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Bui AV, Pham TV, Nguyen KN, Nguyen NT, Huynh KD, Dang V, Ruml T, Truong D. Chemical compositions and biological activities of Serevenia buxifolia essential oil leaves cultivated in Vietnam (Thua Thien Hue). Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4060-4072. [PMID: 37457193 PMCID: PMC10345695 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serevenia buxifolia is an evergreen citrus plant and has attracted considerable attention due to its bioactive components and biological activities. In the present study, the essential oil (EO) from S. buxifolia cultivated in Vietnam was demonstrated to exhibit the in vitro antioxidant, thrombolytic, anti-hemolysis, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. Briefly, the gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the leaf EO of S. buxifolia was composed of 33 components, with the main constituents being β-carypphyllene (32.5%), and elixene (9.8%). The extracted oil possessed a fairly high free radical scavenging activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), with an IC50 value of 190.7 μg/mL compared with positive control, α-tocopherol, IC50 value of 42.6 μg/mL. The EO also exhibited thrombolytic activity: the percentage of inhibition was found to be 70.75% at 100 μL, in comparison with 87.2% for the positive control, streptokinase. For hemolytic activity, the percentage of inhibition of the EO was from 27.4% to 59.6% at concentrations from 10 to 100 μg/mL, respectively. The results of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity indicated that the EO of S. buxifolia leaves effectively protects the heat-induced denaturation, with an IC50 value of 40.25 μg/mL. The EO also exhibited antidiabetic potential, with IC50 values of 87.8 and 134.9 μg/mL against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. It is noteworthy that the potent biological activities of the obtained S. buxifolia oil increased in a dose-dependent manner. The results achieved show that the EO of S. buxifolia leaves can be a potential source for oxidative stress, inflammatory, and diabetic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Vo Bui
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Thanh Vy Pham
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Kim Ngan Nguyen
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Nhat Tan Nguyen
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Khanh Duy Huynh
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Van‐Son Dang
- Institute of Tropical BiologyVietnam Academy Science and TechnologyHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Tomas Ruml
- Faculty of Food and Biochemical TechnologyUniversity of Chemistry and TechnologyPragueCzech Republic
| | - Dieu‐Hien Truong
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
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Huang S, Huang H, Xie J, Wang F, Fan S, Yang M, Zheng C, Han L, Zhang D. The latest research progress on the prevention of storage pests by natural products: Species, mechanisms, and sources of inspiration. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Oladeji OS, Oluyori AP, Dada AO. Genus Morinda: An insight to its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and Industrial Applications. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
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Padilla-Camberos E, Sanchez-Hernandez IM, Torres-Gonzalez OR, Gallegos-Ortiz MDR, Méndez-Mona AL, Baez-Moratilla P, Flores-Fernandez JM. Natural essential oil mix of sweet orange peel, cumin, and allspice elicits anti-inflammatory activity and pharmacological safety similar to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3830-3837. [PMID: 35844370 PMCID: PMC9280317 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An inflammation response occurs when the body reacts to exogenous and endo enous noxious stimuli, and it helps the body respond to infection and repair tissues, adapt to stress, and remove dead or damaged cells. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are traditionally used to treat inflammation; however, these drugs often cause negative side effects. For this reason, developing and establishing effective alternative medicines for treating many chronic diseases with underlying inflammation is critically dependent on the identification of new organic molecules and bioactive substances. Aromatic and volatile compounds found in essential oils isolated from Pimenta dioica (allspice), Cuminum cyminum (cumin), and Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) are a source of bioactive compounds. Allspice essential oil reduces ear inflammation more than 65% and the anti-inflammatory activity of allspice essential oil is enhanced when combined with sweet orange peel and cumin essential oils, resulting in the reduction of edema inflammation by more than 85%, similar to indomethacin. As an alternative to anti-inflammatory treatment, essential oil mix is pharmacologically safe as it is neither toxic nor mutagenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Padilla-Camberos
- Unit of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, Mexico
| | - Ivan Moises Sanchez-Hernandez
- Unit of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, Mexico
| | - Omar Ricardo Torres-Gonzalez
- Unit of Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Jalisco 44270, Mexico
| | - Maria del Rosario Gallegos-Ortiz
- Division of Engineering in Food Industries, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Villa Guerrero, La Finca, State of Mexico 61763, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Méndez-Mona
- Department of Research and Innovation, Universidad Tecnológica de Oriental, Oriental, Puebla 75020, Mexico
| | - Pedro Baez-Moratilla
- Department of Research and Innovation, Universidad Tecnológica de Oriental, Oriental, Puebla 75020, Mexico
| | - Jose Miguel Flores-Fernandez
- Department of Research and Innovation, Universidad Tecnológica de Oriental, Oriental, Puebla 75020, Mexico
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, 204 Brain and Aging Research Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biochemistry & Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, 204 Brain and Aging Research Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; Department of Research and Innovation, Universidad Tecnologica de Oriental, Oriental, Puebla 75020, Mexico.
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Kwofie SK, Broni E, Yunus FU, Nsoh J, Adoboe D, Miller WA, Wilson MD. Molecular Docking Simulation Studies Identifies Potential Natural Product Derived-Antiwolbachial Compounds as Filaricides against Onchocerciasis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111682. [PMID: 34829911 PMCID: PMC8615632 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Onchocerciasis is the leading cause of blindness and severe skin lesions which remain a major public health problem, especially in tropical areas. The widespread use of antibiotics and the long duration required for effective treatment continues to add to the increasing global menace of multi-resistant pathogens. Onchocerca volvulus harbors the endosymbiont bacteria Wolbachia, essential for the normal development of embryos, larvae and long-term survival of the adult worm, O. volvulus. We report here results of using structure-based drug design (SBDD) approach aimed at identifying potential novel Wolbachia inhibitors from natural products against the Wolbachia surface protein (WSP). The protein sequence of the WSP with UniProtKB identifier Q0RAI4 was used to model the three-dimensional (3D) structure via homology modelling techniques using three different structure-building algorithms implemented in Modeller, I-TASSER and Robetta. Out of the 15 generated models of WSP, one was selected as the most reasonable quality model which had 82, 15.5, 1.9 and 0.5% of the amino acid residues in the most favored regions, additionally allowed regions, generously allowed regions and disallowed regions, respectively, based on the Ramachandran plot. High throughput virtual screening was performed via Autodock Vina with a library comprising 42,883 natural products from African and Chinese databases, including 23 identified anti-Onchocerca inhibitors. The top six compounds comprising ZINC000095913861, ZINC000095486235, ZINC000035941652, NANPDB4566, acetylaleuritolic acid and rhemannic acid had binding energies of −12.7, −11.1, −11.0, −11, −10.3 and −9.5 kcal/mol, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations including molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann (MMPBSA) calculations reinforced the stability of the ligand-WSP complexes and plausible binding mechanisms. The residues Arg45, Tyr135, Tyr148 and Phe195 were predicted as potential novel critical residues required for ligand binding in pocket 1. Acetylaleuritolic acid and rhemannic acid (lantedene A) have previously been shown to possess anti-onchocercal activity. This warrants the need to evaluate the anti-WSP activity of the identified molecules. The study suggests the exploitation of compounds which target both pockets 1 and 2, by investigating their potential for effective depletion of Wolbachia. These compounds were predicted to possess reasonably good pharmacological profiles with insignificant toxicity and as drug-like. The compounds were computed to possess biological activity including antibacterial, antiparasitic, anthelmintic and anti-rickettsials. The six natural products are potential novel antiwolbachial agents with insignificant toxicities which can be explored further as filaricides for onchocerciasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K. Kwofie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, PMB LG 77, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana; (E.B.); (F.U.Y.); (J.N.); (D.A.)
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +233-203-797922
| | - Emmanuel Broni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, PMB LG 77, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana; (E.B.); (F.U.Y.); (J.N.); (D.A.)
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra LG 54, Ghana
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra LG 581, Ghana;
| | - Faruk U. Yunus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, PMB LG 77, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana; (E.B.); (F.U.Y.); (J.N.); (D.A.)
| | - John Nsoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, PMB LG 77, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana; (E.B.); (F.U.Y.); (J.N.); (D.A.)
| | - Dela Adoboe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, PMB LG 77, Legon, Accra LG 77, Ghana; (E.B.); (F.U.Y.); (J.N.); (D.A.)
| | - Whelton A. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, IL 19104, USA
| | - Michael D. Wilson
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Accra LG 581, Ghana;
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
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Adewole KE, Attah AF, Adebayo JO. Morinda lucida Benth (Rubiaceae): A review of its ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114055. [PMID: 33753141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOMEDICINAL RELEVANCE Natural products derived from plants have served the primary healthcare needs of millions of indigenous people for centuries, many of which have been documented and scientifically validated. Morinda lucida Benth (Rubiaceae), also referred to as brimstone tree, is an ethnomedicinal plant which has been widely used in traditional medicine for several decades, particularly in the African continent. Various parts of the plant, including stem bark, leaves and root, have been applied in traditional medicine for the management of various pathological conditions such as malaria, diabetes, hypertension, inflammation, typhoid fever, cancer, cognitive disorders, sickle cell disease, trypanosomiasis, onchocerciasis and various fevers. In this review, we critically evaluated the relationship between traditional uses, laboratory pharmacological activities and clinical studies on M. lucida so as to unveil opportunities for the development of relevant therapeutic agents against diseases that threaten mankind. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search for relevant data on M. lucida was done using scientific databases (Google Scholar, Mendeley, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Asian Science Citation Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Chinese Science Citation Database, other web sources (such as The Plant List and PROTA), books and other literature sources. RESULTS A hundred compounds have been isolated from M. lucida. Many of the reported secondary metabolites include alkaloids, tannins, anthraquinones, sterols, saponins, polyphenols, terpenoids, phenols and cardiac glycosides. The in vitro and in vivo experimental studies on various extracts, fractions and isolated compounds of M. lucida support the acclaimed pharmacological activities of the plant, such as antimalarial, antidiabetic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, cognitive-enhancement, anti-sickling, anti-trypanosomal, anti-onchocercal, muscle relaxant, antifungal and anti-leishmanial activities. These evidence-based scientific reports lend credence to their traditional uses. However, the safety of extracts of M. lucida is a cause for concern following reported toxicities such as antispermatogenic effect, genotoxicity and in vitro inhibition of human cytochrome P450 3A subfamily. CONCLUSION Documented evidence suggests that M. lucida remains a rich source of extracts and chemical compounds with diverse bioactivities that are of therapeutic benefit to man and this justifies its traditional uses for the primary healthcare needs of indigenous populations across tropical Africa. Due to the fact that M. lucida extracts may not be safe at some reported doses, more in-depth studies on their toxicities are required to better understand safer approaches to their traditional uses. In addition, mechanistic studies on the isolated compounds with known pharmacological activities are quite limited, thus necessitating future research efforts to be focused on the mechanisms of action of these active principles in order to facilitate their potential enlistment for rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Adewole
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - A F Attah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - J O Adebayo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
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Abstract
Summary
A global society, including developed countries, continues to struggle with fatal diseases that are difficult to treat with Western medicine. A variety of infectious diseases have existed for ages, but in Africa they had been limited thanks to the Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) prior to the introduction of cosmopolitan medicine. Influenza virus repression has been demonstrated by a number of herbal antivirals, yet the invaluable therapeutic potential of herbal medicine has been underestimated. Despite various reliable methods offered by Western medicine, the globally destructive COVID-19 pandemic requires a successful fight. The wisdom of African IKS used in tackling epidemics that have broken out in the past is brought to mind again. Pneumonia – a COVID-19 symptom, could be treated with polyherbal fomentation. Selected plants cultivated across Nigeria for hydrotherapy are under consideration to be used in proper doses. Given the potential associated with IKS, a multi-disciplinary approach involving experts in phytomedicine, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, plant physiology and ecology is necessary to unlock the therapeutic potential of traditional medicine.
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Liu Q, Liu Z, Gao Z, Chen G, Liu C, Wan Z, Chen C, Zeng C, Zhao Y, Pan L. Insights into Temperature and Hypoxia Tolerance in Cowpea Weevil via HIF-1. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10060704. [PMID: 34198747 PMCID: PMC8228136 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) is a major pest that leads to severe damage of the stored leguminous grains. Several management approaches, including physical barriers, biological or chemical methods, are used for controlling bruchid in cowpea. These methods usually target the metabolically active state of weevil. However, it becomes less effective at early stages as egg, larva, or pupa under low temperature and oxygen conditions. Since hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is known to coordinate multiple gene responses to low oxygen or low temperature signals, we examined the HIF-1α gene expression under low temperature and hypoxic treatments. At −20 °C, it took 4 h to reduce the survival rate for eggs, larvae, and pupae down to 10%, while at 4 °C and 15 °C, the survival rate remained higher than 50% even after 128 h as HIF-1α gene expression peaked at 15 °C. Moreover, HIF-1 protein offers a valuable target for early stage pest control complementary to traditional methods. In particular, HIF-1 inhibitor camptothecin (CPT), one of the five HIF-1 inhibitors examined, achieved a very significant reduction of 96.2% and 95.5% relative to the control in weevil survival rate into adult at 4 °C and 30 °C, respectively. Our study can be used as one model system for drug development in virus infections and human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Q.L.); (Z.G.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Zhichao Liu
- School of Biological Information, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China;
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Q.L.); (Z.G.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Guanjun Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Q.L.); (Z.G.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Changyan Liu
- Institute of Food Crop, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhenghuang Wan
- Institute of Food Crop, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Chanyou Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Q.L.); (Z.G.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Chen Zeng
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.P.)
| | - Lei Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Q.L.); (Z.G.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.P.)
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Tonial F, Maia BHLNS, Sobottka AM, Savi DC, Vicente VA, Gomes RR, Glienke C. Biological activity of Diaporthe terebinthifolii extracts against Phyllosticta citricarpa. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:2967563. [PMID: 28158748 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus black spot disease, caused by the phytopathogen Phyllosticta citricarpa, depreciates the market value of citrus fruits and prevents their exportation to disease-free regions. It may also reduce the productivity of citrus fruit orchards. To identify an alternative to conventional disease control measures, isolates of Diaporthe terebinthifolii, active against P. citricarpa, were selected from an endophytic fungal population of Schinus terebinthifolia leaves. Different culture media were screened to identify the culture medium that afforded the most efficient production of biologically active extracts. A particular fraction (fraction VI) of the extract completely protected orange leaves by inhibiting the germination of P. citricarpa conidia with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.003 μg.mL-1. The active constituents in D. terebinthifolii extract fractions were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as verbanol, phenylethyl alcohol, verbenyl acetate and methyl hexadecanoate. The results obtained strongly suggest the existence of a synergistic effect among the metabolites produced. Thus, these fungal metabolites could be used to control the CBS disease. As the asexual spores of P. citricarpa play an important role in fruit lesion development and disease dispersion, fungal extracts that inhibit the spore germination can be used as an effective alternative for directional disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Tonial
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR285, São José, Passo Fundo/RS, CEP: 99052-900, Brazil.,Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 210, Curitiba, PR, 80060-000, Brazil
| | - Beatriz H L N S Maia
- Quá-mica, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 210, Curitiba, PR, 80060-000, Brazil
| | - Andrea M Sobottka
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Passo Fundo, BR285, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, 99052-900, Brazil
| | - Daiani C Savi
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 210, Curitiba, PR, 80060-000, Brazil
| | - Vânia A Vicente
- Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 210, Curitiba, PR, 80060-000, Brazil
| | - Renata R Gomes
- Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 210, Curitiba, PR, 80060-000, Brazil
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 210, Curitiba, PR, 80060-000, Brazil
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