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Sandoval-Bórquez A, Carrión P, Hernández MP, Pérez JA, Tapia-Castillo A, Vecchiola A, Fardella CE, Carvajal CA. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and the Role of Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae126. [PMID: 38988671 PMCID: PMC11234198 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health issue that is associated with metabolic diseases including diabetes mellitus type 2 and metabolic syndrome. This pathology leads to detrimental cardiovascular health and secondary effects, such as lipotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been highlighted as novel players participating in human physiology and pathophysiology. In obesity, adipose tissue is related to the active shedding of adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (AdEVs). The current review explores and highlights the role of AdEVs and their cargo in obesity and metabolic syndrome. AdEVs are proposed to play an important role in obesity and its comorbidities. AdEVs are biological nanoparticles mainly shed by visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, acting in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and also carrying different cargo biomolecules, such as RNA, microRNA (miRNA), proteins, and lipids, among others. RNA and miRNA have local and systemic effects affecting gene expression in target cell types via paracrine and endocrine actions. State of the art analyses identified some miRNAs, such as miR-222, miR-23b, miR-4429, miR-148b, and miR-4269, that could potentially affect cell pathways involved in obesity-related comorbidities, such as chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Similarly, AdEVs-proteins (RBP4, perilipin-A, FABP, mimecan, TGFBI) and AdEVs-lipids (sphingolipids) have been linked to the obesity pathophysiology. The current knowledge about AdEVs along with further research would support and reveal novel pathways, potential biomarkers, and therapeutic options in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Sandoval-Bórquez
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso 2373223, Chile
| | - Pablo Carrión
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
| | - María Paz Hernández
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
| | - Jorge A Pérez
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
| | - Alejandra Tapia-Castillo
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
| | - Andrea Vecchiola
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
| | - Carlos E Fardella
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
| | - Cristian A Carvajal
- Center for Translational Research in Endocrinology (CETREN-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330074, Chile
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile
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Sun A, Li J, Kong W, Jiang X. Silencing of immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat inhibits gastric cancer cell growth and metastasis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Bioengineered 2022; 13:13544-13554. [PMID: 35653801 PMCID: PMC9276042 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2079303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat (ISLR) expression in gastric cancer (GC) and ISLR’s underlying mechanisms regulation of GC progression. Through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort datasets, we analyzed the ISLR expression in GC tumor tissues and normal tissues. ISLR expression in GC tissues and cells was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed in GC cells transfected with sh-ISLR, ISLR plasmids, or controls. TCGA results showed that ISLR expression was higher in GC tumor tissues compared to normal tissues, and its expression levels were related to lymph node metastasis, tumor size, and clinical stage. ISLR was highly expressed in tumor cells. ISLR knockdown suppressed cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion in HGC-27 cells, whereas ISLR overexpression led to opposite effects in AGS cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that ISLR could activate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathway. Silencing of ISLR suppressed EMT in HGC-27 cells and overexpression of ISLR promoted EMT in AGS cells. ISLR was overexpressed in both GC cell lines and tumor tissues, and our study first showed that silencing of ISLR inhibited GC cell growth and metastasis by reversing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitao Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - JinBo Li
- Department of General Surgery, Gaotang County People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Weijing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Laizhou People's Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
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3
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Disciglio V, Sanese P, Fasano C, Lotesoriere C, Valentini AM, Forte G, Lepore Signorile M, De Marco K, Grossi V, Lolli I, Cariola F, Simone C. Identification and Somatic Characterization of the Germline PTEN Promoter Variant rs34149102 in a Family with Gastrointestinal and Breast Tumors. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:644. [PMID: 35456450 PMCID: PMC9025445 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants located in non-coding regions can affect processes that regulate protein expression, functionally contributing to human disease. Germline heterozygous mutations in the non-coding region of the PTEN gene have been previously identified in patients with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) diagnosed with breast, thyroid, and/or endometrial cancer. In this study, we report a PTEN promoter variant (rs34149102 A allele) that was identified by direct sequencing in an Italian family with a history of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. In order to investigate the putative functional role of the rs34149102 A allele variant, we evaluated the status of PTEN alterations at the somatic level. We found that PTEN protein expression was absent in the GEJ adenocarcinoma tissue of the index case. Moreover, we detected the occurrence of copy number loss involving the PTEN rs34149102 major C allele in tumor tissue, revealing that the second allele was somatically inactivated. This variant is located within an active regulatory region of the PTEN core promoter, and in silico analysis suggests that it may affect the binding of the nuclear transcription factor MAZ and hence PTEN expression. Overall, these results reveal the functional role of the PTEN promoter rs34149102 A allele variant in the modulation of PTEN protein expression and highlight its contribution to hereditary cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Disciglio
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Paola Sanese
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Candida Fasano
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Claudio Lotesoriere
- Oncology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (I.L.)
| | - Anna Maria Valentini
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Forte
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Martina Lepore Signorile
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Katia De Marco
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Ivan Lolli
- Oncology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (I.L.)
| | - Filomena Cariola
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (V.D.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (M.L.S.); (K.D.M.); (V.G.); (F.C.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Wang C, Zhao D, Shu X, Wang K, Wang T, Lin X, Zhang D, Xia T, Qian S, Tang M, Yang W, Hu A, Zhao Q. Protective effects of all-trans retinoic acid against gastric premalignant lesions by repressing exosomal LncHOXA10-pyruvate carboxylase axis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:121-135. [PMID: 34632533 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) play a pivotal role in gastric tumorigenesis, while exosomes facilitate the LncRNAs transferring to recipient cells. However, the roles of exosomal LncRNAs in gastric premalignant lesions (GPL) remain unclear. METHODS We analyzed the expression of LncHOXA10 and its role in GPL progression. The protective effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on GPL was explored in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Here, we found that LncHOXA10 expression was obviously increased in serum exosomes and gastric tissues from individuals with GPL, and exosomal LncHOXA10 from patients with GPL markedly promoted the malignant progression of human gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. Furthermore, RNA-pulldown assay revealed that LncHOXA10 mainly interacted with pyruvate carboxylase (PC), an essential enzyme in various cellular metabolic pathways. In gastric tissues from patients with GPL and gastric cancer (GC), PC was also upregulated and positively correlated with LncHOXA10 expression, which predicted a poor prognosis as well. Moreover, PC silencing attenuated the malignant effects of exosomal LncHOXA10 on GES-1 cells. ATRA also ameliorated the deterioration of GPL and prevented the malignant progression of GPL by reducing exosomal LncHOXA10 and PC expression. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the LncHOXA10-PC axis participated in the early stage of GC tumorigenesis, and ATRA might be useful to prevent GPL from developing into GC because it targets this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Didi Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing Shu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Daoming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lujiang County People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lujiang County People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shiqing Qian
- Department of Pathology, Lujiang County People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Anla Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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5
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Molecular Landscapes of Gastric Pre-Neoplastic and Pre-Invasive Lesions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189950. [PMID: 34576114 PMCID: PMC8468646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma (GC) represents one of the most common and most lethal malignancies worldwide. The histopathological characterization of GC precursor lesions has provided great knowledge about gastric carcinogenesis, with the consequent introduction of effective strategies of primary and secondary prevention. In recent years, a large amount of data about the molecular events in GC development is emerging, flanking the histomorphological descriptions. In this review, we describe the landscape of molecular alterations in gastric pre-invasive lesions with a glance at their potential use in the diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making process.
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6
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Aguayo F, Boccardo E, Corvalán A, Calaf GM, Blanco R. Interplay between Epstein-Barr virus infection and environmental xenobiotic exposure in cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2021; 16:50. [PMID: 34193233 PMCID: PMC8243497 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-021-00391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a herpesvirus associated with lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. Both B cells and epithelial cells are susceptible and permissive to EBV infection. However, considering that 90% of the human population is persistently EBV-infected, with a minority of them developing cancer, additional factors are necessary for tumor development. Xenobiotics such as tobacco smoke (TS) components, pollutants, pesticides, and food chemicals have been suggested as cofactors involved in EBV-associated cancers. In this review, the suggested mechanisms by which xenobiotics cooperate with EBV for carcinogenesis are discussed. Additionally, a model is proposed in which xenobiotics, which promote oxidative stress (OS) and DNA damage, regulate EBV replication, promoting either the maintenance of viral genomes or lytic activation, ultimately leading to cancer. Interactions between EBV and xenobiotics represent an opportunity to identify mechanisms by which this virus is involved in carcinogenesis and may, in turn, suggest both prevention and control strategies for EBV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrique Boccardo
- Laboratory of Oncovirology, Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Corvalán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria M Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, 1000000, Arica, Chile.,Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rancés Blanco
- Laboratorio de Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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7
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González MF, Díaz P, Sandoval-Bórquez A, Herrera D, Quest AFG. Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Vesicles and Extracellular Vesicles from Helicobacter pylori-Infected Cells in Gastric Disease Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094823. [PMID: 34062919 PMCID: PMC8124820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived vesicles important in intercellular communication that play an essential role in host-pathogen interactions, spreading pathogen-derived as well as host-derived molecules during infection. Pathogens can induce changes in the composition of EVs derived from the infected cells and use them to manipulate their microenvironment and, for instance, modulate innate and adaptive inflammatory immune responses, both in a stimulatory or suppressive manner. Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is considered the main risk factor for developing this disease, which is characterized by a strong inflammatory component. EVs released by host cells infected with H. pylori contribute significantly to inflammation, and in doing so promote the development of disease. Additionally, H. pylori liberates vesicles, called outer membrane vesicles (H. pylori-OMVs), which contribute to atrophia and cell transformation in the gastric epithelium. In this review, the participation of both EVs from cells infected with H. pylori and H. pylori-OMVs associated with the development of gastric cancer will be discussed. By deciphering which functions of these external vesicles during H. pylori infection benefit the host or the pathogen, novel treatment strategies may become available to prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda González
- Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (M.F.G.); (P.D.); (A.S.-B.); (D.H.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Paula Díaz
- Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (M.F.G.); (P.D.); (A.S.-B.); (D.H.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Alejandra Sandoval-Bórquez
- Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (M.F.G.); (P.D.); (A.S.-B.); (D.H.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Daniela Herrera
- Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (M.F.G.); (P.D.); (A.S.-B.); (D.H.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Andrew F. G. Quest
- Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (M.F.G.); (P.D.); (A.S.-B.); (D.H.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago 7680201, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-29786832
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8
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Landeros N, Santoro PM, Carrasco-Avino G, Corvalan AH. Competing Endogenous RNA Networks in the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Diffuse-Type of Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102741. [PMID: 32987716 PMCID: PMC7598708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The diffuse-type of gastric cancer is associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Loss of E-cadherin expression is the hallmark of this process and is largely due to the upregulation of the transcription factors ZEB1/2, Snail, Slug, and Twist1/2. However, miRNA and lncRNAs can also participate through these transcription factors which directly target E-cadherin. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network hypothesis state that lncRNA can sponge the miRNA pool that targets these transcripts. Based on the lack of said networks in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, we performed a prediction analysis that resulted in novel ceRNA networks which will expand our knowledge of the molecular basis of the diffuse-type of gastric cancer. Abstract The diffuse-type of gastric cancer (DGC), molecularly associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), is increasing in incidence. Loss of E-cadherin expression is the hallmark of the EMT process and is largely due to the upregulation of the EMT-inducing transcription factors ZEB1/2, Snail, Slug, and Twist1/2. However, ncRNA, such as miRNA and lncRNAs, can also participate in the EMT process through the direct targeting of E-cadherin and other EMT-inducing transcription factors. Additionally, lncRNA can sponge the miRNA pool that targets these transcripts through competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. In this review, we focus on the role of ncRNA in the direct deregulation of E-cadherin, as well as EMT-inducing transcription factors. Based on the relevance of the ceRNA network hypothesis, and the lack of said networks in EMT, we performed a prediction analysis for all miRNAs and lncRNAs that target E-cadherin, as well as EMT-inducing transcription factors. This analysis resulted in novel predicted ceRNA networks for E-cadherin and EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), as well as the expansion of the molecular basis of the DGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Landeros
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330034, Chile; (N.L.); (P.M.S.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Pablo M. Santoro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330034, Chile; (N.L.); (P.M.S.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Carrasco-Avino
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile and Clinica Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile;
| | - Alejandro H. Corvalan
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330034, Chile; (N.L.); (P.M.S.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2235-48289
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is an active topic of clinical and basic research due to high morbidity and mortality. To date, gastrectomy and chemotherapy are the only therapeutic options for gastric cancer patients, but drug resistance, either acquired or primary, is the main cause for treatment failure. Differences in development and response to cancer treatments have been observed among ethnically diverse GC patient populations. In spite of major incidence, GC Asian patients have a significantly better prognosis and response to treatments than Caucasian ones due to genetic discordances between the two populations. Gene therapy could be an alternative strategy to overcome such issues and especially CRISPR/Cas9 represents one of the most intriguing gene-editing system. Thus, in this review article, we want to provide an update on the currently used therapies for the treatment of advanced GC. Graphical abstract.
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10
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Dendrobium Officinale Polysaccharides Protect against MNNG-Induced PLGC in Rats via Activating the NRF2 and Antioxidant Enzymes HO-1 and NQO-1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9310245. [PMID: 31281597 PMCID: PMC6589278 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9310245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOP) are the main effective ingredient in Dendrobium officinale. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling is regarded as an important way to mitigate the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage and inhibit gastric cancer progress. This study introduces a previously unknown effect of DOP on precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC). The mechanism discussed herein is based on the NRF2 signal pathway as well as its downstream antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1). DOP was prepared by the alcohol deposition method, and its molecular weight was determined using High-Performance Gel-Permeation Chromatography (HPGPC). Sixty male rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group (NC), PLGC model group (PLGC), model treated with low dose (2.4 g/kg) of DOP (L-DOP), model treated with middle dose (4.8 g/kg) of DOP (M-DOP), and model treated with high dose (9.6 g/kg) of DOP (H-DOP). DOP was orally administered to rats for 15 consecutive days prior to the start of a seven-month course of 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) exposure. Histological evaluation was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) staining. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), serum creatinine (Scr), serum uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and HE staining were detected for liver and kidney function. The level of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in serum was detected by kits. The NRF2 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and western blotting was utilized to compare differential protein expression levels among cytoplasmic and nuclear cell fractions. Expression levels of antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Catalytic Subunit (GCLC), Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase Modifier Subunit (GCLM), and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); furthermore, the protein expression of NRF2, HO-1, and NQO-1 was detected by western blotting. The results showed that the average content of DOP is 83%, and its molecular weight is mainly contained within 3500 and 1000000. The H-DOP experimental group exhibited noticeable weight gain after seven months, reduced intestinal metaplasia, and made the atypical hyperplasia to be kept in moderate or mild degree. Data also showed DOP to be capable of decreasing levels of ALT, UA, and BUN, all of which had been elevated following the appearance of MNNG-induced PLGCs. DOP was also seen to reduce the expression of 8-OHdG and promote the expression of NRF2 in the gastric mucosa. Furthermore, RT-PCR and western blotting results showed that DOP upregulated the gene and protein expression of HO-1 and NQO-1. These findings show that DOP prevents MNNG-induced PLGC along with subsequent liver and kidney damage. The protective effects of DOP are associated with the reduction of 8-OHdG levels as well as the activation of the NRF2 pathway and its related antioxidant enzymes, HO-1 and NQO-1.
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Raab N, Mathias S, Alt K, Handrick R, Fischer S, Schmieder V, Jadhav V, Borth N, Otte K. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout of MicroRNA-744 Improves Antibody Titer of CHO Production Cell Lines. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800477. [PMID: 30802343 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that serve as versatile molecular engineering tools to improve production cells by overexpression or knockdown of miRNAs showing beneficial or adverse effects on cell-culture performance. The genomic knockout (KO) of noncoding RNAs in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) production cells has not been reported. However, given the significant number of miRNAs showing negative effects on CHO-bioprocess performance and the development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR/Cas9), genome editing tools facilitate precise optimization of CHO cells via modulation of noncoding RNAs. In a previous high-content miRNA screen, miR-744 was identified as a potential target associated with reduced productivity. Hence, the genomic miR-744 precursor sequence is deleted by two single guide RNA (sgRNA)-Cas9-mediated DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) flanking the miR-744 locus. After fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), clonal miR-744 KO cell lines are recovered and three of them are confirmed as miR-744 KOs. Impacts of CRISPR/Cas9 editing are characterized at the genetic, transcript, and phenotypic levels. During batch cultivation, antibody titers of miR-744 KOs are significantly increased to 190-311 mg L-1 compared to a nontargeting (NT) sgRNA transfected clonal control with 156 mg L-1 , pointing towards the potential of miRNA KO for cell line engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Raab
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
| | - Sven Mathias
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
| | - Kerstin Alt
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
- Genetikum, Wegenerstraße 15, Neu-Ulm, 89231, Germany
| | - René Handrick
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Cell Line Development CMB, Birkendorfer Str. 65, Biberach, 88397, Germany
| | - Valerie Schmieder
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Vaibhav Jadhav
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Nicole Borth
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, 1190, Austria
- BOKU Vienna, Institute of Biotechnology, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, Vienna, 1180, Austria
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Hubertus-Liebrecht-Str. 35, Biberach, 88400, Germany
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12
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Ahadi A, Safavi MS. miR-335-5p has an important role in the progression of gastric cancer by down-regulation of CEACAM5. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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13
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Park CH, Kim H, Jo JH, Hahn KY, Yoon JH, Kim SY, Lee YC, Noh SH, Chung HC, Lee SK. Role of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy-targeted biopsy in the molecular and histopathological study of gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:84-91. [PMID: 30221400 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM A high yield of biopsy is mandatory to perform molecular genetic research with endoscopically obtained gastric cancer tissues. We evaluated whether probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) can increase the yield of endoscopic biopsy for gastric cancer compared with white light endoscopy (WLE). METHODS All lesions in the pCLE and WLE groups were initially evaluated through WLE. In the pCLE group, lesions were further examined through pCLE. In the pilot study, five and three biopsy specimens were obtained for histopathological examination and tumor marker analysis, respectively. In the confirmatory study, six biopsy specimens for histopathological evaluation were obtained. RESULTS A total of 30 gastric cancers and 61 undifferentiated-type gastric cancers were analyzed in the pilot and confirmatory studies, respectively. The proportion of cancer cells in biopsy samples of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or signet ring cell carcinoma was higher in the pCLE group than in the WLE group in both the pilot and confirmatory studies (pilot: median proportion, 65% vs 30%, P = 0.010; confirmatory: mean ± standard deviation, 49.5 ± 29.3 vs 29.3 ± 13.7, P = 0.002). The expression ratio of tumor markers including carcinoembryonic antigen, GW112, HOX transcript antisense RNA, and H19 tended to be higher in the pCLE group than in the WLE group. CONCLUSION Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy-targeted biopsy provided superior results in terms of the proportion of cancer cells in biopsy samples compared with WLE-targeted biopsy in gastric cancer with undifferentiated histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hyuk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Jo
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hahn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Yoon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Young Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chan Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Noh
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kil Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abbasi A, Heydari S. Studying the expression rate and methylation of Reprimo gene in the blood of patients suffering from gastric cancer. Eur J Transl Myol 2018; 28:7423. [PMID: 29991989 PMCID: PMC6036304 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2018.7423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As gastric cancer has no exclusive signals in its initial phases, it is usually diagnosed in advanced phases. Although many researches have been conducted on methylation and diagnosis of cancer’s markers, the methylation and expression of Reprimo gene and its correlation with gastric cancer has not been thoroughly studied. Methylation of Reprimo promoter is a repetitive procedure exclusive to cancer which nullifies its expression and performance. The present research seeks to study the expression and methylation of Reprimo among people suffering with gastric cancer so that it may be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis. Fifty blood samples taken from healthy people (normal samples) and 50 blood samples obtained from gastric cancer patients were analyzed using Real-Time PCR. The methylation status of the promoter of Reprimo was studied using Methylation Specific PCR technique in normal samples and in gastric cancer Iranian patients. We observed reduction in expression rate of Reprimo in the blood samples of patients suffering with gastric cancer in comparison to normal blood samples. A significant correlation was also observed between the expression rate of this gene, age and methylation of its promoter among patients suffering with gastric cancer and various analysis points to a correlation between reduced expressions of Reprimo gene in gastric cancer patients. In conclusion, reduced expression of Reprimo gene and greater levels of methylation of its promoter seems to be promising biomarkers for early diagnosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Abbasi
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Heydari
- Department of genetic, Biology Research Center, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
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15
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Polakovicova I, Jerez S, Wichmann IA, Sandoval-Bórquez A, Carrasco-Véliz N, Corvalán AH. Role of microRNAs and Exosomes in Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr Virus Associated Gastric Cancers. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:636. [PMID: 29675003 PMCID: PMC5895734 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that chronic inflammation caused by pathogen infection is connected to the development of various types of cancer. It is estimated that up to 20% of all cancer deaths is linked to infections and inflammation. In gastric cancer, such triggers can be infection of the gastric epithelium by either Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium present in half of the world population; or by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a double-stranded DNA virus which has recently been associated with gastric cancer. Both agents can establish lifelong inflammation by evolving to escape immune surveillance and, under certain conditions, contribute to the development of gastric cancer. Non-coding RNAs, mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), influence the host innate and adaptive immune responses, though long non-coding RNAs and viral miRNAs also alter these processes. Reports suggest that chronic infection results in altered expression of host miRNAs. In turn, dysregulated miRNAs modulate the host inflammatory immune response, favoring bacterial survival and persistence within the gastric mucosa. Given the established roles of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and innate immunity, they may serve as an important link between H. pylori- and EBV-associated inflammation and carcinogenesis. Example of this is up-regulation of miR-155 in H. pylori and EBV infection. The tumor environment contains a variety of cells that need to communicate with each other. Extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, allow these cells to deliver certain type of information to other cells promoting cancer growth and metastasis. Exosomes have been shown to deliver not only various types of genetic information, mainly miRNAs, but also cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), a major H. pylori virulence factor. In addition, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that exosomes contain genetic material of viruses and viral miRNAs and proteins such as EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) which are delivered into recipient cells. In this review, we focus on the dysregulated H. pylori- and EBV-associated miRNAs while trying to unveil possible causal mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss the role of exosomes as vehicles for miRNA delivery in H. pylori- and EBV-related carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Polakovicova
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC Center for Investigational Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofia Jerez
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio A Wichmann
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC Center for Investigational Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Nicolás Carrasco-Véliz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro H Corvalán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC Center for Investigational Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Waking up dormant tumor suppressor genes with zinc fingers, TALEs and the CRISPR/dCas9 system. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60535-60554. [PMID: 27528034 PMCID: PMC5312401 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) plays a major role during carcinogenesis and regaining these dormant functions by engineering of sequence-specific epigenome editing tools offers a unique opportunity for targeted therapies. However, effectively normalizing the expression and regaining tumor suppressive functions of silenced TSGs by artificial transcription factors (ATFs) still remains a major challenge. Herein we describe novel combinatorial strategies for the potent reactivation of two class II TSGs, MASPIN and REPRIMO, in cell lines with varying epigenetic states, using the CRISPR/dCas9 associated system linked to a panel of effector domains (VP64, p300, VPR and SAM complex), as well as with protein-based ATFs, Zinc Fingers and TALEs. We found that co-delivery of multiple effector domains using a combination of CRISPR/dCas9 and TALEs or SAM complex maximized activation in highly methylated promoters. In particular, CRISPR/dCas9 VPR with SAM upregulated MASPIN mRNA (22,145-fold change) in H157 lung cancer cells, with accompanying re-expression of MASPIN protein, which led to a concomitant inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptotic cell death. Consistently, CRISPR/dCas9 VP64 with SAM upregulated REPRIMO (680-fold change), which led to phenotypic reprogramming in AGS gastric cancer cells. Altogether, our results outlined novel sequence-specific, combinatorial epigenome editing approaches to reactivate highly methylated TSGs as a promising therapy for cancer and other diseases.
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17
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Sandoval-Bórquez A, Polakovicova I, Carrasco-Véliz N, Lobos-González L, Riquelme I, Carrasco-Avino G, Bizama C, Norero E, Owen GI, Roa JC, Corvalán AH. MicroRNA-335-5p is a potential suppressor of metastasis and invasion in gastric cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:114. [PMID: 29075357 PMCID: PMC5645854 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple aberrant microRNA expression has been reported in gastric cancer. Among them, microRNA-335-5p (miR-335), a microRNA regulated by DNA methylation, has been reported to possess both tumor suppressor and tumor promoter activities. Results Herein, we show that miR-335 levels are reduced in gastric cancer and significantly associate with lymph node metastasis, depth of tumor invasion, and ultimately poor patient survival in a cohort of Amerindian/Hispanic patients. In two gastric cancer cell lines AGS and, Hs 746T the exogenous miR-335 decreases migration, invasion, viability, and anchorage-independent cell growth capacities. Performing a PCR array on cells transfected with miR-335, 19 (30.6%) out of 62 genes involved in metastasis and tumor invasion showed decreased transcription levels. Network enrichment analysis narrowed these genes to nine (PLAUR, CDH11, COL4A2, CTGF, CTSK, MMP7, PDGFA, TIMP1, and TIMP2). Elevated levels of PLAUR, a validated target gene, and CDH11 were confirmed in tumors with low expression of miR-335. The 3′UTR of CDH11 was identified to be directly targeted by miR-335. Downregulation of miR-335 was also demonstrated in plasma samples from gastric cancer patients and inversely correlated with DNA methylation of promoter region (Z = 1.96, p = 0.029). DNA methylation, evaluated by methylation-specific PCR assay, was found in plasma from 23 (56.1%) out of 41 gastric cancer patients but in only 9 (30%) out of 30 healthy donors (p = 0.029, Pearson’s correlation). Taken in consideration, our results of the association with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis together with functional assays on cell migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity are in accordance with the downregulation of miR-335 in gastric cancer. Conclusions Comprehensive evaluation of metastasis and invasion pathway identified a subset of associated genes and confirmed PLAUR and CDH11, both targets of miR-335, to be overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues. DNA methylation of miR-335 may be a promissory strategy for non-invasive approach to gastric cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-017-0413-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Sandoval-Bórquez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, BIOREN-CEGIN, and Graduate Program in Applied Cell and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center UC for Investigational in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iva Polakovicova
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center UC for Investigational in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Carrasco-Véliz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center UC for Investigational in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Química, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Parque Biotecnológico, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ismael Riquelme
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, BIOREN-CEGIN, and Graduate Program in Applied Cell and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Carrasco-Avino
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Center UC for Investigational in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Norero
- Esophagogastric Surgery Unit, Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile.,Digestive Surgery Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gareth I Owen
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center UC for Investigational in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Roa
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, BIOREN-CEGIN, and Graduate Program in Applied Cell and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center UC for Investigational in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro H Corvalán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center UC for Investigational in Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Carrasco-Avino G, Riquelme I, Padilla O, Villaseca M, Aguayo FR, Corvalan AH. The conundrum of the Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma in the Americas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75687-75698. [PMID: 29088902 PMCID: PMC5650457 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma shows a higher prevalence in the Americas than Asia. We summarize all studies of Epstein Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma in the Americas, focusing on host characteristics, environmental associations and phylogeographic diversity of Epstein-Barr virus strains. In the Americas, the prevalence of Epstein Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma is 11.4%, more frequent in males and portray predominantly diffuse-type histology. EBERs, EBNAs, BARTs and LMP are the highest expressed genes; their variations in healthy individuals may explain the phylogeographic diversity of Epstein-Barr virus across the region. Gastric cancer cases harbor exclusively the western genotype (subtype D and kept Xho I site), suggesting a disrupted co-evolution between the pathogen and its host. Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma molecular subtype cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas display PIK3CA gene mutations, amplification of JAK2, PD-L1 and PD-L2 and CpG island methylator phenotype, leading to more extensive methylation of host and viral genomes than any other subtypes from the study. Environmental conditions include negative- and positive- associations with being firstborn child and smoking, respectively. A marginal association with H. pylori has also been reported. Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is associated with Epstein Barr virus in 80%-86% of cases, most of which have been included as part of Epstein Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma series (prevalence 1.1%-7.6%). Whether these cases represent a variant of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma is discussed. We propose novel research strategies to solve the conundrum of the high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Carrasco-Avino
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ismael Riquelme
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Department of Pathology, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Oslando Padilla
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Villaseca
- Department of Pathology, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Francisco R. Aguayo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro H. Corvalan
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Alarcón A, Figueroa U, Espinoza B, Sandoval A, Carrasco-Aviño G, Aguayo FR, Corvalan AH. Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Gastric Carcinoma: The Americas’ Perspective. Gastric Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.70201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Verma P, Pandey RK, Prajapati P, Prajapati VK. Circulating MicroRNAs: Potential and Emerging Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Human Infectious Diseases. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1274. [PMID: 27574520 PMCID: PMC4983550 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionary conserved, small non-coding RNA with size ranging from 19 to 24 nucleotides. They endogenously regulate the gene expression at the post transcriptional level either through translation repression or mRNA degradation. MiRNAs have shown the potential to be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of infectious diseases. Many miRNAs have shown significantly altered expression during infection. The altered expression of miRNA level in an infected human can be identified by the use of advanced diagnostic tools. In this review, we have highlighted the use of miRNA as an emerging tool for the identification of the human infectious disease. Till date, several miRNAs have been reported as a molecular biomarker in infectious diseases, such as miRNA-150 and miRNA-146b-5p in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); miRNA-122, miRNA-21, and miRNA-34a in hepatitis; miRNA-361-5p and miRNA-29c in tuberculosis; miRNA-16 and miRNA-451 in malaria and miRNA-181 in Helicobacter pylori infection. The diagnosis of infection with the help of a biomarker is a non-invasive tool that has shown to have a key role in early diagnosis of infection. The discovery of circulating miRNA in the blood of infected patients has the potential to become a powerful non-invasive biomarker in coming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmila Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer India
| | - Rajan K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer India
| | | | - Vijay K Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer India
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Corvalán AH, Maturana MJ. [Infections and epigenetic changes in cancer]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 87:245-9. [PMID: 27474231 DOI: 10.1016/j.rchipe.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of epigenetics and infectious diseases at early stages of life influence pre-malignant lesions of cancer, in particular, gastric cancer, one of the most frequent tumours in Chile, Latin America, and worldwide. This article examines the role of H.pylori and epigenetic alterations (i.e. DNA methylation) at early stages of gastric cancer and proposes, from the paediatric point of view, strategies for prevention and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro H Corvalán
- Departamento de Hematología y Oncología, División de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - María José Maturana
- Departamento de Hematología y Oncología, División de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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