell epitopes required for activating humoral immunity. Finally, information on T-cell epitope prediction methods is provided that includes indirect methods like prediction of Major Histocompatibility Complex and transporter-associated protein binders. Different studies for validating the predicted epitopes are also examined critically. This review enlists novel in silico resources and tools available for predicting humoral and cell-mediated immune potential. These predicted epitopes could be used for designing epitope-based vaccines or immunotherapy as they may activate the adaptive immunity. Authors emphasized the need to develop tools for the prediction of adjuvants to activate innate and adaptive immune system simultaneously. In addition, attention has also been given to novel prediction methods to predict general therapeutic properties of peptides like half-life, cytotoxicity and immune toxicity.
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Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) downregulate antigen-presenting MHC class I molecules limiting tumor cell recognition by T cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187314. [PMID: 29155844 PMCID: PMC5695785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cancers are known to downregulate Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I expression thereby escaping recognition and rejection by anti-tumor T cells. Here we report that oxygen tension in the tumor microenvironment (TME) serves as an extrinsic cue that regulates antigen presentation by MHC class I molecules. In support of this view, hypoxia is shown to negatively regulate MHC expression in a HIF-dependent manner as evidenced by (i) lower MHC expression in the hypoxic TME in vivo and in hypoxic 3-dimensional (3D) but not 2-dimensional (2D) tumor cell cultures in vitro; (ii) decreased MHC in human renal cell carcinomas with constitutive expression of HIF due to genetic loss of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) function as compared with isogenically paired cells with restored VHL function, and iii) increased MHC in tumor cells with siRNA-mediated knockdown of HIF. In addition, hypoxia downregulated antigen presenting proteins like TAP 1/2 and LMP7 that are known to have a dominant role in surface display of peptide-MHC complexes. Corroborating oxygen-dependent regulation of MHC antigen presentation, hyperoxia (60% oxygen) transcriptionally upregulated MHC expression and increased levels of TAP2, LMP2 and 7. In conclusion, this study reveals a novel mechanism by which intra-tumoral hypoxia and HIF can potentiate immune escape. It also suggests the use of hyperoxia to improve tumor cell-based cancer vaccines and for mining novel immune epitopes. Furthermore, this study highlights the advantage of 3D cell cultures in reproducing hypoxia-dependent changes observed in the TME.
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Interferon regulatory factor 1 priming of tumour-derived exosomes enhances the antitumour immune response. Br J Cancer 2017; 118:62-71. [PMID: 29112686 PMCID: PMC5765230 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumour-derived exosomes (TEXs) have a potential for application in cancer vaccines. Whether TEXs after induction by interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) are capable of enhancing the antitumour response remains to be determined. Methods: Exosomes released by tumour cells infected with IRF-1-expressing adenovirus (IRF-1-Exo) or treated with interferon-γ (IFN-Exo) were isolated via ultracentrifugation. The IRF-1 target proteins IL-15Rα and MHC class I (MHC-I) were analysed by western blot. Exosomes along with CpG adjuvant were injected into tumour models to assess the antitumour effects. Tumours were harvested for immunofluorescence staining. Splenocytes from tumour-bearing mice were co-cultured with tumour cells. The IFNγ-positive and granzyme B-positive CD8α+ splenocyte cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Results: The IRF-1-Exo or IFN-Exo displayed increased IL-15Rα and MHC-I expression. Injection of IRF-1-Exo or IFN-Exo combined with CpG had improved antitumour effects in mice. This effect may be a result of increased infiltration of tumours by CD4+ and CD8α+ T cells. Antibody-mediated depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells abrogated the antitumour effects. Splenocytes isolated from CpG+IRF-1-Exo-injected Hepa 1–6 tumour mice had increased IFNγ-positive and granzyme B-positive CD8+ cells after co-culturing with Hepa 1–6 cells as compared with MC38 cells. Conclusions: The IRF-1 priming of TEXs enhances antitumour immune response.
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50
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Gulley JL, Madan RA, Pachynski R, Mulders P, Sheikh NA, Trager J, Drake CG. Role of Antigen Spread and Distinctive Characteristics of Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:2982600. [PMID: 28376158 PMCID: PMC5441294 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is an important breakthrough in cancer. US Food and Drug Administration-approved immunotherapies for cancer treatment (including, but not limited to, sipuleucel-T, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab) substantially improve overall survival across multiple malignancies. One mechanism of action of these treatments is to induce an immune response against antigen-bearing tumor cells; the resultant cell death releases secondary (nontargeted) tumor antigens. Secondary antigens prime subsequent immune responses (antigen spread). Immunotherapy-induced antigen spread has been shown in clinical studies. For example, in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients, sipuleucel-T induced early immune responses to the immunizing antigen (PA2024) and/or the target antigen (prostatic acid phosphatase). Thereafter, most patients developed increased antibody responses to numerous secondary proteins, several of which are expressed in prostate cancer with functional relevance in cancer. The ipilimumab-induced antibody profile in melanoma patients shows that antigen spread also occurs with immune checkpoint blockade. In contrast to chemotherapy, immunotherapy often does not result in short-term changes in conventional disease progression end points (eg, progression-free survival, tumor size), which may be explained, in part, by the time taken for antigen spread to occur. Thus, immune-related response criteria need to be identified to better monitor the effectiveness of immunotherapy. As immunotherapy antitumor effects take time to evolve, immunotherapy in patients with less advanced cancer may have greater clinical benefit vs those with more advanced disease. This concept is supported by prostate cancer clinical studies with sipuleucel-T, PSA-TRICOM, and ipilimumab. We discuss antigen spread with cancer immunotherapy and its implications for clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Gulley
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Peter Mulders
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Charles G Drake
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and The Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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