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Kwantwi LB. The dual and multifaceted role of relaxin-2 in cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:2763-2771. [PMID: 36947362 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The continuous increase in cancer-associated deaths despite the substantial improvement in diagnosis and treatment has sparked discussions on the need for novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for cancer. Although increasing evidence has demonstrated the pivotal role of relaxin-2 in multiple cancers, their role is a double-edged sword with both protumor and antitumor having been reported in various malignant tumors. Considering this dual role, it appears the biological mechanism underpinning the action of relaxin-2 in cancer is not clear and further studies to elucidate their potential as a preventive factor for cancers are of prime importance. Herein, a summarized up-to-date report on the role of relaxin-2 in human cancer including detailed clinical and experimental evidence supporting their tumor-promoting and inhibitory functions in cancer development and progression has been elucidated. Also, signaling pathways and other factors orchestrating the activities of relaxin-2 in the tumor microenvironment has been discussed. Collectively, the evidence from this review has demonstrated the need for further evaluation of the role of relaxin-2 as a diagnostic and or prognostic biomarker for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Boafo Kwantwi
- Department of Medical Imaging Sciences, Klintaps College of Health and Allied Sciences, Accra, DTD. TDC, 30A Klagon, Com. 19, Tema, Ghana.
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Zhao X, Fang Y, Wang X, Yang Z, Li D, Tian M, Kang P. Knockdown of Ski decreases osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration by suppressing the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:206-218. [PMID: 31746363 PMCID: PMC6910224 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ski, an evolutionary conserved protein, is involved in the development of a number of tumors, such as Barrett's esophagus, leukemia, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, hemangiomas and melanoma. However, studies on the functions of Ski in osteosarcoma (OS) are limited. In this study, firstly the differential expression of Ski in OS tissues and osteochondroma tissues was detected, and the expression of Ski in both human OS cell lines (MG63 and U2OS) and normal osteoblasts (hFoB1.19) was then detected. The results demonstrated that Ski expression was significantly upregulated in both human OS tissues and cell lines. The results led us to hypothesize that Ski may play an essential role in the pathological process of OS. Thus, Ski specific small interfere RNA (Ski-siRNA) was used. The results revealed that OS cell proliferation was markedly inhibited following the knockdown of Ski, which was identified by CCK8 assay, EdU staining and cell cycle analysis. In addition, OS cell migration was significantly suppressed following Ski knockdown, which was identified by wound healing assay. Moreover, the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-Akt in OS cells declined prominently following Ski knockdown. On the whole, the findings of this study revealed that Ski expression was significantly upregulated in OS tissue and OS cells. The knockdown of Ski decreased OS cell proliferation and migration, which was mediated by blocking the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Thus, Ski may act as a tumor promoter gene in tumorigenesis, and Ski may prove to be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Fang
- Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Zhouyuan Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Donghai Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Meng Tian
- Neurosurgery Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan Univerisity, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Pengde Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Thanasupawat T, Glogowska A, Nivedita-Krishnan S, Wilson B, Klonisch T, Hombach-Klonisch S. Emerging roles for the relaxin/RXFP1 system in cancer therapy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 487:85-93. [PMID: 30763603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A role for the hormone relaxin in cancer was described well before the receptor was identified. Relaxin predominantly increases the growth and invasive potential in cancers of different origins. However, relaxin was also shown to promote cell differentiation and to act in a dose-and time-dependent manner in different cancer cell models used. Following the discovery of the relaxin like family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1) as the cellular receptor for RLN1 and RLN2, research has focussed on the ligand interaction with the large extracellular domain of RXFP1 and resulting molecular signaling mechanisms. RXFP1 activation mediates anti-apoptotic functions, angiogenesis and chemoresistance in cancer cells. This minireview summarizes the known biological functions of RXFP1 activation in different cancer entities in-vitro and in-vivo and outlines possible mechanisms to therapeutically address the relaxin-RXFP1 system in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thatchawan Thanasupawat
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Glogowska
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sai Nivedita-Krishnan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Brian Wilson
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sabine Hombach-Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Li YS, Liu Q, Tian J, He HB, Luo W. Angiogenesis Process in Osteosarcoma: An Updated Perspective of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics. Am J Med Sci 2019; 357:280-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gu QZ, Nijiati A, Gao X, Tao KL, Li CD, Fan XP, Tian Z. TROP2 promotes cell proliferation and migration in osteosarcoma through PI3K/AKT signaling. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1782-1788. [PMID: 29845216 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) has been noted to serve an important role in the proliferation and migration of various types of human cancers. However, the potential role and the molecular mechanisms of TROP2 in osteosarcoma (OS) remain largely unclear. In the present study, high expression of TROP2 in human OS tissues and cell lines was observed. Overexpression of TROP2 promoted the proliferation and migration of OS cell lines, while TROP2 knockdown markedly decreased cell growth and migration. Furthermore, it was revealed that TROP2 overexpression significantly activated the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway. Collectively, these results suggested that TROP2 may promote OS cell proliferation and migration via PI3K/AKT signaling and may serve as a novel treatment target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Zhi Gu
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Abulimiti Nijiati
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Liang Tao
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Duo Li
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Peng Fan
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Tian
- Department of Bone Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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Angulo P, Kaushik G, Subramaniam D, Dandawate P, Neville K, Chastain K, Anant S. Natural compounds targeting major cell signaling pathways: a novel paradigm for osteosarcoma therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:10. [PMID: 28061797 PMCID: PMC5219787 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer affecting children and adolescents worldwide. Despite an incidence of three cases per million annually, it accounts for an inordinate amount of morbidity and mortality. While the use of chemotherapy (cisplatin, doxorubicin, and methotrexate) in the last century initially resulted in marginal improvement in survival over surgery alone, survival has not improved further in the past four decades. Patients with metastatic osteosarcoma have an especially poor prognosis, with only 30% overall survival. Hence, there is a substantial need for new therapies. The inability to control the metastatic progression of this localized cancer stems from a lack of complete knowledge of the biology of osteosarcoma. Consequently, there has been an aggressive undertaking of scientific investigation of various signaling pathways that could be instrumental in understanding the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. Here, we review these cancer signaling pathways, including Notch, Wnt, Hedgehog, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and JAK/STAT, and their specific role in osteosarcoma. In addition, we highlight numerous natural compounds that have been documented to target these pathways effectively, including curcumin, diallyl trisulfide, resveratrol, apigenin, cyclopamine, and sulforaphane. We elucidate through references that these natural compounds can induce cancer signaling pathway manipulation and possibly facilitate new treatment modalities for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Angulo
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 3040, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Gaurav Kaushik
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 3040, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Dharmalingam Subramaniam
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 3040, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Prasad Dandawate
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 3040, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Kathleen Neville
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Katherine Chastain
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 3040, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 3040, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA. .,The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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