1
|
Inayat S, Aziz F, Younas A, Durante A. Determinants of Sexual Health and Sexual Quality of Life after Cardiovascular Surgeries: An Integrative Review. Heart Lung Circ 2024:S1443-9506(24)00657-7. [PMID: 38969608 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Sexual health and sexual quality of life are key components of psychosocial adjustment after cardiac surgeries and are often linked with improving the general quality of life. Reviews have been conducted to highlight the associations between cardiovascular diseases and sexual dysfunctions, but no review reported determinants of sexual health and sexual quality of life in patients after cardiovascular surgeries. We aimed to comprehensively examine the determinants of sexual health and sexual quality of life among individuals with cardiovascular surgeries. METHODS Literature was searched within PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and OVID databases. In total, 816 records were identified from database searches, 279 records were screened, and 11 empirical studies were included for review. Relevant data were extracted using literature summary tables and synthesised using an inductive approach. RESULTS The core determinants of sexual health and sexual quality of life were type of surgery and comorbidities, fears and uncertainties regarding sexual activity, sexual health education and counselling, spousal relationship and communication, and demographic factors such as advanced age and literacy levels. Major surgeries performed were coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and heart valve surgeries. The data collection tools used to collect data for sexual health and sexual quality of life were the International Erectile Function Questionnaire (IEFQ), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Sexual Knowledge CABG Scale (SKS-CABG), Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire (SQOL), SKS-Myocardial Infarction Scale (SKS-MI), and Couple Communication Scale (CCS). CONCLUSIONS Despite their importance, sexual health and quality of life are frequently overlooked during patient rehabilitation after cardiovascular surgeries. The lack of adequate education and counselling from healthcare professionals frequently leads to increased fear and uncertainties among individuals and their partners. Therefore, more person-centred educational and counselling approaches should be developed to address the sexual concerns of individuals and their partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Inayat
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Faisal Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Ahtisham Younas
- Faculty of Nursing, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
| | - Angela Durante
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; SITRA, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa and Massa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bolat MS, Bolat IA, Dündar C, Asci R. Which is better to predict erectile dysfunction and male sexual function in the context of metabolic syndrome: triglyceride-glucose index or visceral adiposity index?: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Int Urol Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s11255-024-04057-x. [PMID: 38687440 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-024-04057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many factors influence male sexual function, including metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to investigate the effects of two metabolic indices, the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the visceral adiposity index (VAI), on male sexual function. METHODS A total of 400 men having sexual dysfunction were included. Anthropological data, comorbidities were recorded. Serum total testosterone, prolactin, and estradiol levels were recorded. Sex-specific VAI was calculated using the [(WC/39.68) + (1.88xMI)] × (TG/1.03) × (1.31/HDL) formula and using Ln (fasting triglycerides) × (fasting glucose)/2] formula, TyG index was calculated. Turkish-validated 15-item long-form of the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF) questionnaire and male sexual health questionnaire (MSHQ) were used for erectile function and ejaculatory function, respectively. The ROC analysis was used to evaluate the predictive abilities of TyG and VAI cut-off values for ED risk. RESULTS A higher TyG index and VAI were associated with an increased risk of ED. The presence of MetS further worsened sexual function, with lower scores in sexual satisfaction, orgasm, desire, and general satisfaction. The TyG index and VAI showed similar predictive abilities for ED. Patients with MetS had worse ejaculation quality compared to those without MetS. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the potential of the TyG index and VAI as convenient tools for predicting and assessing sexual dysfunction in men, particularly in the context of metabolic disorders. Early detection and intervention for metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance may help to mitigate their negative impact on male sexual function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Suat Bolat
- Medicana International Hospital, Urology Clinic, Canik/Samsun Türkiye. Atilim University, Yenimahalle, Şht. Mesut Birinci Cd. No:85, 55080, Ankara, Türkiye.
- Atılım University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.
| | - Ipek Akalin Bolat
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Cihad Dündar
- Department of Public Health, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Türkiye
| | - Ramazan Asci
- Department of Urology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martin GM, Tremblay J, Gagnon-Girouard MP. Sexual self-concept, functioning, and practices of women with binge eating episodes. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:37. [PMID: 37069446 PMCID: PMC10108796 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Positive sexuality has received little empirical attention in relation to eating disorders. Two tendencies related to sexuality have been identified among women with anorexia nervosa (avoidance) and bulimia nervosa (disinhibition), but it is unclear if they also apply to women with binge eating episodes without compensatory behaviors. This study aimed at (1) exploring the sexual self-concept, functioning, and practices of women with binge eating episodes with or without comorbid restrictive and/or compensatory behaviors, considering past experiences of violence, and (2) verifying the presence of distinct profiles of sexual dispositions among this population. METHODS In total, 253 women reporting recurrent episodes of loss of control related to food intake in the past 5 years, completed a web-based questionnaire. Descriptive and correlational analyses were conducted to outline participants' sexual self-concept, functioning, and practices and to examine the relationship between these factors. A two-step cluster analysis was also performed to determine whether participants presented distinct profiles of sexual dispositions. RESULTS Participants were generally characterized by a negative sexual self-concept and poor sexual functioning. While a first subgroup of participants displayed a pattern of sexual difficulties and avoidance, a second subgroup had a positive sexual self-concept, better sexual functioning and a wider range of sexual practices. Subgroups did not differ relative to binge eating. CONCLUSIONS Sexuality offers a platform for positive embodiment, which can lead to the improvement of body image and mind-body connection and may thus constitute an essential clinical target to improve treatment related to binge eating episodes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II: The experimental study is a non-randomized controlled trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Manuela Martin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 1050 Avenue de la Médecine, G1V 0A6, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jérôme Tremblay
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Onen E, Onen S. Evidence for the Association between Chronotype and Lifelong Premature Ejaculation. Urol Int 2021; 106:1033-1040. [PMID: 34875655 DOI: 10.1159/000519930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the relationships between intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), severity of disease, and chronotype in lifelong premature ejaculation (PE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Evaluation was made of 114 males with PE and 103 healthy individuals, and comparisons were made of self-estimated IELT, Arabic Index of Premature Ejaculation (AIPE), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). RESULTS The frequency of morningness chronotype (78.1%) was significantly higher, and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) scores were negatively correlated with both IELT (r = -0.490, p < 0.001) and Arabic Index of Premature Ejaculation (AIPE) scores (r = -0.639, p < 0.001) in the PE group. MEQ scores significantly predicted IELT (t = -2.465, p = 0.015) and AIPE scores (t = -4.003, p = 0.000) in the PE group but not in the control group. CONCLUSION It can be asserted that morningness chronotype is more common, and ejaculatory latency time and PE severity are associated with chronotype in males with PE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efe Onen
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sinay Onen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Riazi H, Madankan F, Azin SA, Nasiri M, Montazeri A. Sexual quality of life and sexual self-efficacy among women during reproductive-menopausal transition stages and postmenopause: a comparative study. Womens Midlife Health 2021; 7:8. [PMID: 34535191 PMCID: PMC8447780 DOI: 10.1186/s40695-021-00067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual self-efficacy is essential for appropriate and desirable sexual function and sexual quality of life. This study aimed to compare sexual quality of life and sexual self-efficacy among women during reproductive-menopausal transition stages and postmenopause. This was a cross-sectional study of a sample of Iranian women. The sexual quality of life-female (SQOL-F) scale was used to measure sexual quality of life (SQOL) and sexual self-efficacy (SSE) was measured using the sexual self-efficacy questionnaire (SSEQ). Data were compared between the study groups using multiple linear regression. In all 340 women (170 in reproductive-menopausal transition stages and 170 postmenopause) were studied. The mean ages of reproductive-menopausal transition stages and postmenopausal women was 30.8 ± 6.55 and 56.3 ± 3.54 respectively (P < 0.001). Sexual self-efficacy and sexual quality of life were found to be significantly higher in reproductive-menopausal transition stages compared with postmenopause women (P < 0.001 and P = 0.017 respectively). Sexual and relationship satisfaction and sexual repression subscales differed significantly between the two groups (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively). Higher sexual self-efficacy contributed to higher sexual quality of life (P < 0.0001). Reproductive-menopausal transition stages women appear to enjoy higher levels of sexual self-efficacy and sexual quality of life. Given the importance of sexual quality of life, it is recommended to pay greater attention to sexual self-efficacy among postmenopausal women in order to improve sexual quality of life in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hedyeh Riazi
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Madankan
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Azin
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Nasiri
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Population Health Research Group, Health Metrics Research Center, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. .,Faculty of Humanity Sciences, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brunani A, Sirtori A, Capodaglio P, Donini LM, Buscemi S, Carbonelli MG, Giordano F, Mazzali G, Pasqualinotto L, Zenti MG, Barbieri V, Villa V, Leonardi M, Raggi A. Disability assessment in an Italian cohort of patients with obesity using an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)-derived questionnaire. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2020; 57:630-638. [PMID: 33165313 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.20.06512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a clinical condition that contributes to the development of related disability in different areas (physical, psychological and social). Multidisciplinary treatment calls for specific instruments able to evaluate all related functional problems. We have developed a tool (an ICF-based assessment instrument, the ICF-OB schedule) to evaluate obesity-related disability, composed of an inventory of 71-items from the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). AIM The aim of the present study was to validate this new tool for the definition of obesity-related disability. We also sought to examine the relationship between obesity disability, an index of multimorbidity (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale [CIRS]) and a well-validated score of perceived obesity-related disability (Italian Obesity Society Test for Obesity-Related Disability [TSD-OC]). DESIGN Process validation of the ICF-OB schedule. SETTING Baseline conditions of out- and in-patients. POPULATION A large cohort of obese patients recruited from 9 multidisciplinary centers belonging to the Italian Obesity Society (SIO) network, which provide specialized obesity care. METHODS A total of 353 patients (F: 70%, age: 50.2±12.7yrs, BMI: 41.4±8.3kg/m2) were enrolled between January 2017 and June 2018. The ICF-OB was used to define patients' functioning and disability profiles in order to set and appraise rehabilitation goals. RESULTS We described the distribution of body functions (BF), body structures (BS) and activities and participations (A&P) categories and the agreement rates were significant for the majority of these. The ICF-OB was more often significantly associated, and with stronger coefficients, with patients' comorbidities as described by the CIRS rather than with Body Mass Index (BMI). The TSD-OC also presented a strong association with A&P indexes. CONCLUSIONS The complexity of clinical condition, that generates disability in obesity might be well identified with the use of this new instrument that appear significant related to the perceived disability for each patients and also with their multimorbidity. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT The ICF-OB shows great promise as a tool for goal setting in the rehabilitation of obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Brunani
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, Verbania, Verbania-Cusio-Ossola, Italy -
| | - Anna Sirtori
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, Verbania, Verbania-Cusio-Ossola, Italy
| | - Paolo Capodaglio
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, Verbania, Verbania-Cusio-Ossola, Italy
| | - Lorenzo M Donini
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Research Unit, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvio Buscemi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Metabolic and Nutrition Diseases, University Hospital Policlinico "P. Giaccone", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Giordano
- Centro per la Cura dell'Obesità Casa di Cura Solatrix, Rovereto, Trento, Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzali
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Maria G Zenti
- Departement of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valerio Barbieri
- Centro per i Disturbi Alimentari, Policlinico S. Pietro, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Valentina Villa
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, Verbania, Verbania-Cusio-Ossola, Italy
| | - Matilde Leonardi
- Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Raggi
- Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bag S, Akbas F. The Impact of Obesity on Sexual Functions and Dyadic Consensus in Patients with Obesity. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:308-312. [PMID: 32392432 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a chronic disease with several co-morbidities that increase morbidity and mortality and decrease quality of life. Psychopathologies are an important group of co-morbidities. In this study, it was aimed to search for the presence of depression and sexual dysfunction in patients with obesity, examine impact of obesity on marital adjustment, and highlight those important problems that are usually overlooked. Methods: Fifty patients who were seen in the obesity outpatient clinic in a random month as case group and gender-matched 50 healthy individuals as control group were included in the study. The inclusion criteria were body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 and having a sexual partner. The exclusion criteria were having psychiatric/mental or any other chronic illness, using medication that would affect sexual functions, and alcohol/substance abuse. After recording the sociodemographic data, patients were asked to take three internationally validated questionnaires: The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Fifty patients with obesity as case group and 50 normal weight healthy persons as control group were included in the study. BMI and BDI score were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. DAS score was lower in the case group for consensus and affectional expression than the control group but there was no difference for satisfaction, cohesion, or total score between the groups. ASEX score was higher in the case group than in the control group. Conclusion: Patients with obesity have dyadic consensus problems with their partners. Their excessive weight causes distress and difficulty in expressing their feelings and usually results in marital problems and depression. Evaluation of the patient with a multidisciplinary approach in obesity centers will allow patients to be analyzed in every aspect of obesity including these issues and contribute to the success of the treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Bag
- Department of Psychiatry Clinic and University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Feray Akbas
- Department of Internal Medicine Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Heydarpour B, Ezzati P, Soroush A, Saeidi M, Komasi S. Comparison of Sexual Knowledge between Patients Prepared for Cardiac Surgery and Patients Prepared for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Iran. J Tehran Heart Cent 2020; 14:103-108. [PMID: 31998386 PMCID: PMC6981344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although sexual death during intercourse occurs rarely in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), most such patients avoid it because they fear a dangerous event. Given the significance of awareness about this issue among patients with CVDs, we sought to compare sexual knowledge between 2 groups of patients prepared for cardiac surgery and patients prepared for cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted between April and July 2016, recruited 157 patients with CVDs (107 candidates for surgery and 50 patients prepared for CR) in Imam Ali Hospital, in the Iranian city of Kermanshah. The cases, selected through entire counting according to our inclusion criteria, responded to a standard sexual knowledge inventory. Sexual knowledge and professionals responsible in providing sexual rehabilitation from the perspective of patients were compared using the independent t-test and the χ2 test. Results: The participants’ mean age was 55.39±9.82 years (male: 58.6%). Overall, the 2 groups had poor sexual knowledge. Although the CR program started 57.85±13.92 days after surgery, the sexual knowledge of this group of patients was not significantly different from that of the patients prepared for surgery (P=0.904). This difference was not significant between the 2 genders (P=0.077). Finally, concerning the professionals responsible in providing sexual rehabilitation, the patients selected psychologists (P=0.006) and nurses (P=0.012) more frequently in the initial phase of CR program. Conclusion: Sexual knowledge was poor in our CR patients at the outset of the program. Given the poor knowledge in these patients 2 months after surgery and the lack of significant difference in knowledge between these patients and those prepared for surgery, it is advisable that they be provided with the necessary information in this regard in this golden time before hospital discharge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Heydarpour
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, School of Medicine, Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parvin Ezzati
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, School of Medicine, Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Soroush
- Lifestyle Modification Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Saeidi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, School of Medicine, Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeid Komasi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Donini LM, Rosano A, Di Lazzaro L, Lubrano C, Carbonelli M, Pinto A, Giusti AM, Lenzi A, Siervo M. Impact of Disability, Psychological Status, and Comorbidity on Health-Related Quality of Life Perceived by Subjects with Obesity. Obes Facts 2020; 13:191-200. [PMID: 32208387 PMCID: PMC7250341 DOI: 10.1159/000506079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity is a rapidly growing public health problem affecting an increasing number of countries worldwide and creating substantial financial and health burdens. Obesity has a negative impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with reference to physical and mental health status, social relationships, and economic factors. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association of number of comorbidities, psychological status, and disability level with HRQoL in a sample of subjects with obesity. METHODS A total of 273 subjects with obesity (199 women and 74 men) were recruited. Medical history and anthropometric measurements were carried out. The Italian version of the Laval questionnaire, the TSD-OC (SIO test for obesity-related disabilities), and SCL-90 (Symptom Checklist-90) tests were administered. The association between HRQoL (global and different domains scores of the Laval questionnaire - dependent variable) and age, body mass index (BMI), comorbidity, TSD-OC, and SCL-90 was analysed using a stepwise linear regression model. RESULTS BMI, disability (TSD-OC global score), and psychological symptoms (SCL-90 global severity index) were found to be the main determinants of HRQoL. Single domains of HRQoL (symptoms, activity/mobility, personal hygiene/clothing, emotions, social interaction, and sexual life) showed different patterns of associations with each domain of the Laval questionnaire. BMI, pain, and social life disruptions were found to be significantly associated with most of the HRQoL domains while age, comorbidities, psychological problems (depression, interpersonal symptoms, somatization), and disability were associated with only some domains of the Laval questionnaire. Education, psychological symptoms (obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation), and disability domains (stiffness, housework, outdoor activities, occupational activities) were not associated with any of the dimensions of the Laval questionnaire. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION The present study identified key determinants of QoL in subjects with obesity, which could help in refining the multidimensional diagnostic assessment of obesity as well as designing more effective interventions to improve HRQoL in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Maria Donini
- Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Aldo Rosano
- Italian National Agency for Regional Healthcare Services (AGENAS), Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Di Lazzaro
- Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Lubrano
- Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Pinto
- Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Siervo
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dilator Use After Vaginal Brachytherapy for Endometrial Cancer: A Randomized Feasibility and Adherence Study. Cancer Nurs 2019; 41:200-209. [PMID: 28437283 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaginal brachytherapy, a common treatment of endometrial cancer, is associated with high rates of vaginal stenosis. Recommendations for vaginal dilator use to minimize stenosis generally include 3 times per week for approximately 10 minutes per use. However, adherence rates range widely and are generally well less than 50%. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to assess feasibility of recruitment to a study of dilator use and test a theoretically driven enhanced educational program (EEP) to increase adherence. METHODS Eligibility included women treated with postoperative vaginal brachytherapy for stage I to IIIc endometrial cancer. Patients were randomized to either nurse-delivered standard institutional instruction or EEP. RESULTS Of eligible patients, 76% consented, 42 were randomized, and 69% completed the 6-month assessment. Mean age was 58.2 years; 48% were sexually active. There was no difference in adherence between arms. Overall, 20% and 8.3% were adherent to the prescribed use of 3 times per week, and 64% and 16% were adherent to use at least once per week at 6 weeks and 6 months, respectively. Adherence was greater among those motivated by vaginal health and having lower body mass index. Nonadherence was significantly higher among those who are college educated, in the EEP group, and with higher weight. CONCLUSIONS Feasibility of recruitment into a study of vaginal dilator use was high. Adherence was low, and there was no difference between groups. Adherence to vaginal dilator use requires novel interventions to test. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nursing education that includes how dilators may maintain vaginal health may improve use because it was a motivator for adherence in this study.
Collapse
|
11
|
Di Vincenzo A, Busetto L, Vettor R, Rossato M. Obesity, Male Reproductive Function and Bariatric Surgery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:769. [PMID: 30619096 PMCID: PMC6305362 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with several chronic complications, such as type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, with relevant consequences for patients and public health systems. Reproductive function abnormalities, such as obesity-related secondary hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction and infertility, represent other abnormalities negatively affecting the quality of life of men suffering from obesity but, despite their high prevalence, these are often understated because of a general lack of awareness in clinical practice. Obesity and gonadal function are closely related, with obesity being associated with hypogonadism that is reversed by body weight reduction thus ameliorating reproductive and sexual health. Clinical studies specifically evaluating the impact of non-surgical weight loss on testosterone levels sometimes showed conflicting results, whereas extensive literature has demonstrated that weight loss after bariatric surgery is correlated with an increase in testosterone levels greater than that obtained with only lifestyle interventions, suggesting the role of surgery also for the treatment of hypogonadism in obese male. However, studies concerning the consequences of bariatric surgery on overall reproductive function in the male, including also sexual activity and fertility, are limited and data regarding long-term effects are lacking. Here we present a brief review summarizing the evidence regarding the interplay between obesity and reproductive abnormalities in the obese male, together with the role of bariatric surgery for the treatment of these complications, describing both the positive effects and the limitations of this procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Di Vincenzo
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, Center for the Study and Integrated Management of Obesity, Clinica Medica 3, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Taskin Yilmaz F, Karakoc Kumsar A, Demirel G. The effect of body image on sexual quality of life in obese married women. Health Care Women Int 2018; 40:479-492. [DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2018.1542432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feride Taskin Yilmaz
- Department of Internal Diseases Nursing, School of Susehri Health High, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Azime Karakoc Kumsar
- Department of Internal Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Healthy Science, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulbahtiyar Demirel
- Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health Science, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Roxo L, Virgolino A, Costa J, Alarcao V. Understanding the relationship between BMI and sexual dysfunction: Can DSM-5 shed light into this topic? Rev Int Androl 2018; 17:130-137. [PMID: 30195481 DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The links between body weight and sexuality, notably sexual dysfunction (SD), are intricate and not yet fully understood. A more individual-focused evaluation of sexual difficulties, as recently provided by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), contributes to improve precision in SD diagnosis and has the potential to advance our knowledge on the association between body weight and SD. OBJECTIVES To identify gender differences in sexual behaviors and SD among Portuguese men and women within different classes of body mass index (BMI); and to explore the association between BMI and SD by using the new DSM-5 criteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS Face-to-face interviews followed by self-completed questionnaires of primary healthcare users in Portugal (n=323). Data on sociodemographic variables, BMI, sexual behaviors and SD were collected. DSM-5 criteria were used to assess sexual dysfunction. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for men and women, respectively, were used for comparison purposes. RESULTS Overweight and obese women reported less sexual partners, less satisfaction with sexual frequency and rated sexual life as less important. These differences were not found among men. Normal weight men and women had a higher score of IIEF and FSFI, respectively, than those overweight and obese. No significant effects of BMI scale on SD following DMS-5 were detected. CONCLUSIONS Women's sexual function is more impacted by BMI than men's. Individual-orientated approaches, as proposed in DSM-5, may allow a better understanding on the relation between body size and sexuality in both genders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Roxo
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT) Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Virgolino
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Violeta Alarcao
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia (CIES-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sasdelli AS, Petroni ML, Delli Paoli A, Collini G, Calugi S, Dalle Grave R, Marchesini G. Expected benefits and motivation to weight loss in relation to treatment outcomes in group-based cognitive-behavior therapy of obesity. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:205-214. [PMID: 29368291 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0475-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to determine cognitive drivers, expected to play a role in target reach and/or attrition in obesity programs. METHODS We recorded the expected benefits of weight loss, weight targets, primary motivation for weight loss, perceived treatment needs, readiness and self-confidence to be successful and a battery of psychopathology questionnaires in 793 subjects with obesity (68% women; mean age 48.7; 46% obesity class III) enrolled into a group-based cognitive-behavioral treatment program. Their relevance on attrition and successful weight loss outcome were tested by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The expected benefits of weight loss scored very high in all physical, psychological and social areas, with differences between genders. Attrition rate was 24, 41 and 65% at 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up. Average weight loss was 5.8 ± 7.1 kg (- 4.8%) at 6 months, with 17% of cases (32% of continuers) maintaining weight loss > 10% at 24 months. After adjustment for confounders, attrition was reduced by concern for present health, motivation/consciousness of the importance of physical activity and need for support; treatment discontinuation was favored by concern for body image, by expectations for drug treatment or bariatric surgery, and by high-challenging weight loss targets. Male gender, higher BMI and concern for present health predicted weight loss > 10%, whereas concern for body appearance was associated with lower probability of attaining the desired weight loss targets. CONCLUSION A more precise definition of needs and expectations might help tailor treatment to individual patients, but attrition rates and target reach remain difficult to predict. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Simona Sasdelli
- Unit of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Dietetics, "Alma Mater Studiorum" University, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Petroni
- Unit of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Dietetics, "Alma Mater Studiorum" University, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Obesity Unit, "Solatrix" Private Hospital, Via Bellini 11, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Anna Delli Paoli
- Unit of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Dietetics, "Alma Mater Studiorum" University, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Collini
- Unit of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Dietetics, "Alma Mater Studiorum" University, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Calugi
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Via Monte Baldo, 89, 37016, Garda, Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dalle Grave
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Via Monte Baldo, 89, 37016, Garda, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Marchesini
- Unit of Metabolic Diseases and Clinical Dietetics, "Alma Mater Studiorum" University, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abedi P, Jorfi M, Afshari P, Fakhri A. How does health-promoting lifestyle relate to sexual function among women of reproductive age in Iran? Glob Health Promot 2017; 25:15-21. [PMID: 28857683 DOI: 10.1177/1757975917706831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the relation between health-promoting lifestyle and sexual function among women of reproductive age. In this cross-sectional study, 1200 women were recruited randomly from 10 public health centers in Ahvaz, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile 2 (HPLP2), and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were used for data collection. The inclusion criteria were as follows: women aged 15-45 years, married, monogamous, and having basic literacy. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, chi-square test, Spearman correlation coefficient, and logistic regression. All aspects of sexual function showed a significant relationship with different dimensions of HPLP2, except for pain and physical activity ( p < 0.001). Women who had better self-actualization were more likely to have better sexual function than other women (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06-1.14, p < 0.001). Other variables like responsibility, interpersonal relations and stress management also showed a significant correlation with sexual function. Results of this study showed that health-promoting lifestyle dimensions are significantly related to all aspects of sexual function in women of reproductive age. Health policy makers should take lifestyle-related factors of reproductive-aged women into account when seeking to improve the sexual wellbeing of this population. Further attention should also be given to assessing the direction of causality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Abedi
- 1. Department of Midwifery, Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Maryam Jorfi
- 1. Department of Midwifery, Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Poorandokht Afshari
- 1. Department of Midwifery, Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fakhri
- 2. Department of Psychiatry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reduced sleep duration affects body composition, dietary intake and quality of life in obese subjects. Eat Weight Disord 2016; 21:501-505. [PMID: 26911383 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep duration has emerged as a crucial factor affecting body weight and feeding behaviour. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship among sleep duration, body composition, dietary intake, and quality of life (QoL) in obese subjects. METHODS Body composition was assessed by DXA. "Sensewear Armband" was used to evaluate sleep duration. SF-36 questionnaire was used to evaluate quality of life (QoL). A 3-day dietary record was administered. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: sleep duration > and ≤300 min/day. RESULTS 137 subjects (105 women and 32 men), age: 49.8 ± 12.4 years, BMI: 38.6 ± 6.7 kg/m(2), were enrolled. Sleep duration was ≤300 min in 30.6 % of subjects. Absolute and relative fat mass (FM) (40.5 ± 9 vs. 36.5 ± 9.1 kg; 40.2 ± 4.7 vs. 36.9 ± 5.6 %), and truncal fat mass (19.2 ± 6.1 vs. 16.6 ± 5 kg; 38.6 ± 5.3 vs. 35.2 ± 5.5 %) were higher in subjects sleeping ≤300 min when compared to their counterparts (all p < 0.05), whereas just a tendency towards a higher BMI was observed (p = 0.077). Even though energy intake was not different between groups, subjects sleeping ≤300 min reported a higher carbohydrate consumption per day (51.8 ± 5.1 vs. 48.4 ± 9.2 %, p = 0.038). SF-36 total score was lower in subjects sleeping ≤300 min (34.2 ± 17.8 vs. 41.4 ± 12.9, p = 0.025). Sleep duration was negatively associated with FM (r = -0.25, p = 0.01) and SF-36 total score (r = -0.31, p < 0.001). The inverse association between sleep duration and SF-36 total score was confirmed by the regression analysis after adjustment for BMI and fat mass (R = 0.43, R (2) = 0.19, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Reduced sleep duration negatively influences body composition, macronutrient intake, and QoL in obese subjects.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The association between obesity and sexual dysfunction has been described in many studies. Neurobiological, hormonal, vascular and mental disturbances are the main reasons in male and in female gender. Sexual interest and desire, sexual arousal, orgasm, painful intercourse and premature ejaculation can be involved. Data for prevalence of sexual function disturbances in obese people are scarce and most studies were small. For screening of sexual function we recommend the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-Score, which contains 15 Items for males and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), which contains 19 items for females. Treatment of sexual function disturbances include lifestyle changes with an increase of physical activity, weight control, healthy eating and smoking cessation. Testosterone substitution in cases of real hypogonadism and treatment with PDE-5 inhibitors are well documented treatment options in male individuals. New treatment options for female patients with variable effectiveness are fibanserin, testosterone, bupropione and oxytocin.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ozder A, Sekeroglu M, Eker HH. Quality of life and satisfaction with treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes: results from primary health care in Turkey. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:5715-5722. [PMID: 25664097 PMCID: PMC4307544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life and degree of satisfaction with the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary health care in Turkey. A total of 180 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the Family Medicine out-patient clinic were included in the study. Participants were asked to fill out a self-report survey to collect data via two well validated scales, including the Turkish version of the Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL) instrument and the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ). Overall average weighted impact score for the study group was -2.73 ± 2.56. Diabetes mellitus has the largest impact on enjoyment of food (mean ± SD impact rating: -1.63 ± 1.50). The mean score of the DTSQ was 21.02 ± 8.07 (range from better to worse: 36 to 0) for the entire group. Presence of diabetes-related complication was significantly related with lower treatment satisfaction scores (mean ± SD = 23.08 ± 7.32 without complications; mean ± SD = 18.48 ± 8.36 with complications, P = 0.003). Physicians working in primary care should be equipped with more recent knowledge of diabetes treatment in order to tailor more appropriate treatment strategies from current guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aclan Ozder
- Department of Family Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif UniversityIstanbul, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ben Thabet J, Sallemi R, Charfi N, Maâlej Bouali M, Charfi N, Zouari L, Zouari N, Abid M, Maâlej M. Satisfaction sexuelle chez des sujets obèses tunisiens. SEXOLOGIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sexol.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
20
|
Skär L, Juuso P, Söderberg S. Health-related quality of life and sense of coherence among people with obesity: Important factors for health management. SAGE Open Med 2014; 2:2050312114546923. [PMID: 26770736 PMCID: PMC4607204 DOI: 10.1177/2050312114546923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether health-related quality of life and levels of sense of coherence among people with obesity are correlated with body mass index, age, and gender. METHODS A cross-sectional, descriptive research design was used. Subjects (n = 157) were selected from a sample of participants in an ongoing survey and had a body mass index >30 kg/m(2). Data were collected using the Short Form-36 Health Survey and the Sense of Coherence Scale. RESULTS The mean body mass index of women was higher than that of men. Compared to men, a greater proportion of women had a low sense of coherence. There was a significant relationship between low physical health and high body mass index. Female gender and older age correlated with a low sense of coherence and showed a significant association with high body mass index. CONCLUSION To increase the health-related quality of life, people with obesity need support to help manage their life situation based on their individual needs and personal resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Skär
- Division of Nursing, Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Päivi Juuso
- Division of Nursing, Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Siv Söderberg
- Division of Nursing, Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|