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Scale and Scope of Gene-Alcohol Interactions in Chronic Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040471. [PMID: 33806082 PMCID: PMC8064432 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol consumption has long been known to be the primary cause of chronic pancreatitis (CP) but genetic risk factors have been increasingly identified over the past 25 years. The scale and scope of gene-alcohol interactions in CP nevertheless remain unclear. METHODS All studies that had obtained genetic variant data concurrently on alcoholic CP (ACP) patients, non-ACP (NACP) patients and normal controls were collated. Employing normal controls as a common baseline, paired ORACP and ORNACP (odds ratios associated with ACP and NACP, respectively) values were calculated and used to assess gene-alcohol interactions. RESULTS Thirteen variants involving PRSS1, SPINK1, CTRC, CLDN2, CPA1, CEL and CTRB1-CTRB2, and varying from very rare to common, were collated. Seven variants had an ORACP > ORNACP, which was regarded as an immediate indicator of gene-alcohol interactions in CP. Variants with an ORACP < ORNACP were also found to interact with alcohol consumption by virtue of their impact on age at first pancreatitis symptoms in ACP. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed evidence for extensive gene-alcohol interactions in CP. Our findings lend support to the hypothesis that alcohol affects the expression of genetically determined CP and highlight a predominant role of weak-effect variants in the development of ACP.
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Xia C, Zhang X, Cao T, Wang J, Li C, Yue L, Niu K, Shen Y, Ma G, Chen F. Hepatic Transcriptome Analysis Revealing the Molecular Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:565858. [PMID: 33329383 PMCID: PMC7732450 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.565858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 9% of the adult population in the world (463 million) suffer from diabetes mellitus. Most of them (~90%) belong to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is a common chronic metabolic disorder, and the number of cases has been reported to increase each year. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat provides a successful animal model to study the pathogenesis of T2DM. Although previous hepatic transcriptome studies revealed some novel genes associated with the occurrence and development of T2DM, there still lacks the comprehensive transcriptomic analysis for the liver tissues of ZDF rats. We performed comparative transcriptome analyses between the liver tissues of ZDF rats and healthy ZCL rats and also evaluated several clinical indices. We could identify 214 and 104 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs in ZDF rats, respectively. Pathway and biofunction analyses showed a synergistic effect between mRNAs and lncRNAs. By comprehensively analyzing transcriptomic data and clinical indices, we detected some typical features of T2DM in ZDF rats, such as upregulated metabolism (significant increased lipid absorption/transport/utilization, gluconeogenesis, and protein hydrolysis), increased inflammation, liver injury and increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition, of the 214 DEGs, 114 were known and 100 were putative T2DM-related genes, most of which have been associated with substance metabolism (particularly degradation), inflammation, liver injury and ER stress biofunctions. Our study provides an important reference and improves understanding of molecular pathogenesis of obesity-associated T2DM. Our data can also be used to identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets, which should strengthen the prevention and treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Xia
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshu Cao
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannong Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuidan Li
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Yue
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Niu
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yicheng Shen
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guannan Ma
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Diéguez-Castillo C, Jiménez-Luna C, Martín-Ruiz JL, Martínez-Galán J, Prados J, Torres C, González-Ramírez AR, Caba O. Role of Exocrine and Endocrine Insufficiency in the Management of Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9062014. [PMID: 32604940 PMCID: PMC7356684 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9062014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency results from the destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma and is diagnosed by using direct or indirect tests, both of which have shortcomings. Chronic pancreatitis is the most frequent cause of this pathology in adults. Methods: Patients meeting radiological or histological diagnostic criteria of chronic pancreatitis are enrolled and the stool elastase test is conducted, considering fecal elastase levels >200 µg/g to represent normal pancreatic function, and levels <200 μg/g to indicate the presence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Additionally, we determine the body mass index of the patients and study their nutritional status and main biochemical and hematological variables, including their glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Results: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is detected in 60% of the patients. Among these, 83.3% are severe cases, and 72% of the latter also are diagnosed with endocrine pancreatic insufficiency (diabetes mellitus). During the nutritional status study, HbA1c levels are significantly higher, and magnesium and prealbumin levels are significantly lower in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency than in those without this disease. Conclusions: Exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency are highly prevalent among patients with chronic pancreatitis and an early diagnosis of these diseases is vital to improve the clinical management of these patients and reduce their risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Diéguez-Castillo
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-C.); (J.L.M.-R.)
| | - Cristina Jiménez-Luna
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (C.J.-L.); (J.P.)
| | - Jose Luis Martín-Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18012 Granada, Spain; (C.D.-C.); (J.L.M.-R.)
| | - Joaquina Martínez-Galán
- Department of Medical Oncology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - José Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (C.J.-L.); (J.P.)
| | - Carolina Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | | | - Octavio Caba
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain; (C.J.-L.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-243-534
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The Differential Role of Human Cationic Trypsinogen ( PRSS1) p.R122H Mutation in Hereditary and Nonhereditary Chronic Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:9505460. [PMID: 29118810 PMCID: PMC5651130 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9505460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental factors and genetic mutations have been increasingly recognized as risk factors for chronic pancreatitis (CP). The PRSS1 p.R122H mutation was the first discovered to affect hereditary CP, with 80% penetrance. We performed here a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the associations of PRSS1 p.R122H mutation with CP of diverse etiology. Methods The PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE database were reviewed. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals was used to evaluate the association of p.R122H mutation with CP. Initial analysis was conducted with all etiologies of CP, followed by a subgroup analysis for hereditary and nonhereditary CP, including alcoholic or idiopathic CP. Results A total of eight case-control studies (1733 cases and 2415 controls) were identified and included. Overall, PRSS1 p.R122H mutation was significantly associated with an increased risk of CP (OR = 4.78[1.13-20.20]). Further analysis showed p.R122H mutation strongly associated with the increased risk of hereditary CP (OR = 65.52[9.09-472.48]) but not with nonhereditary CP, both alcoholic and idiopathic CP. Conclusions Our study showing the differential role of p.R122H mutation in various etiologies of CP indicates that this complex disorder is likely influenced by multiple genetic factors as well as environmental factors.
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Di Leo M, Bianco M, Zuppardo RA, Guslandi M, Calabrese F, Mannucci A, Neri TM, Testoni PA, Leandro G, Cavestro GM. Meta-analysis of the impact of SPINK1 p.N34S gene variation in Caucasic patients with chronic pancreatitis. An update. Dig Liver Dis 2017; 49:847-853. [PMID: 28546062 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SPINK1 p.N34S gene variation is one of the endogenous factors which seem to be associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP). However, in literature there is no clear agreement regarding its contribution in different ethnicity and CP etiologies. AIM To investigate the role of SPINK1 p.N34S gene variation in CP patients with European origin by means of meta-analysis. METHODS Literature search was conducted and case-control studies evaluating Caucasian population, published between May 2007 and May 2015, were included. We also included Caucasian selected studies analyzed in previous meta-analysis. We carried out meta-analysis including all selected studies. After that, we performed two additional meta-analyses considering the incidence of SPINK1 p.N34S gene variation in alcoholic or in idiopathic CP patients vs control group. RESULTS Twenty-five studies were included and the total number of subjects was 8800 (2981 cases and 5819 controls). The presence of p.N34S variation increased nine times the overall CP risk in population of European origin [OR 9.695 (CI 95% 7.931-11.851)]. Also, the contribution of SPINK1 in idiopathic pancreatitis [OR 13.640 (CI 95% 8.858-21.002)] was found to be higher than in alcoholic CP [5.283 (CI 95% 3.449-8.092)]. CONCLUSION The association between SPINK1 p.N34S gene variation and CP is confirmed. Also, we confirmed that the idiopathic etiology needs a better definition by means of genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Di Leo
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Margherita Bianco
- Gastroenterology Unit 1, Gastroenterological Hospital 'S. De Bellis' IRCCS, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy
| | - Raffaella Alessia Zuppardo
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Guslandi
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Calabrese
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mannucci
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Tauro Maria Neri
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Diagnostic Department, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pier Alberto Testoni
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Leandro
- Gastroenterology Unit 1, Gastroenterological Hospital 'S. De Bellis' IRCCS, Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy; Institute for Digestive and Liver Health, University College, London, UK
| | - Giulia Martina Cavestro
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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