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Sackner-Bernstein J. Rethinking Parkinson's disease: could dopamine reduction therapy have clinical utility? J Neurol 2024; 271:5687-5695. [PMID: 38904783 PMCID: PMC11319508 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Following reports of low striatal dopamine content in Parkinson's disease, levodopa was shown to rapidly reverse hypokinesis, establishing the model of disease as one of dopamine deficiency. Dopaminergic therapy became standard of care, yet it failed to reverse the disease, suggesting the understanding of disease was incomplete. The literature suggests the potential for toxicity of dopamine and its metabolites, perhaps more relevant given the recent evidence for elevated cytosolic dopamine levels in the dopaminergic neurons of people with Parkinson's. To understand the relevance of these data, multiple investigations are reviewed that tested dopamine reduction therapy as an alternative to dopaminergic agents. The data from use of an inhibitor of dopamine synthesis in experimental models suggest that such an approach could reverse disease pathology, which suggests that cytosolic dopamine excess is a primary driver of disease. These data support clinical investigation of dopamine reduction therapy for Parkinson's disease. Doing so will determine whether these experimental models are predictive and this treatment strategy is worth pursuing further. If clinical data are positive, it could warrant reconsideration of our disease model and treatment strategies, including a shift from dopaminergic to dopamine reduction treatment of the disease.
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Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cocaine's Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105418. [PMID: 35628228 PMCID: PMC9145816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and optimal function. It is indispensable for cells such as neurons, which rely on the finely tuned mitochondria to carry out their normal physiological activities. The potent psychostimulant cocaine impairs mitochondria as one way it exerts its neurotoxicity, wherein the disturbances in mitochondrial dynamics have been suggested to play an essential role. In this review, we summarize the neurotoxicity of cocaine and the role of mitochondrial dynamics in cellular physiology. Subsequently, we introduce current findings that link disturbed neuronal mitochondrial dynamics with cocaine exposure. Finally, the possible role and potential therapeutic value of mitochondrial dynamics in cocaine neurotoxicity are discussed.
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An Unrecognized Fundamental Relationship between Neurotransmitters: Glutamate Protects against Catecholamine Oxidation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101564. [PMID: 34679699 PMCID: PMC8533062 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) are liable to undergo oxidation, which copper is deeply involved in. Catecholamine oxidation-derived neurotoxicity is recognized as a pivotal pathological mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases. Glutamate, as an excitatory neurotransmitter, is enriched in the brain at extremely high concentrations. However, the chemical biology relationship of these two classes of neurotransmitters remains largely unknown. In the present study, we assessed the influences of glutamate on the autoxidation of catecholamines, the copper- and copper-containing ceruloplasmin-mediated oxidation of catecholamines, the catecholamine-induced formation of quinoprotein, catecholamine/copper-induced hydroxyl radicals, and DNA damage in vitro. The results demonstrate that glutamate, at a physiologically achievable molar ratio of glutamate/catecholamines, has a pronounced inhibitory effect on catecholamine oxidation, catecholamine oxidation-evoked hydroxyl radicals, quinoprotein, and DNA damage. The protective mechanism of glutamate against catecholamine oxidation could be attributed to its restriction of the redox activity of copper via chelation. This previously unrecognized link between glutamate, catecholamines, and copper suggests that neurodegenerative disorders may occur and develop once the built-in equilibrium is disrupted and brings new insight into developing more effective prevention and treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Sackner-Bernstein J. Estimates of Intracellular Dopamine in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:1011-1018. [PMID: 34024786 PMCID: PMC8461729 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The hallmark of Parkinson’s disease is depletion of dopamine in the basal ganglia. Models of Parkinson’s disease include dopamine as a contributor to disease progression. However, intraneuronal levels of dopamine have not been reported. Objective: Meta-analytic methods were utilized to determine intracellular dopamine levels in Parkinson’s disease. Methods: A systematic review of the literature and frequentist meta-analyses were performed. Dopamine levels were scaled for cell and axon numbers as well as VMAT2 protein levels. Results: Reduced tissue dopamine, dopaminergic cell bodies and VMAT2 protein were confirmed. The ratio of Parkinson’s to normal brain intracellular dopamine scaled for either cell or axon number, each with VMAT2 level in the caudate ranged from 1.49 to 1.87 (p = 0.51 and p = 0.12, respectively) and in the putamen from 0.75 to 4.61 (p = 0.40 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Free, intracellular dopamine levels are not reduced in Parkinson’s disease compared to normals to a similar degree as are total tissue concentrations, supporting the relevance of modulating VMAT2, neuromelanin and/or dopamine synthesis as rational neuroprotective strategies.
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Goldstein DS. The Catecholaldehyde Hypothesis for the Pathogenesis of Catecholaminergic Neurodegeneration: What We Know and What We Do Not Know. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115999. [PMID: 34206133 PMCID: PMC8199574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) is the focus of the catecholaldehyde hypothesis for the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and other Lewy body diseases. The catecholaldehyde is produced via oxidative deamination catalyzed by monoamine oxidase (MAO) acting on cytoplasmic dopamine. DOPAL is autotoxic, in that it can harm the same cells in which it is produced. Normally, DOPAL is detoxified by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-mediated conversion to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), which rapidly exits the neurons. Genetic, environmental, or drug-induced manipulations of ALDH that build up DOPAL promote catecholaminergic neurodegeneration. A concept derived from the catecholaldehyde hypothesis imputes deleterious interactions between DOPAL and the protein alpha-synuclein (αS), a major component of Lewy bodies. DOPAL potently oligomerizes αS, and αS oligomers impede vesicular and mitochondrial functions, shifting the fate of cytoplasmic dopamine toward the MAO-catalyzed formation of DOPAL—destabilizing vicious cycles. Direct and indirect effects of DOPAL and of DOPAL-induced misfolded proteins could “freeze” intraneuronal reactions, plasticity of which is required for neuronal homeostasis. The extent to which DOPAL toxicity is mediated by interactions with αS, and vice versa, is poorly understood. Because of numerous secondary effects such as augmented spontaneous oxidation of dopamine by MAO inhibition, there has been insufficient testing of the catecholaldehyde hypothesis in animal models. The clinical pathophysiological significance of genetics, emotional stress, environmental agents, and interactions with numerous proteins relevant to the catecholaldehyde hypothesis are matters for future research. The imposing complexity of intraneuronal catecholamine metabolism seems to require a computational modeling approach to elucidate clinical pathogenetic mechanisms and devise pathophysiology-based, individualized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Goldstein
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Awasthi AK, Gupta S, Namdev KR, Banerjee A, Srivastava A. Polydopamine and dopamine interfere with tetrazolium-based cytotoxicity assays and produce exaggerated cytocompatibility inferences. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3300-3305. [PMID: 33870966 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00140j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tetrazolium-based assays such as the MTT assay have been commonly employed in evaluating biocompatibility. Here, we show that PDA (or its precursor dopamine (DA)) spontaneously reduces MTT and produces exaggerated cytocompatibility inferences. The extent of interference depends on the method of DA polymerization. We observed that the trypan blue exclusion assay allowed more accurate determination of cell viability in the presence of DA- and PDA-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Awasthi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhopal - 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Sakshi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhopal - 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Kavthekar Rupesh Namdev
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhopal - 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Aditi Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhopal - 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Aasheesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhopal - 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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7
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Li Y, Li Y, Wang H, Liu R. Yb 3+, Er 3+ Codoped Cerium Oxide Upconversion Nanoparticles Enhanced the Enzymelike Catalytic Activity and Antioxidative Activity for Parkinson's Disease Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13968-13977. [PMID: 33739810 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is considered a therapeutic target for PD. However, most therapeutic antioxidants show limitations due to their low reactive oxygen species (ROS) catalytic properties and low crossing of blood-brain barrier. Herein, the antioxidative activity of Yb3+ and Er3+ double-doped CeO2-x (Yb/Er/CeO2-x) upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is obtained for PD treatment. Doping of Yb3+ and Er3+ ions increases oxygen vacancies, which leads to higher enzymelike catalytic activities compared to CeO2-x nanoparticles alone. Tyrosine hydroxylase protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in substantia nigra and striatum as well as the open-field activity test indicates that Yb/Er/CeO2-x is effective for treatment of PD. The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity increase and the production of ROS decreases with Yb/Er/CeO2-x UCNP treatment compared with MPTP-induced injury. This indicates that the mechanism of PD treatment is to catalyze ROS products. There have been no reports to date on the usage of Yb/Er/CeO2-x as an antioxidant for PD treatment. Yb/Er/CeO2-x UCNPs cross the blood-brain barrier and exhibit biocompatibility and antioxidant catalytic properties, which decrease the ROS and effectively help in treating PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemei Li
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, No.2999 Jinshan Road, Huli District, Xiamen, Fujian 361012, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, No.6 Huanrui North Road, Ruijing Street, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Haoming Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Riyue Liu
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, No.2999 Jinshan Road, Huli District, Xiamen, Fujian 361012, China
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Araujo-Silva H, Leite-Ferreira ME, Luchiari AC. Behavioral Screening of Alcohol Effects and Individual Differences in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:591-597. [PMID: 32533153 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To better understand the individual differences that make up a population, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different alcoholic concentrations on the behavioral profiles of zebrafish (Danio rerio). METHODS For this purpose, adult animals were separated into two behavioral profiles: bold and shy, according to the emergence order. Bold and shy fish were individually tested for exploration after exposure to the drug. Acute exposure treatments were alcohol 0.00, 0.10, 0.25 and 0.50%. The behavioral parameters evaluated were speed while moving, maximum speed, total distance traveled and distance from the bottom of the tank. RESULTS For the groups that did not receive alcohol, bold animals showed higher speed while moving. Shy 0.00% and shy 0.10% had the highest maximum speed compared with other concentrations and profiles. For the distance from the bottom tank, our results showed that the increase induced by the low acute dose (0.10%) was observed for both profiles. CONCLUSIONS Our results corroborate with previous findings that alcohol affects the behavioral profiles of zebrafish differently, with bold animals apparently more resistant to these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloysa Araujo-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Leite-Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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García-Soriano D, Amaro R, Lafuente-Gómez N, Milán-Rois P, Somoza Á, Navío C, Herranz F, Gutiérrez L, Salas G. The influence of cation incorporation and leaching in the properties of Mn-doped nanoparticles for biomedical applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 578:510-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Silva J, Alves C, Pinteus S, Mendes S, Pedrosa R. Seaweeds' neuroprotective potential set in vitro on a human cellular stress model. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 473:229-238. [PMID: 32656679 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, represent a biggest challenge for medicine, imposing high social and economic impacts. As a result, it is of utmost importance to develop new therapeutic strategies. The present work evaluated the neuroprotective potential of seaweeds extracts on an in vitro dopamine (DA)-induced neurotoxicity cellular model. The neuroprotective effects on SH-SY5Y cells' viability were estimated by the MTT assay. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase-3 activity, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production were determined. DA (30-3000 µM; 24 h) treatment decreased SH-SY5Y cells' viability in concentration and time-dependent manner, increasing the H2O2 production, MMP depolarization, and caspase-3 activity. On the other hand, DA (1000 µM; 24 h) toxicity was reduced (10-15%) with Sargassum muticum and Codium tomentosum extracts (1000 µg/mL; 24 h). The highest neuroprotective activity was exhibited by a methanolic extract obtained from Saccorhiza polyschides, which completely blunted DA effects. Results show that the marine seaweed S. polyschides contain substances with high neuroprotective potential against the toxicity induced by DA, exhibiting anti-apoptotic effects associated with both mitochondrial protection and caspase-3 inhibition. S. polyschides reveals, therefore, to be an excellent source of bioactive molecules, for new drugs development aiming PD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Silva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630, Peniche, Portugal.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Susana Mendes
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630, Peniche, Portugal
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Momtaz S, Memariani Z, El-Senduny FF, Sanadgol N, Golab F, Katebi M, Abdolghaffari AH, Farzaei MH, Abdollahi M. Targeting Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway by Natural Products: Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:361. [PMID: 32411012 PMCID: PMC7199656 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolded proteins are the main common feature of neurodegenerative diseases, thereby, normal proteostasis is an important mechanism to regulate the neural survival and the central nervous system functionality. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a non-lysosomal proteolytic pathway involved in numerous normal functions of the nervous system, modulation of neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and recycling of membrane receptors or degradation of damaged and regulatory intracellular proteins. Aberrant accumulation of intracellular ubiquitin-positive inclusions has been implicated to a variety of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington disease (HD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Multiple Myeloma (MM). Genetic mutation in deubiquitinating enzyme could disrupt UPS and results in destructive effects on neuron survival. To date, various agents were characterized with proteasome-inhibitory potential. Proteins of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and in particular, E3 ubiquitin ligases, may be promising molecular targets for neurodegenerative drug discovery. Phytochemicals, specifically polyphenols (PPs), were reported to act as proteasome-inhibitors or may modulate the proteasome activity. PPs modify the UPS by means of accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, suppression of neuronal apoptosis, reduction of neurotoxicity, and improvement of synaptic plasticity and transmission. This is the first comprehensive review on the effect of PPs on UPS. Here, we review the recent findings describing various aspects of UPS dysregulation in neurodegenerative disorders. This review attempts to summarize the latest reports on the neuroprotective properties involved in the proper functioning of natural polyphenolic compounds with implication for targeting ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in the neurodegenerative diseases. We highlight the evidence suggesting that polyphenolic compounds have a dose and disorder dependent effects in improving neurological dysfunctions, and so their mechanism of action could stimulate the UPS, induce the protein degradation or inhibit UPS and reduce protein degradation. Future studies should focus on molecular mechanisms by which PPs can interfere this complex regulatory system at specific stages of the disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Katebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Goldstein DS. The catecholaldehyde hypothesis: where MAO fits in. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:169-177. [PMID: 31807952 PMCID: PMC10680281 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) plays a central role in the metabolism of the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This brief review focuses on 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), which is the immediate product of MAO acting on cytoplasmic dopamine. DOPAL is toxic; however, normally DOPAL is converted via aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), which rapidly exits the neurons. In addition to vesicular uptake of dopamine via the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), the two-enzyme sequence of MAO and ALDH keeps cytoplasmic dopamine levels low. Dopamine oxidizes readily to form toxic products that could threaten neuronal homeostasis. The catecholaldehyde hypothesis posits that diseases featuring catecholaminergic neurodegeneration result from harmful interactions between DOPAL and the protein alpha-synuclein, a major component of Lewy bodies in diseases such as Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and pure autonomic failure. DOPAL potently oligomerizes alpha-synuclein, and alpha-synuclein oligomers impede vesicular functions, shifting the fate of cytoplasmic dopamine toward MAO-catalyzed formation of DOPAL-a vicious cycle. When MAO deaminates dopamine to form DOPAL, hydrogen peroxide is generated; and DOPAL, hydrogen peroxide, and divalent metal cations react to form hydroxyl radicals, which peroxidate lipid membranes. Lipid peroxidation products in turn inhibit ALDH, causing DOPAL to accumulate-another vicious cycle. MAO inhibition decreases DOPAL formation but concurrently increases the spontaneous oxidation of dopamine, potentially trading off one form of toxicity for another. These considerations rationalize a neuroprotection strategy based on concurrent treatment with an MAO inhibitor and an anti-oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Goldstein
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological, Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike MSC-1620, Building 10 Room 8N260, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1620, USA.
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13
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Jinsmaa Y, Isonaka R, Sharabi Y, Goldstein DS. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde Is More Efficient than Dopamine in Oligomerizing and Quinonizing α-Synuclein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:157-165. [PMID: 31744850 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.262246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lewy body diseases such as Parkinson's disease involve intraneuronal deposition of the protein α-synuclein (AS) and depletion of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA). Interactions of AS with DA oxidation products may link these neurohistopathologic and neurochemical abnormalities via two potential pathways: spontaneous oxidation of DA to dopamine-quinone and enzymatic oxidation of DA catalyzed by monoamine oxidase to form 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), which is then oxidized to DOPAL-Q. We compared these two pathways in terms of the ability of DA and DOPAL to modify AS. DOPAL was far more potent than DA both in oligomerizing and forming quinone-protein adducts with (quinonizing) AS. The DOPAL-induced protein modifications were enhanced similarly by pro-oxidation with Cu(II) or tyrosinase and inhibited similarly by antioxidation with N-acetylcysteine. Dopamine oxidation evoked by Cu(II) or tyrosinase did not quinonize AS. In cultured MO3.13 human oligodendrocytes DOPAL resulted in the formation of numerous intracellular quinoproteins that were visualized by near-infrared spectroscopy. We conclude that of the two routes by which oxidation of DA modifies AS and other proteins the route via DOPAL is more prominent. The results support developing experimental therapeutic strategies that might mitigate deleterious modifications of proteins such as AS in Lewy body diseases by targeting DOPAL formation and oxidation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Interactions of the protein α-synuclein with products of dopamine oxidation in the neuronal cytoplasm may link two hallmark abnormalities of Parkinson disease: Lewy bodies (which contain abundant AS) and nigrostriatal DA depletion (which produces the characteristic movement disorder). Of the two potential routes by which DA oxidation may alter AS and other proteins, the route via the autotoxic catecholaldehyde 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde is more prominent; the results support experimental therapeutic strategies targeting DOPAL formation and DOPAL-induced protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunden Jinsmaa
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neuroscience Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.J., R.I., D.S.G.); and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.S.)
| | - Risa Isonaka
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neuroscience Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.J., R.I., D.S.G.); and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.S.)
| | - Yehonatan Sharabi
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neuroscience Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.J., R.I., D.S.G.); and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.S.)
| | - David S Goldstein
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neuroscience Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.J., R.I., D.S.G.); and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.S.)
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14
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Biosa A, De Lazzari F, Masato A, Filograna R, Plotegher N, Beltramini M, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M. Superoxide Dismutases SOD1 and SOD2 Rescue the Toxic Effect of Dopamine-Derived Products in Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:746-755. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Ganguly U, Ganguly A, Sen O, Ganguly G, Cappai R, Sahoo A, Chakrabarti S. Dopamine Cytotoxicity on SH-SY5Y Cells: Involvement of α-Synuclein and Relevance in the Neurodegeneration of Sporadic Parkinson’s Disease. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:898-907. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-0001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mohite GM, Navalkar A, Kumar R, Mehra S, Das S, Gadhe LG, Ghosh D, Alias B, Chandrawanshi V, Ramakrishnan A, Mehra S, Maji SK. The Familial α-Synuclein A53E Mutation Enhances Cell Death in Response to Environmental Toxins Due to a Larger Population of Oligomers. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5014-5028. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh M. Mohite
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Ambuja Navalkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Surabhi Mehra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Subhadeep Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
- IITB-Monash Research Academy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Laxmikant G. Gadhe
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Dhiman Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Basil Alias
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Vikas Chandrawanshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Aishwarya Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Sarika Mehra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Samir K. Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
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Jinsmaa Y, Sharabi Y, Sullivan P, Isonaka R, Goldstein DS. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde-Induced Protein Modifications and Their Mitigation by N-Acetylcysteine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:113-124. [PMID: 29700232 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.248492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The catecholaldehyde hypothesis posits that 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), an obligate intermediary metabolite of dopamine, is an autotoxin that challenges neuronal homeostasis in catecholaminergic neurons. DOPAL toxicity may involve protein modifications, such as oligomerization of α-synuclein (AS). Potential interactions between DOPAL and other proteins related to catecholaminergic neurodegeneration, however, have not been systemically explored. This study examined DOPAL-induced protein-quinone adduct formation ("quinonization") and protein oligomerization, ubiquitination, and aggregation in cultured MO3.13 human oligodendrocytes and PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells and in test tube experiments. Using near-infrared fluorescence spectroscopy, we detected spontaneous DOPAL oxidation to DOPAL-quinone, DOPAL-induced quinonization of intracellular proteins in both cell lines, and DOPAL-induced quinonization of several proteins related to catecholaminergic neurodegeneration, including AS, the type 2 vesicular monoamine transporter, glucocerebrosidase, ubiquitin, and l-aromatic-amino-acid decarboxylase (LAAAD). DOPAL also oligomerized AS, ubiquitin, and LAAAD; inactivated LAAAD (IC50 54 μM); evoked substantial intracellular protein ubiquitination; and aggregated intracellular AS. Remarkably, N-acetylcysteine, which decreases DOPAL-quinone formation, attenuated or prevented all of these protein modifications and functional changes. The results fit with the proposal that treatments based on decreasing the formation and oxidation of DOPAL may slow or prevent catecholaminergic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunden Jinsmaa
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program/Division of Intramural Research/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.J., Y.S., P.S., R.I., D.S.G.), and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.S.)
| | - Yehonatan Sharabi
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program/Division of Intramural Research/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.J., Y.S., P.S., R.I., D.S.G.), and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.S.)
| | - Patti Sullivan
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program/Division of Intramural Research/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.J., Y.S., P.S., R.I., D.S.G.), and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.S.)
| | - Risa Isonaka
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program/Division of Intramural Research/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.J., Y.S., P.S., R.I., D.S.G.), and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.S.)
| | - David S Goldstein
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program/Division of Intramural Research/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (Y.J., Y.S., P.S., R.I., D.S.G.), and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (Y.S.)
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18
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Strobbe D, Robinson AA, Harvey K, Rossi L, Ferraina C, de Biase V, Rodolfo C, Harvey RJ, Campanella M. Distinct Mechanisms of Pathogenic DJ-1 Mutations in Mitochondrial Quality Control. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:68. [PMID: 29599708 PMCID: PMC5862874 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The deglycase and chaperone protein DJ-1 is pivotal for cellular oxidative stress responses and mitochondrial quality control. Mutations in PARK7, encoding DJ-1, are associated with early-onset familial Parkinson's disease and lead to pathological oxidative stress and/or disrupted protein degradation by the proteasome. The aim of this study was to gain insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of selected DJ-1 missense mutations, by characterizing protein-protein interactions, core parameters of mitochondrial function, quality control regulation via autophagy, and cellular death following dopamine accumulation. We report that the DJ-1M26I mutant influences DJ-1 interactions with SUMO-1, in turn enhancing removal of mitochondria and conferring increased cellular susceptibility to dopamine toxicity. By contrast, the DJ-1D149A mutant does not influence mitophagy, but instead impairs Ca2+ dynamics and free radical homeostasis by disrupting DJ-1 interactions with a mitochondrial accessory protein known as DJ-1-binding protein (DJBP/EFCAB6). Thus, individual DJ-1 mutations have different effects on mitochondrial function and quality control, implying mutation-specific pathomechanisms converging on impaired mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Strobbe
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexis A. Robinson
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lara Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Ferraina
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio de Biase
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Rodolfo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert J. Harvey
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Wang H, Tang C, Jiang Z, Zhou X, Chen J, Na M, Shen H, Lin Z. Glutamine promotes Hsp70 and inhibits α-Synuclein accumulation in pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1253-1259. [PMID: 28810585 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 regulates α-Synuclein (α-Syn) degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD), indicating that Hsp70 promotion may be able to prevent or reverse α-Syn-induced toxicity in PD. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that glutamine (Gln) enhances Hsp70 expression. In the present study, Gln-induced Hsp70 promotion in pheochromocytoma was investigated with reverse transcription- quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting methods. Then it was observed whether heat shock factor (HSF)-1 was required for this phenomenon with an RNA interference strategy. The regulatory role of Gln on α-Syn degeneration was also determined in the α-Syn-overexpressed PC12 [PC12 (α-Syn+)] cells, which were treated with or without the proteasomal inhibitor lactacystin (Lac). The results demonstrated that treatment with ≥10 mM Gln significantly increased Hsp70 mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05) and that this promotion was HSF-1-dependent, as HSF-1 knockout with HSF-1-specific small interfering RNA abrogated Hsp70 promotion in PC12 (α-Syn+) cells. Furthermore, Gln treatment markedly upregulated α-Syn degeneration in PC12 (α-Syn+) cells, which was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the presence of Lac. Therefore, the present study suggests that Gln is able to induce the promotion of Hsp70 expression in PC12 cells in an HSF-1-dependent manner and that Gln-mediated Hsp70 promotion may increase α-Syn degradation even in the presence of proteasomal inhibitor. Thus, glutamine may be a potential therapeutic agent to prevent α-Syn aggregation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Chongyang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jianhang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Meng Na
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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20
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Maser T, Rich M, Hayes D, Zhao P, Nagulapally AB, Bond J, Saulnier Sholler G. Tolcapone induces oxidative stress leading to apoptosis and inhibition of tumor growth in Neuroblastoma. Cancer Med 2017; 6:1341-1352. [PMID: 28429453 PMCID: PMC5463066 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) is an enzyme that inactivates dopamine and other catecholamines by O‐methylation. Tolcapone, a drug commonly used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, is a potent inhibitor of COMT and previous studies indicate that Tolcapone increases the bioavailability of dopamine in cells. In this study, we demonstrate that Tolcapone kills neuroblastoma (NB) cells in preclinical models by inhibition of COMT. Treating four established NB cells lines (SMS‐KCNR, SH‐SY5Y, BE(2)‐C, CHLA‐90) and two primary NB cell lines with Tolcapone for 48 h decreased cell viability in a dose‐dependent manner, with IncuCyte imaging and Western blotting indicating that cell death was due to caspase‐3‐mediated apoptosis. Tolcapone also increased ROS while simultaneously decreasing ATP‐per‐cell in NB cells. Additionally, COMT was inhibited by siRNA in NB cells and showed similar increases in apoptotic markers compared to Tolcapone. In vivo xenograft models displayed inhibition of tumor growth and a significant decrease in time‐to‐event in mice treated with Tolcapone compared to untreated mice. These results indicate that Tolcapone is cytotoxic to neuroblastoma cells and invite further studies into Tolcapone as a promising novel therapy for the treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Maser
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research Program, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Maria Rich
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research Program, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - David Hayes
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research Program, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Ping Zhao
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research Program, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Abhinav B Nagulapally
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research Program, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey Bond
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research Program, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Giselle Saulnier Sholler
- Pediatric Oncology Translational Research Program, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan.,College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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21
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Tagliafierro L, Chiba-Falek O. Up-regulation of SNCA gene expression: implications to synucleinopathies. Neurogenetics 2016; 17:145-57. [PMID: 26948950 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-016-0478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases that share a common pathological lesion of intracellular protein inclusions largely composed by aggregates of alpha-synuclein protein. Accumulating evidence, including genome wide association studies, has implicated alpha-synuclein (SNCA) gene in the etiology of synucleinopathies. However, the precise variants within SNCA gene that contribute to the sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and other synucleinopathies and their molecular mechanisms of action remain elusive. It has been suggested that SNCA expression levels are critical for the development of these diseases. Here, we review several model systems that have been developed to advance the understanding of the role of SNCA expression levels in the etiology of synucleinopathies. We also describe different molecular mechanisms that regulate SNCA gene expression and discuss possible strategies for SNCA down-regulation as means for therapeutic approaches. Finally, we highlight some examples that underscore the relationships between the genetic association findings and the regulatory mechanisms of SNCA expression, which suggest that genetic variability in SNCA locus is directly responsible, at least in part, to the changes in gene expression and explain the reported associations of SNCA with synucleinopathies. Future studies utilizing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived neuronal lines and genome editing by CRISPR/Cas9, will allow us to validate, characterize, and manipulate the effects of particular cis-genetic variants on SNCA expression. Moreover, this model system will enable us to compare different neuronal and glial lineages involved in synucleinopathies representing an attractive strategy to elucidate-common and specific-SNCA-genetic variants, regulatory mechanisms, and vulnerable expression levels underlying synucleinopathy spectrum disorders. This forthcoming knowledge will support the development of precision medicine for synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tagliafierro
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - O Chiba-Falek
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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22
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Banerjee K, Munshi S, Xu H, Frank DE, Chen HL, Chu CT, Yang J, Cho S, Kagan VE, Denton TT, Tyurina YY, Jiang JF, Gibson GE. Mild mitochondrial metabolic deficits by α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase inhibition cause prominent changes in intracellular autophagic signaling: Potential role in the pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2016; 96:32-45. [PMID: 26923918 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain activities of the mitochondrial enzyme α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) are reduced in Alzheimer's disease and other age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The goal of the present study was to test the consequences of mild impairment of KGDHC on the structure, protein signaling and dynamics (mitophagy, fusion, fission, biogenesis) of the mitochondria. Inhibition of KGDHC reduced its in situ activity by 23-53% in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, but neither altered the mitochondrial membrane potential nor the ATP levels at any tested time-points. The attenuated KGDHC activity increased translocation of dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1) and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) from the cytosol to the mitochondria, and promoted mitochondrial cytochrome c release. Inhibition of KGDHC also increased the negative surface charges (anionic phospholipids as assessed by Annexin V binding) on the mitochondria. Morphological assessments of the mitochondria revealed increased fission and mitophagy. Taken together, our results suggest the existence of the regulation of the mitochondrial dynamism including fission and fusion by the mitochondrial KGDHC activity via the involvement of the cytosolic and mitochondrial protein signaling molecules. A better understanding of the link among mild impairment of metabolism, induction of mitophagy/autophagy and altered protein signaling will help to identify new mechanisms of neurodegeneration and reveal potential new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpita Banerjee
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Soumyabrata Munshi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - David E Frank
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Huan-Lian Chen
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of Pathology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jiwon Yang
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Sunghee Cho
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Travis T Denton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jian Fei Jiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Gary E Gibson
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
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23
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Choi J, Polcher A, Joas A. Systematic literature review on Parkinson's disease and Childhood Leukaemia and mode of actions for pesticides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.en-955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Pereira RB, Andrade PB, Valentão P. A Comprehensive View of the Neurotoxicity Mechanisms of Cocaine and Ethanol. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:253-67. [PMID: 26105693 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorder is an emerging problem concerning to human health, causing severe side effects, including neurotoxicity. The use of illegal drugs and the misuse of prescription or over-the-counter drugs are growing in this century, being one of the major public health problems. Ethanol and cocaine are one of the most frequently used drugs and, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, their concurrent consumption is one of the major causes for emergency hospital room visits. These molecules act in the brain through different mechanisms, altering the nervous system function. Researchers have focused the attention not just in the mechanism of action of these drugs, but also in the mechanism by which they damage the nervous tissue (neurotoxicity). Therefore, the goal of the present review is to provide a global perspective about the mechanisms of the neurotoxicity of cocaine and ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato B Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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25
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Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease: Relation to Autophagy/Mitophagy and Therapeutic Approaches. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:2557-69. [PMID: 26077923 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diminished glucose metabolism accompanies many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. An understanding of the relation of these metabolic changes to the disease will enable development of novel therapeutic strategies. Following a metabolic challenge, cells generally conserve energy to preserve viability. This requires activation of many cellular repair/regenerative processes such as mitophagy/autophagy and fusion/fission. These responses may diminish cell function in the long term. Prolonged fission induces mitophagy/autophagy which promotes repair but if prolonged progresses to mitochondrial degradation. Abnormal glucose metabolism alters protein signaling including the release of proteins from the mitochondria or migration of proteins from the cytosol to the mitochondria or nucleus. This overview provides an insight into the different mechanisms of autophagy/mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in response to the diminished metabolism that occurs with diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The review discusses multiple aspects of mitochondrial responses including different signaling proteins and pathways of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Improving cellular bioenergetics and mitochondrial dynamics will alter protein signaling and improve cellular/mitochondrial repair and regeneration. An understanding of these changes will suggest new therapeutic strategies.
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26
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Wang R, Zhao J, Zhang J, Liu W, Zhao M, Li J, Lv J, Li Y. Effect of lysosomal and ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction on the abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein in PC12 cells. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:2088-2094. [PMID: 26136940 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lysosomal and ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction on the abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein, and to analyze its role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). PC12 cells subjected to nerve growth factor-induced differentiation were used as the cell model to study the dopaminergic neurons, and the lysosomal and proteasomal inhibitors trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-(4-guanidino) butane (E64) and, respectively, were used exclusively and in combination to treat the PC12 cells. The viability and metabolic state of the cells was assessed using the MTT assay; flow cytometry was used to measure the rate of cell apoptosis; and the double immunofluorescence method was applied to observe the formation of thioflavin S- and α-synuclein protein-positive aggregates and inclusion bodies in the PC12 cells. In addition, the Hoechst 33258 staining method was used to observe the apoptosis of the α-synuclein protein and thioflavin-S double-labeled cells. Following the administration of the lysosomal and proteasomal pathway inhibitors, the cell viability decreased in a concentration-dependent manner and the cell apoptosis rate increased. The proportion of PC12 cells with α-synuclein protein-positive aggregates and inclusion bodies in the E64 group was 7.94%, compared with 20.33 and 36.77% in the lactacystin and combination treatment groups, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the number of inclusion body-positive cells in the treatment groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (3.78%) (P<0.05). Apoptosis was evident in the double-positive cells with α-synuclein protein-positive inclusion bodies (17.29±1.54%). In conclusion, lysosomal and proteasomal dysfunction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD through the induction of abnormal α-synuclein protein aggregation in dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Meiying Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Juan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, P.R. China
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27
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Bir A, Sen O, Anand S, Khemka VK, Banerjee P, Cappai R, Sahoo A, Chakrabarti S. α-Synuclein-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in isolated preparation and intact cells: implications in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2014; 131:868-77. [PMID: 25319443 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study has shown that purified recombinant human α-synuclein (20 μM) causes membrane depolarization and loss of phosphorylation capacity of isolated purified rat brain mitochondria by activating permeability transition pore complex. In intact SHSY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) cells, lactacystin (5 μM), a proteasomal inhibitor, causes an accumulation of α-synuclein with concomitant mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. The effects of lactacystin on intact SHSY5Y cells are, however, prevented by knocking down α-synuclein expression by specific siRNA. Furthermore, in wild-type (non-transfected) SHSY5Y cells, the effects of lactacystin on mitochondrial function and cell viability are also prevented by cyclosporin A (1 μM) which blocks the activity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Likewise, in wild-type SHSY5Y cells, typical mitochondrial poison like antimycin A (50 nM) produces loss of cell viability comparable to that of lactacystin (5 μM). These data, in combination with those from isolated brain mitochondria, strongly suggest that intracellularly accumulated α-synuclein can interact with mitochondria in intact SHSY5Y cells causing dysfunction of the organelle which drives the cell death under our experimental conditions. The results have clear implications in the pathogenesis of sporadic Parkinson's disease. α-Synuclein is shown to cause mitochondrial impairment through interaction with permeability transition pore complex in isolated preparations. Intracellular accumulation of α-synuclein in SHSY5Y cells following proteasomal inhibition leads to mitochondrial impairment and cell death which could be prevented by knocking down α-synuclein gene. The results link mitochondrial dysfunction and α-synuclein accumulation, two key pathogenic mechanisms of Parkinson's disease, in a common damage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritri Bir
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
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