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Zhu WW, Wang SR, Liu ZH, Cao YJ, Wang F, Wang J, Liu CF, Xie Y, Xie Y, Zhang YL. Gly[14]-humanin inhibits ox-LDL uptake and stimulates cholesterol efflux in macrophage-derived foam cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:93-99. [PMID: 27815075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Foam cell formation, which is caused by imbalanced cholesterol influx and efflux by macrophages, plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Humanin (HN), a mitochondria-derived peptide, can prevent the production of reactive oxygen species and death of human aortic endothelial cells exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and has a protective effect on patients with in early atherosclerosis. However, the effects of HN on the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in RAW 264.7 macrophages are still unknown. This study was designed to investigate the role of [Gly14]-humanin (HNG) in lipid uptake and cholesterol efflux in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Flow cytometry and live cell imaging results showed that HNG reduced Dil-ox-LDL accumulation in the RAW 264.7 macrophages. A similar result was obtained for lipid accumulation by measuring cellular cholesterol content. Western blot analysis showed that ox-LDL treatment upregulated not only the protein expression of CD36 and LOX-1, which mediate ox-LDL endocytosis, but also ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter A1 and ABCG1, which mediate ox-LDL exflux. HNG pretreatment inhibited the upregulation of CD36 and LOX-1 levels, prompting the upregulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 levels induced by ox-LDL. Therefore we concluded that HNG could inhibit ox-LDL-induced macrophage-derived foam cell formation, which occurs because of a decrease in lipid uptake and an increase in cholesterol efflux from macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wa-Wa Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Shu-Rong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yong-Jun Cao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
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Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Sobenin IA, Bobryshev YV. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: development, functions, and role in atherosclerotic inflammation. Front Physiol 2014; 5:279. [PMID: 25120492 PMCID: PMC4110479 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a specialized subset of DCs that links innate and adaptive immunity. They sense viral and bacterial pathogens and release high levels of Type I interferons (IFN-I) in response to infection. pDCs were shown to contribute to inflammatory responses in the steady state and in pathology. In atherosclerosis, pDCs are involved in priming vascular inflammation and atherogenesis through production of IFN-I and chemokines that attract inflammatory cells to inflamed sites. pDCs also contribute to the proinflammatory activation of effector T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and conventional DCs. However, tolerogenic populations of pDCs are found that suppress atherosclerosis-associated inflammation through down-regulation of function and proliferation of proinflammatory T cell subsets and induction of regulatory T cells with potent immunomodulatory properties. Notably, atheroprotective tolerogenic DCs could be induced by certain self-antigens or bacterial antigens that suggests for great therapeutic potential of these DCs for development of DC-based anti-atherogenic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A. Chistiakov
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian State Medical UniversityMoscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical SciencesMoscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative CenterMoscow, Russia
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative CenterMoscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Russian Cardiology Research and Production ComplexMoscow, Russia
| | - Yuri V. Bobryshev
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical SciencesMoscow, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western SydneyCampbelltown, NSW, Australia
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