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Zhu K, Yang Y, Lin C, Wang Q, Ye D, Jiang H, Wu K. Effect of Compounded Aluminum Hydroxide Flame Retardants on the Flammability and Smoke Suppression Performance of Asphalt Binders. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2803-2814. [PMID: 38250418 PMCID: PMC10795047 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Compounded aluminum hydroxide (ATH) flame retardants have been widely used for their low cost and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, previous research lacks a systematic and comprehensive comparison. In addition, the combustion characteristics and phase characterization of asphalt binders are not taken into account either. In this work, flame retardants, for instance, APP, Sb2O3, ZB, and LDHs, were compounded with ATH. The flame retardant behavior, together with the smoke suppression behavior, of asphalt binders with compounded flame retardants was determined by LOI and CCT. Furthermore, mechanisms on flame retardants were investigated. It was found that ATH compounded with ZB significantly reduced the heat smoke release and suppressed the formation of toxic volatiles during asphalt combustion. This was because ATH/ZB facilitated the formation of polyaromatic structures and improved the resistance of the char layer. ATH compounded with APP showed an antagonistic effect in the limiting oxygen test because the reaction between ATH and APP inhibited and delayed the decomposition of ATH during asphalt combustion with more aluminum phosphate presenting relatively poor barrier properties produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- College
of Quality and Safety Engineering, China
Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
- Center
of Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China
| | - Yapeng Yang
- College
of Quality and Safety Engineering, China
Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Chenghang Lin
- College
of Quality and Safety Engineering, China
Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
- Taizhou
Special Equipment Inspection and Testing Research Institute, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College
of Quality and Safety Engineering, China
Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Dong Ye
- College
of Quality and Safety Engineering, China
Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Haojia Jiang
- College
of Quality and Safety Engineering, China
Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
- Huzhou
tobacco company Changxing branch, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313100, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Center
of Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China
- The
Engineering Research Center of Oceanic Sensing Technology and Equipment,
Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316021, China
- Key
Laboratory
of Offshore Geotechnics and Material of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Lu Y, Wu Y, Yang J, Zhu X, Sun F, Li L, Shen Z, Pang Y, Wu Q, Chen H. Gentle fabrication of colorful superhydrophobic bamboo based on metal-organic framework. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 593:41-50. [PMID: 33744549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The efficient use of abundant renewable bamboo as high value-added decoration and building materials is of great significance for mitigating carbon dioxide emissions and maintaining sustainable development. The key challenge is to explore efficient and gentle methods to improve the undesirable surface properties of bamboo. Herein, a colorful and superhydrophobic bamboo is gently fabricated by a facile in-situ growth and conversion method based on metal-organic framework (for constructing micro-nano composite structures) and subsequent coating of sodium laurate (for reducing surface energy) at room temperature. The resulting sodium laurate-coated cobalt-nickel double hydroxide layer (CoNi-DH-La) is demonstrated as an efficient superhydrophobic layer to exhibit excellent chemical and mechanical stability. Impressively, the as-obtained CoNi-DH-La-coated bamboo sheet (BS-CoNi-DH-La) shows positive performances in terms of mildew resistance, flame retardancy, and self-cleaning. More importantly, this gentle method can endow bamboo with multiple unfading colors by changing the type of inorganic salts during the preparation process and display good potential for large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhuo Lu
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yitian Wu
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jin Yang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xinqiang Zhu
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Fangli Sun
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhehong Shen
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Yajun Pang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Wood-based Resources Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Zhu K, Wang Y, Tang D, Wang Q, Li H, Huang Y, Huang Z, Wu K. Flame-Retardant Mechanism of Layered Double Hydroxides in Asphalt Binder. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12050801. [PMID: 30857152 PMCID: PMC6427306 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The flame retardancy of asphalt binders with layered double hydroxides (LDHs) was investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter tests. The flame-retardant mechanism of the LDHs was also studied with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG–DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The cone calorimeter testing results indicated that 2 wt.% of the LDHs can decease the peak heat and smoke release rate of asphalt binders. Because a low dose of LDHs can be well dispersed in asphalt binder and favor the formation of polyaromatic structures during combustion, the thermal oxidation resistance and compactness of the char layer can be improved. The LOI of asphalt binder can be increased and the heat and smoke release during combustion can be decreased with 25 wt.% LDHs. The decomposition of LDHs can absorb the heat release of the initial two stages of asphalt combustion and reduce the burning rate of asphalt. Due to the loss of loosely bound water in the LDHs during the blending process and the decrease of dispersibility at a high LDH dose, the improvement of thermal stability is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yunhe Wang
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Daquan Tang
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Haihang Li
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Yadong Huang
- Fire Bureau of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Zhiyi Huang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ke Wu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Offshore Geotechnics and Material of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Abstract
In this study, cone calorimeter and thermogravimetric analyses were used to simulate the asphalt combustion process under the conditions of fire radiation and programmed temperature increase. The gaseous compositions and release rules were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy to investigate the influence of hydrated lime on the smoke suppression mechanism in the asphalt combustion process. The experimental results show that hydrated lime can promote the asphalt mastic surface to form a barrier layer during the combustion process. This barrier layer can reduce the burning intensity of asphalt. Although the compositions of gaseous products do not change much, the rates of CO production and smoke release are decreased. In addition, hydrated lime is alkaline and can thus neutralize acidic gases such as SO2 and reduce the toxicity of gaseous products. With the addition of 40 wt.% hydrated lime, the total smoke release and the CO release rate both decrease by more than 20% relative to the addition of the same amount of limestone fillers and decrease by more than 10% relative to the addition of the same amount of magnesium hydroxide flame retardant.
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