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Drobyshev E, Raschke S, Glabonjat RA, Bornhorst J, Ebert F, Kuehnelt D, Schwerdtle T. Capabilities of selenoneine to cross the in vitro blood-brain barrier model. Metallomics 2020; 13:6045545. [PMID: 33570138 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring selenoneine (SeN), the selenium analogue of the sulfur-containing antioxidant ergothioneine, can be found in high abundance in several marine fish species. However, data on biological properties of SeN and its relevance for human health are still scarce. This study aims to investigate the transfer and presystemic metabolism of SeN in a well-established in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, SeN and the reference Se species selenite and Se-methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) were applied to primary porcine brain capillary endothelial cells (PBCECs). Se content of culture media and cell lysates was measured via ICP-MS/MS. Speciation analysis was conducted by HPLC-ICP-MS. Barrier integrity was shown to be unaffected during transfer experiments. SeN demonstrated the lowest transfer rates and permeability coefficient (6.7 × 10-7 cm s-1) in comparison to selenite and MeSeCys. No side-directed accumulation was observed after both-sided application of SeN. However, concentration-dependent transfer of SeN indicated possible presence of transporters on both sides of the barrier. Speciation analysis demonstrated no methylation of SeN by the PBCECs. Several derivatives of SeN detected in the media of the BBB model were also found in cell-free media containing SeN and hence not considered to be true metabolites of the PBCECs. In concluding, SeN is likely to have a slow transfer rate to the brain and not being metabolized by the brain endothelial cells. Since this study demonstrates that SeN may reach the brain tissue, further studies are needed to investigate possible health-promoting effects of SeN in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Drobyshev
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Stefanie Raschke
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ronald A Glabonjat
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany.,Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Franziska Ebert
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Doris Kuehnelt
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany.,German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Rohn I, Marschall TA, Kroepfl N, Jensen KB, Aschner M, Tuck S, Kuehnelt D, Schwerdtle T, Bornhorst J. Selenium species-dependent toxicity, bioavailability and metabolic transformations in Caenorhabditis elegans. Metallomics 2019; 10:818-827. [PMID: 29770420 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00066b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The essential micronutrient selenium (Se) is required for various systemic functions, but its beneficial range is narrow and overexposure may result in adverse health effects. Additionally, the chemical form of the ingested selenium contributes crucially to its health effects. While small Se species play a major role in Se metabolism, their toxicological effects, bioavailability and metabolic transformations following elevated uptake are poorly understood. Utilizing the tractable invertebrate Caenorhabditis elegans allowed for an alternative approach to study species-specific characteristics of organic and inorganic Se forms in vivo, revealing remarkable species-dependent differences in the toxicity and bioavailability of selenite, selenomethionine (SeMet) and Se-methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys). An inverse relationship was found between toxicity and bioavailability of the Se species, with the organic species displaying a higher bioavailability than the inorganic form, yet being less toxic. Quantitative Se speciation analysis with HPLC/mass spectrometry revealed a partial metabolism of SeMet and MeSeCys. In SeMet exposed worms, identified metabolites were Se-adenosylselenomethionine (AdoSeMet) and Se-adenosylselenohomocysteine (AdoSeHcy), while worms exposed to MeSeCys produced Se-methylselenoglutathione (MeSeGSH) and γ-glutamyl-MeSeCys (γ-Glu-MeSeCys). Moreover, the possible role of the sole selenoprotein in the nematode, thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR-1), was studied comparing wildtype and trxr-1 deletion mutants. Although a lower basal Se level was detected in trxr-1 mutants, Se toxicity and bioavailability following acute exposure was indistinguishable from wildtype worms. Altogether, the current study demonstrates the suitability of C. elegans as a model for Se species dependent toxicity and metabolism, while further research is needed to elucidate TrxR-1 function in the nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Rohn
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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Rohn I, Kroepfl N, Bornhorst J, Kuehnelt D, Schwerdtle T. Side‐Directed Transfer and Presystemic Metabolism of Selenoneine in a Human Intestinal Barrier Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900080. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Rohn
- Institute of Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Potsdam 14558 Nuthetal Germany
| | - Nina Kroepfl
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical ChemistryNAWI GrazUniversity of Graz 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Institute of Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Potsdam 14558 Nuthetal Germany
- TraceAge – DFG Research Unit FOR 2558Berlin‐Potsdam‐Jena Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of Wuppertal 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Doris Kuehnelt
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical ChemistryNAWI GrazUniversity of Graz 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Potsdam 14558 Nuthetal Germany
- TraceAge – DFG Research Unit FOR 2558Berlin‐Potsdam‐Jena Germany
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Wang Q, Sun LC, Liu YQ, Lu JX, Han F, Huang ZW. The Synergistic Effect of Serine with Selenocompounds on the Expression of SelP and GPx in HepG2 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:291-6. [PMID: 26944060 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We explored the synergistic effect of serine combined with several selenocompounds or used alone on the expression of selenoprotein P (SelP) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in this study. We first compared the SelP and GPx expression difference between HepG2 and Hela cells treated with serine and finally chose HepG2 as experimental cell. In the serine-used-alone experiment, three kinds of selenium nutritional models (low-, adequate-, and high-selenium) were established and serine was 10 times gradient diluted (0.01 to 100 μmol/L). In the combined experiment, the selenocompound doses were set as 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μmol Se/L and serine was set according to its molar ratio with the selenocompounds. We found that SelP and GPx concentrations in the low-, adequate-, and high-selenium models increased following with serine dose. When the concentration of sodium selenite and SeMet was 1 μmol Se/L while MeSeCys was 0.1 and 1 μmol Se/L, SelP concentrations for serine combined with selenocompounds groups were significantly higher than that of selenocompounds used alone. When the concentration of sodium selenite was 0.1 μmol Se/L, SeMet was 0.1 and 1 μmol Se/L while MeSeCys was 0.01 and 1 μmol Se/L, GPx concentrations for serine combined with selenocompounds groups were significantly higher than that of selenocompounds used alone. Our preliminary result indicated the beneficial effect of serine on the expression of SelP and GPx, which suggested that it might be a candidate for combined selenium supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li-Cui Sun
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yi-Qun Liu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jia-Xi Lu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Feng Han
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhen-Wu Huang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Marschall TA, Bornhorst J, Kuehnelt D, Schwerdtle T. Differing cytotoxicity and bioavailability of selenite, methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, selenosugar 1 and trimethylselenonium ion and their underlying metabolic transformations in human cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2622-2632. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Institute of Nutritional Science; University of Potsdam; Nuthetal Germany
| | - Doris Kuehnelt
- Institute of Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry; University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science; University of Potsdam; Nuthetal Germany
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