Effects of 5-Amyno-4-(1,3-benzothyazol-2-yn)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrol-3-one Intake on Digestive System in a Rat Model of Colon Cancer

Antineoplastic Activity of Water-Soluble Form of Novel Kinase Inhibitor 1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-Chloro-4-(3-Trifluoromethylphenylamino)-1H-Pyrrole-2,5-Dione Immobilized on Polymeric Poly (PEGMA-co-DMM) Carrier

The maleimide derivative 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-chloro-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (MI-1) was synthesized as inhibitor of several protein kinases, however, its application is hindered by its poor water solubility. In this study, the mechanisms of the antineoplastic action of MI-1 and its MI-1/M5 complex with M5 carrier (poly (PEGMA-co-DMM)) towards human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells were investigated by using the MTT and clonogenic assays, DNA intercalation with methyl green replacement, alkaline DNA comet assay, and Western-blot analysis. MI-1 compound and its MI-1/M5 complex possessed high toxicity towards colon (HCT116), cervical (HeLa) carcinoma cells and melanoma (SK-MEL-28) cells with GI50 value in a range of 0.75–7.22 µg/mL, and demonstrated high selectivity index (SI ˃ 6.9). The p53 status of colon cancer cells did not affect the sensitivity of these cells to the treatment with MI-1 and its MI-1/M5 complex. M5 polymer possessed low toxicity towards studied cells. The MI-1, MI-1/M5, and M5 only slightly inhibited growth of the pseudo-normal HaCaT and Balb/c 3T3 cell lines (GI50 ˃ 50 μg/mL). The MI-1 and its MI-1/M5 complex induced mitochondria-dependent pathway of apoptosis, damage of the DNA, and morphological changes in HCT116 cells, and affected the G2/M transition checkpoint. The MI-1 intercalated into the DNA molecule, while such capability of MI-1/M5 complex and M5 polymer was much lower. Thus, poly (PEGMA-co-DMM) might be a promising carrier for delivery of the maleimide derivative, MI-1, a novel kinase inhibitor, through improving its solubility in aqueous media and enhancing its antiproliferative action towards human tumor cells. Studies are in progress on the treatment of Nemeth-Kellner lymphoma (NK/Ly)-bearing mice with the MI-1 and MI-1/M5 complex.

Pyrrole derivatives as potential anti-cancer therapeutics: synthesis, mechanisms of action, safety

Pyrrole derivatives (PDs) chloro-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-4-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (MI-1) and 5-amino-4-(1,3-benzothyazol-2-yn)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrole-3-one (D1) were synthesised as inhibitors of several protein kinases including EGFR and VEGFR. The aim of the study was to reveal the exact mechanisms of PDs' action EGFR and VEGFR are involved in. We observed, that both PDs could bind with EGFR and VEGFR and form stable complexes. PDs entered into electrostatic interactions with polar groups of phospholipid heads in cell membrane, and the power of interaction depended on the nature of PD radical substituents (greater for MI-1 and smaller for D1). Partial intercalation of MI-1 into the membrane hydrophobic zone also occurred. PDs concentrations induced apoptosis in malignant cells but normal ones had different sensitivity to those. MI-1 and D1 acted like antioxidants in inflamed colonic tissue, as evidenced by reduce of lipid and protein peroxidation products (by 43-67%) and increase of superoxide dismutase activity (by 40 and 58%) with restoring these values to control ones. MI-1 restored reduced haemoglobin and normalised elevated platelets and monocytes in settings of colorectal cancer, whereas D1 normalised only platelets. Thus, MI-1 and D1 could be used as competitive inhibitors of EGFR and VEGFR and antioxidants, which might contribute to realisation of their anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic and antitumor activity.

Synthesis and biological activity of 4-amino-3-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2,5-diones

4-Amino-3-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione derivatives were designed and synthesized as potential tyrosine kinase inhibitors. One of them has been shown to inhibit growth of cancer cell lines and in vivo tumors. To determine the impact of side groups on biological activity the ability of different 4-amino-3-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2,5-diones to interact with ATP-binding domains of growth factor receptors and with model cell membranes were aimed to be discovered. The methods of molecular docking, short-molecular dynamics (in silico) and non-steady cyclic current-voltage characteristics (in vitro) were used. Five 4-amino-3-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2,5-diones were synthesized from 3,4-dichloro-1H-pyrrole-2,5-diones. All of them demonstrated the potential ability to form complexes with ATP-binding domains of EGFR and VEGFR2. These complexes were more stable compared to those with ANP. 4-Amino-3-chloro-1H-pyrrole-2,5-diones while interact with different bilayer lipid membranes caused an increase of their specific conductance and electric capacity, demonstrating the certain disturbance in lipid packing. Obtained data allowed us to suggest that proposed chemicals can interact with the surface of lipid bilayer, do likely intercalate into the membrane and form stable complexes with EGFR and VEGFR2. So, the prospect of developed chemicals to be effective EGFR and VEGFR2 inhibitors and therefore realize antitumor activity was concluded.

iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of DMH-induced colorectal cancer in mice reveals the expressions of β-catenin, decorin, septin-7, and S100A10 expression in 53 cases of human hereditary polyposis colorectal cancer

PURPOSE

The aim of this study is to explore the roles of β-catenin, decorin, septin-7, and S100A10 expression in colorectal cancer development.

METHODS

Twenty-five BALB/c mice were divided into five groups; four groups were administrated N,N-dimethylhydrazine for 0, 10, 15, and 20 weeks, and one group was administrated normal saline for 20 weeks. The colons were collected for histopathological analysis. Protein samples prepared from the frozen colon tissues of mice treated with N,N-dimethylhydrazine for the different time points were evaluated using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling technique coupled with the 2D liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Based on the proteomic analysis results, immunohistochemical staining of β-catenin, decorin, septin-7, and S100A10 was performed in paraffin-embedded mice colorectal tissue, and 53 cases of human hereditary polyposis colorectal cancer samples.

RESULTS

Colorectal cancer was observed in mice treated with N,N-dimethylhydrazine for 20 weeks, and adenomas were observed in mice subjected to the 10-, and 15-week treatments. Seventy-two differentially expressed proteins were involved in the development of cancer as per the iTRAQ and spectrometry analysis. In normal epithelium, adenoma, and cancer from human hereditary polyposis colorectal cancer, S100A10 expression (c2 = 100.989, P = 0.000) was highest in cancer, whereas decorin (c2 = 12.852, P = 0.002) and septin-7 (c2 = 66.519, P = 0.002) expressions were highest in the normal epithelium, which was confirmed via immunohistochemical staining.

CONCLUSIONS

The subcellular localization of β-catenin and decorin, septin-7, and S100A10 expressions are associated with the development of colorectal cancer in mice after N,N-dimethylhydrazine treatment and in human hereditary polyposis colorectal cancers.