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Lopes C, Cristóvão J, Silvério V, Lino PR, Fonte P. Microfluidic production of mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles for vaccine applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1381-1395. [PMID: 36223174 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2135502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During past years, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as promising carriers for RNA delivery, with several clinical trials focusing on both infectious diseases and cancer. More recently, the success of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines for the treatment of severe diseases such as acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is partially justified by the development of LNPs encapsulating mRNA for efficient cytosolic delivery. AREAS COVERED This review examines the production and formulation of LNPs by using microfluidic devices, the status of mRNA-loaded LNPs therapeutics and explores spray drying process, as a promising dehydration process to enhance LNP stability and provide alternative administration routes. EXPERT OPINION Microfluidic techniques for preparation of LNPs based on organic solvent injection method promotes the generation of stable, uniform, and monodispersed nanoparticles enabling higher encapsulation efficiency. In particular, the application of microfluidics for the fabrication of mRNA-loaded LNPs is based on rapid mixing of small volumes of ethanol solution containing lipids and aqueous solution containing mRNA. Control of operating parameters and formulation has enabled the optimization of nanoparticle physicochemical characteristics and encapsulation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Lopes
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.,Hovione Farmaciência S.A., R&D Analytical Development, Lumiar Campus, Building R,1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal.,Hovione Farmaciência S.A., R&D Inhalation and Advance Drug Delivery, Lumiar Campus, Building R, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Cristóvão
- Hovione Farmaciência S.A., R&D Inhalation and Advance Drug Delivery, Lumiar Campus, Building R, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vânia Silvério
- Institute of Systems and Computer Engineering for Microsystems and Nanotechnologies, INESC MN, 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Physics, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Roque Lino
- Hovione Farmaciência S.A., R&D Inhalation and Advance Drug Delivery, Lumiar Campus, Building R, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fonte
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.,Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Malik Z, Parveen R, Abass S, Irfan Dar M, Husain SA, Ahmad S. Receptor-Mediated Targeting in Breast Cancer through Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Its Mechanism. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:800-817. [PMID: 35430962 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220416213639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have gained prominence in many areas and domains worldwide, such as metallic NP, carbon dots, quantum dots, polymeric NP, nano-suspension, nanocrystals, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), etc. and have been applied in the field of medicine as nanomedicine with promising results. Rise in cancer mortality rate has been an issue for a long time with female breast cancer as one of the most detected cancers. No permanent treatment has been developed till date could combat breast cancer with minimum side effects that are not long-lasting as there is no proper technique through which the anticancer drugs can recognize benign or malignant or normal cells that causes systematic toxicity. Advancement in technology has led to the discovery of many biological pathways and mechanisms. Tumor cells or cancer cells overexpress some high-affinity receptors that can be targeted to deliver the anticancer drugs at specific site using these pathways and mechanisms. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are among some of the excellent drug delivery systems, especially stealth SLN (sSLN). SLN, when conjugated with a ligand (called as sSLN), has affinity and specificity towards a specific receptor, and can deliver the drug in breast cancer cells overexpressing the receptors. Using this technique, various investigations have reported better anti-breast cancer activity than simple SLN (non-conjugated to ligand or no receptor targeting). This review includes the investigations and data on receptor-mediated targeting in breast cancer from 2010 to 2021 by searching different databases. Overall, information on SLN in different cancers is reviewed. In vivo investigations, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and stability are discussed to describe the efficacy of sSLN. Investigations included in this review demonstrate that sSLN delivers the drug by overcoming the biological barriers and shows enhanced and better activity than non-conjugated SLN which also verifies that a lesser concentration of drug can show anti-breast cancer activity. The efficacy of medicines could be increased with lower cancer deaths through stealth-SLN. Due to the low cost of synthesis, biocompatibility and easy to formulate, more study is needed in vitro and in vivo so that this novel technique could be utilized in the treatment of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Malik
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India.,Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India.,Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Sageer Abass
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India.,Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan Dar
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India.,Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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Dhiman N, Awasthi R, Sharma B, Kharkwal H, Kulkarni GT. Lipid Nanoparticles as Carriers for Bioactive Delivery. Front Chem 2021; 9:580118. [PMID: 33981670 PMCID: PMC8107723 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.580118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has made a great impact on the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, food, and cosmetics industries. More than 40% of the approved drugs are lipophilic and have poor solubility. This is the major rate-limiting step that influences the release profile and bioavailability of drugs. Several approaches have been reported to administer lipophilic drugs with improved solubility and bioavailability. Nanotechnology plays a crucial role in the targeted delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems can be classified as solid lipid nanoparticulate drug delivery systems, emulsion-based nanodrug delivery systems, vesicular drug delivery systems, etc. Nanotechnology presents a new frontier in research and development to conquer the limitations coupled with the conventional drug delivery systems through the formation of specific functionalized particles. This review presents a bird's eye view on various aspects of lipid nanoparticles as carriers of bioactive molecules that is, synthesis, characterization, advantage, disadvantage, toxicity, and application in the medical field. Update on recent development in terms of patents and clinical trials of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructure lipid carriers (NLCs) have also been discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerupma Dhiman
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Harsha Kharkwal
- Amity Institute of Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
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Kumar P, Liu B, Behl G. A Comprehensive Outlook of Synthetic Strategies and Applications of Redox‐Responsive Nanogels in Drug Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900071. [PMID: 31298803 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials School of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShandong University of Technology Xincun West Road 266 Zibo 255000 China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials School of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShandong University of Technology Xincun West Road 266 Zibo 255000 China
| | - Gautam Behl
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research CentreDepartment of ScienceWaterford Institute of Technology Cork Road Waterford X91K0EK Republic of Ireland
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Surface modification of lipid-based nanocarriers for cancer cell-specific drug targeting. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Preclinical safety of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: Current evidence from in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 108:235-252. [PMID: 27519829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were designed as exceptionally safe colloidal carriers for the delivery of poorly soluble drugs. SLN/NLC have the particularity of being composed of excipientsalready approved for use in medicines for human use, which offers a great advantage over any other nanoparticulate system developed from novel materials. Despite this fact, any use of excipients in new route of administration or in new dosage form requires evidence of safety. After 25 years of research on SLN and NLC, enough evidence on their preclinical safety has been published. In the present work, published data on in vitro and in vivo compatibility of SLN/NLC have been surveyed, in order to provide evidence of high biocompatibility distinguished by intended administration route. We also identified critical factors and possible weak points in SLN/NLC formulations, such as the effect of surfactants on the cell viability in vitro, which should be considered for further development.
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Zhu R, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Zhang H, Wu B, Wu X, Wang S. pH sensitive nano layered double hydroxides reduce the hematotoxicity and enhance the anticancer efficacy of etoposide on non-small cell lung cancer. Acta Biomater 2016; 29:320-332. [PMID: 26485164 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Etoposide (VP16), used for the treatment of many carcinomas, can cause leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and hair loss. To overcome the side effects and achieve target therapy, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), a pH sensitive layered double hydroxide nanohybrid, was used here as a nano-carrier. The functions of LDHs-VP16 on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were firstly explored both in vitro and in vivo. In A549 cell line, LDH-VP16 induced apoptosis 2.3-fold as that of plain VP16 by targeting to mitochondrial, stocking cells in G1 phase. The cellular uptake demonstrated the delivery of LDH for VP16 to pass through the membrane and accumulate in mitochondria. As a carrier, LDH greatly decreased the liver toxicity and hematotoxicity of VP16. The detected liver parameters, including glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), were all turn back to normal range after the delivery of LDH, except ALP. In vivo, LDH-VP16 reduced A549 tumor growth significantly by 60.5%, whereas native VP16 exerted no significant anticancer activity. In LDH-VP16 treated mice, the AUC was increased by 6.26 folds as the native drug, and t1/2 of LDH-VP16 was prolonged from 6.68 to 98.78h. LDH-VP16 showed a targeting effect, which largely increase the concentration in tumor and lung. The phosphorylation antibody array and Western Blot of proteins from xenografts revealed that PI3K-AKT signaling was suppressed in the LDH-VP16 treated tumor, while in VP16 treated mice, ERBB signaling pathway was involved. These results suggested that LDH-VP16 diminishes hematotoxicity, targets NSCLC tumor, performs more effectively than VP16, and different signaling pathway is involved compared to VP16. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This paper explored that nano-sized layered double hydroxide (LDH) could be used as a pH sensitive delivery system to overcome hematotoxicity and enhance the bioavailability and anticancer efficacy of etoposide (VP16) against non small cell lung cancer, which was not reported before, as the best of our knowledge. We found that the liver and hematotoxicity is nearly recovered after the loading of VP16 in pH sensitive LDH, which prongs the half time from 6.68h to 98h, helps target VP16 to tumor and lung, and protects white blood cells by its pH sensitive and nano-size property. LDH-VP16 achieve markedly performance on non-small cell lung cancer by targeting to mitochondria of A549 cells in vitro and effectively inhibiting the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in vivo. The inhibition ratio of VP16 on A549 tumor growth is increased from less than 20% (no significance compared to control) to 60.5% after the delivery of LDH. This work provides a novel system for the safe and efficient use of etoposide on non-small cell lung cancer and explores the mechanism of the function of nano carrier in cancer therapy both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhu
- Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingxiu Wang
- Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjing Zhu
- Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoqi Wang
- Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianzheng Wu
- Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shilong Wang
- Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Liang J, Cheng L, Struckhoff JJ, Ravi N. Investigating triazine-based modification of hyaluronan using statistical designs. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 132:472-80. [PMID: 26256372 PMCID: PMC5787032 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) and its derivatives have been extensively researched for many biomedical applications. To precisely tailor the property of HA by derivatizing it to a pre-determined extent is challenging, yet critical. In this paper, we used 2-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (CDMT) and N-methylmorpholine (NMM) to derivatize HA via a triazine-based coupling reaction. Using a fractional factorial (FF) design, we observed that water content in the solvent, and molar ratios of CDMT and NaHCO3 to the carboxylate were the significant factors controlling the derivatization. We investigated how the effect of each factor changes as reaction conditions change. Moreover, by altering the amount of CDMT and NaHCO3, we developed a cubic regression model for precise control of the extent of derivatization using a response surface methodology (RSM) with a D-optimal design. No spurious peaks were detected by (1)H NMR spectrum and only 10% decrease of molecular weight of the derivatized HA was determined by GPC. The HA with 6% modification was relatively biocompatible up to 15 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Liang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lulu Cheng
- Statistics Technology Center, Monsanto Company, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jessica J Struckhoff
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nathan Ravi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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