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Chiba I, Nakaya N, Kogure M, Hatanaka R, Nakaya K, Tokioka S, Nakamura T, Nagaie S, Fuse N, Obara T, Kotozaki Y, Tanno K, Kuriyama S, Hozawa A. Associations between housing and psychological damage by earthquake and modifiable risk factors for dementia in general older adults: Tohoku Medical Megabank community-based cohort study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24:509-516. [PMID: 38700081 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between housing and psychological damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and modifiable risk factors (MRFs) of dementia for general population of older adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 29 039 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 69.1 ± 2.9 years, 55.5% women). We evaluated disaster-related damage (by complete or not complete housing damage) and psychological damage (by post-traumatic stress reaction [PTSR]) after the GEJE using a self-report questionnaire. MRFs encompassed the presence of depression, social isolation, physical inactivity, smoking, and diabetes. We examined the association between disaster-related damage and MRFs using ordinary least squares and modified Poisson regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and health status variables. RESULTS Complete housing damage and PTSR were identified in 2704 (10.0%) and 855 (3.2%) individuals, respectively. The number of MRFs was significantly larger for the individuals with complete housing damage (β = 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19-0.27) and PTSR (β = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.53-0.67). Prevalence ratios (PRs) for depression and physical inactivity were higher in individuals with complete housing damage. The PRs for all domains of the MRFs were significantly higher in individuals with PTSR. CONCLUSIONS Housing and psychological damage caused by the GEJE were associated with an increased risk factor of dementia. To attenuate the risk of dementia, especially among older victims who have experienced housing and psychological damage after a disaster, multidimensional support across various aspects of MRFs is required. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 509-516.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Chiba
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mana Kogure
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rieko Hatanaka
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kumi Nakaya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sayuri Tokioka
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculty of Data Science, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaie
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Fuse
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanno
- Division of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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2
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Eguchi E, Ohira T, Nakano H, Hayashi F, Okazaki K, Harigane M, Funakubo N, Takahashi A, Takase K, Maeda M, Yasumura S, Yabe H, Kamiya K. Association between Laughter and Lifestyle Diseases after the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Fukushima Health Management Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312699. [PMID: 34886425 PMCID: PMC8657190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association between the frequency of laughter and lifestyle diseases after the Great East Japan Earthquake. We included 41,432 participants aged 30-89 years in the Fukushima Health Management Survey in fiscal year 2012 and 2013. Gender-specific, age-adjusted and multivariable odds ratios of lifestyle diseases were calculated using logistic regressions stratified by evacuation status. Those who laugh every day had significantly lower multivariable odds ratios for hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart disease (HD) for men, and HT and dyslipidemia (DL) for women compared to those who do not, especially in male evacuees. The multivariable odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of HT, DM and HD (non-evacuees vs. evacuees) for men were 1.00 (0.89-1.11) vs. 0.85 (0.74-0.96), 0.90 (0.77-1.05) vs. 0.77 (0.64-0.91) and 0.92 (0.76-1.11) vs. 0.79 (0.63-0.99), and HT and DL for women were 0.90 (0.81-1.00) vs. 0.88 (0.78-0.99) and 0.80 (0.70-0.92) vs. 0.72 (0.62-0.83), respectively. The daily frequency of laughter was associated with a lower prevalence of lifestyle disease, especially in evacuees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Eguchi
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.O.); (H.N.); (F.H.); (N.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(24)-5471343
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.O.); (H.N.); (F.H.); (N.F.)
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Hironori Nakano
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.O.); (H.N.); (F.H.); (N.F.)
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Fumikazu Hayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.O.); (H.N.); (F.H.); (N.F.)
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
| | - Kanako Okazaki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fukushima Medical University School of Health Sciences, Fukushima 960-8516, Japan
| | - Mayumi Harigane
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Narumi Funakubo
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.O.); (H.N.); (F.H.); (N.F.)
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kanae Takase
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Community Health and Public Health Nursing, Fukushima Medical University School of Nursing, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masaharu Maeda
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (K.O.); (M.H.); (A.T.); (K.T.); (M.M.); (S.Y.); (H.Y.); (K.K.)
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Takahashi A, Ohira T, Uemura M, Hosoya M, Yasumura S, Hashimoto S, Ohira H, Sakai A, Ohtsuru A, Satoh H, Kawasaki Y, Suzuki H, Sugiura Y, Shishido H, Hayashi Y, Takahashi H, Nakano H, Kobashi G, Ozasa K, Ohto H, Abe M. Changes in Hepatobiliary Enzyme Abnormality After the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Fukushima Health Management Survey. Sci Rep 2017; 7:710. [PMID: 28386098 PMCID: PMC5429598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence of hepatobiliary enzyme abnormality increased immediately after the Great East Japan Earthquake and subsequent Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, longer-term trends remain unclear. The aims of this study were to determine longer-term trends in hepatobiliary enzyme abnormality and to elucidate lifestyle factors associated with such changes among residents of a nuclear-disaster-affected area. This longitudinal survey enrolled 20,395 adults living in the vicinity of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Data were obtained from the records of annual health checkups of adults aged ≥40 years between 2011 and 2012. Follow-up examinations were conducted from June 2013 to March 2014. Associations were assessed between changes in hepatobiliary enzyme abnormality immediately and 3–4 years after the disaster and lifestyle factors. The overall prevalence of hepatobiliary enzyme abnormality significantly decreased over the study period, from 29.9% to 27.1%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between improved hepatobiliary enzyme abnormality and improvements in daily physical activity and frequency of breakfast consumption. The results suggest that improvements in daily physical activity and frequency of breakfast consumption significantly reduced the incidence of hepatobiliary enzyme abnormality 3–4 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan. .,Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mayu Uemura
- Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shigeatsu Hashimoto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ohira
- Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtsuru
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Satoh
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Kawasaki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sugiura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shishido
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Hayashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Information Management and Statistics Office, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakano
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Gen Kobashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Abe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Office of the Comprehensive Health Check and Health Promotion, Fukushima, Japan.,Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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4
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Hashimoto S, Nagai M, Fukuma S, Ohira T, Hosoya M, Yasumura S, Satoh H, Suzuki H, Sakai A, Ohtsuru A, Kawasaki Y, Takahashi A, Ozasa K, Kobashi G, Kamiya K, Yamashita S, Fukuhara SI, Ohto H, Abe M. Influence of Post-disaster Evacuation on Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:327-337. [PMID: 27629253 PMCID: PMC5383548 DOI: 10.5551/jat.35824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM After the Great East Japan Earthquake, over 160,000 residents near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant were forced to evacuate due to a nuclear accident. Health problems in these evacuees have since become major issues. We examined the association between evacuation and incidence of metabolic syndrome (METS) among residents in Fukushima. METHODS We conducted a cohort study among residents aged 40-74 years without METS at the time of the disaster in Fukushima. Among 20,269 residents who met the inclusion criteria before the disaster, 8,547 residents (3,697 men and 4,850 women; follow-up proportion: 42.2%) remained available for follow-up examinations after the disaster by the end of March 2013. The main outcome was incidence of METS, defined by guidelines from the Japanese committee, using data from the Comprehensive Health Check before and after the disaster. We divided participants by evacuation status and compared outcomes between groups. Using a logistic regression model, we estimated the odds ratio for incidence of METS, adjusting for potential confounders, age, gender, waist circumference, exercise habit, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS Incidence of METS was higher in evacuees (men 19.2%, women 6.6%) than in non-evacuees (men 11.0%, women 4.6%). Evacuees had higher body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose after the disaster than non-evacuees. We found a significant association between evacuation and incidence of METS (adjusted odds ratio 1.72, 95% confidence interval; 1.46-2.02). CONCLUSION This is the first study to demonstrate that evacuation after a disaster is associated with increased incidence of METS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeatsu Hashimoto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masato Nagai
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shingo Fukuma
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CIRC2LE), Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Yasumura
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Satoh
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Sakai
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akira Ohtsuru
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Kawasaki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Department of Epidemiology, The Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Gen Kobashi
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kamiya
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shunichi Yamashita
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shun-ichi Fukuhara
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CIRC2LE), Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohto
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Abe
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Fukushima Health Management Survey Group
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CIRC2LE), Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Diabetology, and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Life Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, The Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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