1
|
Pi X, Teng W, Fei D, Zhao G, Liu W. Effects of Live Combined Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium on Gut Microbiota Composition in C57BL/6 Mice and in Humans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:821662. [PMID: 35223547 PMCID: PMC8866766 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.821662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics can alleviate metabolic syndrome by altering the composition of the gut microbiota. Live combined Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus subtilis has been indicated to promote growth and reduce inflammation in animal models. However, the modulatory effects of live combined B. subtilis R-179 and E. faecium R-026 (LCBE) on human microbiota remain unclear. The current study examined the growth of these two strains in the presence of various oligosaccharides and assessed the effects of this probiotic mixture on human and murine gut microbiota in vitro and in vivo. Oligosaccharides improved the growth of E. faecium R-026 and B. subtilis R-179 as well as increased their production of short-chain fatty acids. E. faecium R-026 or B. subtilis R-179 co-incubated with Bifidobacterium and Clostridium significantly increased the number of the anaerobic bacteria Bifidobacterium longum and Clostridium butyricum by in vitro fermentation. Moreover, LCBE significantly reduced plasma cholesterol levels in mouse models of hyperlipidemia. LCBE combined with galacto-oligosaccharides led to a significant decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and a significant increase in the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Bifidobacteria after treating mice with LCBE (0.23 g/day) for eight weeks. Furthermore, in vitro fermentation also showed that both the single strains and the two-strain mixture modulated human gut microbiota, resulting in increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, and decreased Escherichia-Shigella. Overall, these results suggest that LCBE can improve host health by reducing the level of cholesterol in mouse models by modifying the composition of the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xionge Pi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Teng
- Department of infectious Disease Control and Prevention, HangZhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dibo Fei
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of infectious Disease Control and Prevention, HangZhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Liu, ; Gang Zhao,
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Liu, ; Gang Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to explore the benefits and safety of probiotics (live combined Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium granules with multivitamines) for the treatment of children with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD).A total of 72 children with AAD were analyzed in this study. Of these, 36 children received routine treatment plus probiotics, and were assigned to a treatment group. The other 36 children underwent routine treatment alone, and were assigned to a control group. Patients in both groups were treated for a total of 7 days. The efficacy and safety were evaluated by duration of diarrhea (days), number of dressings needed daily, abdominal pain intensity, stool consistency (as assessed by Bristol Stool Scale (BSS)), and any adverse events.After treatment, probiotics showed encouraging benefits in decreasing duration of diarrhea (days) (P < .01), number of dressings needed every day (P < .01), abdominal pain intensity (P < .01), and stool consistency (BSS (3-5), P < .01; BSS (6-7), P < .01). In addition, no adverse events were documented in this study.The findings of this study demonstrated that probiotics may provide promising benefit for children with AAD. Further studies are still needed to warrant theses findings.
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie Y, Zhou L, Yao X, Li Y. Protective Effects of Clostridium Butyricum in a Murine Model of Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis That Involve Inhibition of the TLR2 Signaling Pathway and T Helper 17 Cells. Am J Med Sci 2020; 360:176-191. [PMID: 32553747 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the role of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) in conjunction with the Toll-like receptor2 (TLR2) signaling pathway and T helper 17 (Th17) cells in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. METHODS Forty 8-week-old BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 mice for 7 days: control, DSS (5% DSS), DSS+C. butyricum (1 × 109 CFU), DSS+C. butyricum (1 × 108 CFU) and DSS+C. butyricum (1 × 107 CFU) groups. We assessed the disease activity index (DAI) and histological damage scores. The expression levels of TLR2, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κBp65), interleukin (IL) 17 (IL17), IL23 and retineic acid receptor related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t (RORγt) were determined through immunohistochemical staining, western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression levels of CD3+CD4+IL17+ cells in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS C. butyricum dose-dependently decreased DAI and histological damage scores in DSS mice and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of TLR2, MyD88 and NF-κBp65 in mouse colon tissue (all P < 0.05). In addition, C. butyricum dose-dependently decreased the levels of CD3+CD4+IL17+ cells in peripheral blood and down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of IL17, IL23 and RORγt in mouse colon tissue (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the effect of C. butyricum on TLR2 was positively correlated with IL17, IL23 and RORγt. CONCLUSIONS C. butyricum exerts a dose-dependently protective effect on acute intestinal inflammation induced by DSS in mice, by inhibiting the TLR2 signaling pathway, down-regulating the expression of IL23 and RORγt, and inhibiting the secretion of IL17.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Linyan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xinjie Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Divyashri G, Krishna G, Muralidhara, Prapulla SG. Probiotic attributes, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory effects of Enterococcus faecium CFR 3003: in vitro and in vivo evidence. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:1527-1540. [PMID: 26450608 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria play a vital role in modulating various aspects integral to the health and well-being of humans. In the present study, probiotic attributes and the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory potential of Enterococcus faecium CFR 3003 were investigated by employing suitable model systems. E. faecium exhibited robust resistance to gastrointestinal stress conditions as it could withstand acid stress at pH 1.5, 2 and 3. The bacterium also survived at a bile salt concentration of 0.45 %, and better tolerance was observed towards pepsin and trypsin. E. faecium produced lactic acid as a major metabolic product, followed by butyric acid. Lyophilized cell-free supernatant (LCS) of E. faecium exhibited significant antioxidant capacity evaluated against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, ascorbate auto-oxidation, oxygen radical absorbance and reducing power. Interestingly, E. faecium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG MTCC 1408 and LCS showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect by negatively modulating TNF-α production and upregulating IL-10 levels in LPS-stimulated macrophage cell lines. In an in vivo mice model, the propensity of probiotic supplements to modulate endogenous oxidative markers and redox status in brain regions was assessed. Young mice provided with oral supplements (daily for 28 days) of E. faecium and L. rhamnosus exhibited diminished oxidative markers in the brain and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes with a concomitant increase in γ-aminobutyric acid and dopamine levels. Collectively, our findings clearly suggest the propensity of these bacteria to protect against tissue damage mediated through free radicals and inflammatory cytokines. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms need further studies, it is tempting to speculate that probiotics confer a neuroprotective advantage in vivo against oxidative damage-mediated neurodegenerative conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Divyashri
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.,Microbiology and Fermentation Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Karnataka, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - G Krishna
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Karnataka, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - Muralidhara
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Karnataka, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - S G Prapulla
- Microbiology and Fermentation Technology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Karnataka, Mysore 570 020, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen ZF, Ai LY, Wang JL, Ren LL, Yu YN, Xu J, Chen HY, Yu J, Li M, Qin WX, Ma X, Shen N, Chen YX, Hong J, Fang JY. Probiotics Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis ameliorate intestinal tumorigenesis. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:1433-45. [PMID: 26346930 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To investigate the antitumor effects of probiotics Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Materials & methods: The effects of C. butyricum and B. subtilis on CRC cells were studied. Male C57BL/6 mice with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH)-induced CRC were intervened by these two probiotics and the antitumor effects were examined by comparing the tumor incidence and detecting the inflammatory and immune-related markers. Results & conclusions: C. butyricum and B. subtilis inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells, caused cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis. In vivo, these two probiotics inhibited the development of DMH-induced CRC. The molecular mechanism involved reduced inflammation and improved immune homeostasis. This work establishes a basis for the protective role of probiotics B. subtilis and C. butyricum in intestinal tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Fei Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Luo-Yan Ai
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ji-Lin Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Lin-Lin Ren
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ya-Nan Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Hao-Yan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease & LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Min Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Wen-Xin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Division of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| |
Collapse
|