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Sanjuan-Sanjuan A, Alors-Perez E, Sanchez-Frías M, Monserrat-Barbudo JA, Falguera Uceda M, Heredero-Jung S, Luque RM. Splicing Machinery Is Impaired in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Linked to Key Pathophysiological Features. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6929. [PMID: 39000035 PMCID: PMC11240936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing dysregulation is an emerging cancer hallmark, potentially serving as a source of novel diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic tools. Inhibitors of the activity of the splicing machinery can exert antitumoral effects in cancer cells. We aimed to characterize the splicing machinery (SM) components in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to evaluate the direct impact of the inhibition of SM-activity on OSCC-cells. The expression of 59 SM-components was assessed using a prospective case-control study of tumor and healthy samples from 37 OSCC patients, and the relationship with clinical and histopathological features was assessed. The direct effect of pladienolide-B (SM-inhibitor) on the proliferation rate of primary OSCC cell cultures was evaluated. A significant dysregulation in several SM components was found in OSCC vs. adjacent-healthy tissues [i.e., 12 out of 59 (20%)], and their expression was associated with clinical and histopathological features of less aggressiveness and overall survival. Pladienolide-B treatment significantly decreased OSCC-cell proliferation. Our data reveal a significantly altered expression of several SM-components and link it to pathophysiological features, reinforcing a potential clinical and pathophysiological relevance of the SM dysregulation in OSCC. The inhibition of SM-activity might be a therapeutic avenue in OSCC, offering a clinically relevant opportunity to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Sanjuan-Sanjuan
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, HURS, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, CAMC Hospital, Charleston, WV 25301, USA
| | - Emilia Alors-Perez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Marina Sanchez-Frías
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Anatomical Pathology Service, IMIBIC/HURS, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - José A Monserrat-Barbudo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, HURS, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Mabel Falguera Uceda
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, HURS, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Susana Heredero-Jung
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, HURS, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
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2
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Zhao J, Yu H, Han T, Zhu X. Prognosis Value of microRNA-3677-3p in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Its Regulatory Effect on Tumor Progression. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:9261-9270. [PMID: 34955656 PMCID: PMC8694712 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s330357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) was the most common subtype of lung cancer, and may result in a poor prognosis. This study was designed to explore the role of miR-3677-3p in LUAD and discuss in what way it functions in LUAD. Materials and Methods We used RT-qPCR method to detect the expression levels of miR-3677-3p in 105 pairs of LUAD tissues and noncancerous tissues, as also as in LUAD cells. We used χ 2 test to analyze the correlation between miR-3677-3p level and the clinical data. The prognosis significance of miR-3677-3p was inferred with Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression assays. Biological functions of LUAD cells were accessed by cell counting kit-8, transwell migration and invasion assay. The target gene of miR-3677-3p was investigated by luciferase activity assay. Results miR-3677-3p represented an ascendant expression in LUAD tissue specimens and cells. miR-3677-3p expression was associated with the TNM stage and with solitary metastasis. Over-expression of miR-3677-3p can shorten the overall survival period of LUAD patients when compared with low expression. Knockdown of miR-3677-3p suppressed the biology function of NSCLC cells including proliferation, migration, and invasion. KLF12 was a target gene of miR-3677-3p. Conclusion miR-3677-3p represents as a potential prognostic biomarker for LUAD. miR-3677-3p can promote LUAD progression by targeting KLF12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Third Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Yu
- Third Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianci Han
- Third Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Department of General Medicine, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Villemin JP, Lorenzi C, Cabrillac MS, Oldfield A, Ritchie W, Luco RF. A cell-to-patient machine learning transfer approach uncovers novel basal-like breast cancer prognostic markers amongst alternative splice variants. BMC Biol 2021; 19:70. [PMID: 33845831 PMCID: PMC8042689 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is amongst the 10 first causes of death in women worldwide. Around 20% of patients are misdiagnosed leading to early metastasis, resistance to treatment and relapse. Many clinical and gene expression profiles have been successfully used to classify breast tumours into 5 major types with different prognosis and sensitivity to specific treatments. Unfortunately, these profiles have failed to subclassify breast tumours into more subtypes to improve diagnostics and survival rate. Alternative splicing is emerging as a new source of highly specific biomarkers to classify tumours in different grades. Taking advantage of extensive public transcriptomics datasets in breast cancer cell lines (CCLE) and breast cancer tumours (TCGA), we have addressed the capacity of alternative splice variants to subclassify highly aggressive breast cancers. RESULTS Transcriptomics analysis of alternative splicing events between luminal, basal A and basal B breast cancer cell lines identified a unique splicing signature for a subtype of tumours, the basal B, whose classification is not in use in the clinic yet. Basal B cell lines, in contrast with luminal and basal A, are highly metastatic and express epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) markers, which are hallmarks of cell invasion and resistance to drugs. By developing a semi-supervised machine learning approach, we transferred the molecular knowledge gained from these cell lines into patients to subclassify basal-like triple negative tumours into basal A- and basal B-like categories. Changes in splicing of 25 alternative exons, intimately related to EMT and cell invasion such as ENAH, CD44 and CTNND1, were sufficient to identify the basal-like patients with the worst prognosis. Moreover, patients expressing this basal B-specific splicing signature also expressed newly identified biomarkers of metastasis-initiating cells, like CD36, supporting a more invasive phenotype for this basal B-like breast cancer subtype. CONCLUSIONS Using a novel machine learning approach, we have identified an EMT-related splicing signature capable of subclassifying the most aggressive type of breast cancer, which are basal-like triple negative tumours. This proof-of-concept demonstrates that the biological knowledge acquired from cell lines can be transferred to patients data for further clinical investigation. More studies, particularly in 3D culture and organoids, will increase the accuracy of this transfer of knowledge, which will open new perspectives into the development of novel therapeutic strategies and the further identification of specific biomarkers for drug resistance and cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Villemin
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH-UMR9002), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claudio Lorenzi
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH-UMR9002), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Sarah Cabrillac
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH-UMR9002), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew Oldfield
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH-UMR9002), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - William Ritchie
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH-UMR9002), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Reini F Luco
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH-UMR9002), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Alternative splicing of ceramide synthase 2 alters levels of specific ceramides and modulates cancer cell proliferation and migration in Luminal B breast cancer subtype. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:171. [PMID: 33568634 PMCID: PMC7876150 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Global dysregulation of RNA splicing and imbalanced sphingolipid metabolism has emerged as promoters of cancer cell transformation. Here, we present specific signature of alternative splicing (AS) events of sphingolipid genes for each breast cancer subtype from the TCGA-BRCA dataset. We show that ceramide synthase 2 (CERS2) undergoes a unique cassette exon event specifically in Luminal B subtype tumors. We validated this exon 8 skipping event in Luminal B cancer cells compared to normal epithelial cells, and in patient-derived tumor tissues compared to matched normal tissues. Differential AS-based survival analysis shows that this AS event of CERS2 is a poor prognostic factor for Luminal B patients. As Exon 8 corresponds to catalytic Lag1p domain, overexpression of AS transcript of CERS2 in Luminal B cancer cells leads to a reduction in the level of very-long-chain ceramides compared to overexpression of protein-coding (PC) transcript of CERS2. We further demonstrate that this AS event-mediated decrease of very-long-chain ceramides leads to enhanced cancer cell proliferation and migration. Therefore, our results show subtype-specific AS of sphingolipid genes as a regulatory mechanism that deregulates sphingolipids like ceramides in breast tumors, and can be explored further as a suitable therapeutic target.
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5
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Panzeri V, Manni I, Capone A, Naro C, Sacconi A, Di Agostino S, de Latouliere L, Montori A, Pilozzi E, Piaggio G, Capurso G, Sette C. The RNA-binding protein MEX3A is a prognostic factor and regulator of resistance to gemcitabine in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mol Oncol 2020; 15:579-595. [PMID: 33159833 PMCID: PMC7858117 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer. Most patients present with advanced disease at diagnosis, which only permits palliative chemotherapeutic treatments. RNA dysregulation is a hallmark of most human cancers, including PDAC. To test the impact of RNA processing dysregulation on PDAC pathology, we performed a bioinformatics analysis to identify RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) associated with prognosis. Among the 12 RBPs associated with progression-free survival, we focused on MEX3A because it was recently shown to mark an intestinal stem cell population that is refractory to chemotherapeutic treatments, a typical feature of PDAC. Increased expression of MEX3A was correlated with higher disease stage in PDAC patients and with tumor development in a mouse model of PDAC. Depletion of MEX3A in PDAC cells enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapeutic treatment with gemcitabine, whereas its expression was increased in PDAC cells selected upon chronic exposure to the drug. RNA-sequencing analyses highlighted hundreds of genes whose expression is sensitive to MEX3A expression, with significant enrichment in cell cycle genes. MEX3A binds to its target mRNAs, like cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), and promotes their stability. Accordingly, knockdown of MEX3A caused a significant reduction in PDAC cell proliferation and in progression to the S phase of the cell cycle. These findings uncover a novel role for MEX3A in the acquisition and maintenance of chemoresistance by PDAC cells, suggesting that it may represent a novel therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Panzeri
- Department of Science Medical/Chirurgic and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Manni
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Naro
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Agostino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa de Latouliere
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Montori
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, UOC Anatomia Patologica, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pilozzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, UOC Anatomia Patologica, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- PancreatoBiliary Endoscopy and EUS Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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6
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Hesham D, El-Naggar S. Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed an Emerging Role of Alternative Splicing in Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091108. [PMID: 32971786 PMCID: PMC7563716 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) is an aggressive and rare pediatric embryonal brain tumor. Amplification of C19MC microRNA cluster and expression of LIN28 are distinctive features of ETMR. Despite the increasing efforts to decipher ETMR, the biology remains poorly understood. To date, the role of aberrant alternative splicing in ETMR has not been thoroughly investigated. In the current study, a comprehensive analysis was performed on published unprocessed RNA-seq reads of tissue-matched ETMR and fetal controls datasets. Gene expression was quantified in samples using Kallisto/sleuth pipeline. For the alternative splicing analysis, STAR, SplAdder and rMATS were used. Functional enrichment analysis was subsequently performed using Metascape. The expression analysis identified a total of 3622 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ETMR and fetal controls while 1627 genes showed differential alternative splicing patterns. Interestingly, genes with significant alternative splicing events in ETMR were identified to be involved in signaling pathways such as ErbB, mTOR and MAPK pathways as well as ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, cell cycle and autophagy. Moreover, up-regulated DEGs with alternative splicing events were involved in important biological processes including nuclear transport, regulation of cell cycle and regulation of Wnt signaling pathway. These findings highlight the role of aberrant alternative splicing in shaping the ETMR tumor landscape, and the identified pathways constitute potential therapeutic targets.
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7
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Huang AZ, Delaidelli A, Sorensen PH. RNA modifications in brain tumorigenesis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:64. [PMID: 32375856 PMCID: PMC7204278 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications are emerging as critical regulators in cancer biology, thanks to their ability to influence gene expression and the predominant protein isoforms expressed during cell proliferation, migration, and other pro-oncogenic properties. The reversibility and dynamic nature of post-transcriptional RNA modifications allow cells to quickly adapt to microenvironmental changes. Recent literature has revealed that the deregulation of RNA modifications can promote a plethora of developmental diseases, including tumorigenesis. In this review, we will focus on four key post-transcriptional RNA modifications which have been identified as contributors to the pathogenesis of brain tumors: m6A, alternative polyadenylation, alternative splicing and adenosine to inosine modifications. In addition to the role of RNA modifications in brain tumor progression, we will also discuss potential opportunities to target these processes to improve the dismal prognosis for brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Z Huang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Tanaka I, Chakraborty A, Saulnier O, Benoit-Pilven C, Vacher S, Labiod D, Lam EWF, Bièche I, Delattre O, Pouzoulet F, Auboeuf D, Vagner S, Dutertre M. ZRANB2 and SYF2-mediated splicing programs converging on ECT2 are involved in breast cancer cell resistance to doxorubicin. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:2676-2693. [PMID: 31943118 PMCID: PMC7049692 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides analyses of specific alternative splicing (AS) variants, little is known about AS regulatory pathways and programs involved in anticancer drug resistance. Doxorubicin is widely used in breast cancer chemotherapy. Here, we identified 1723 AS events and 41 splicing factors regulated in a breast cancer cell model of acquired resistance to doxorubicin. An RNAi screen on splicing factors identified the little studied ZRANB2 and SYF2, whose depletion partially reversed doxorubicin resistance. By RNAi and RNA-seq in resistant cells, we found that the AS programs controlled by ZRANB2 and SYF2 were enriched in resistance-associated AS events, and converged on the ECT2 splice variant including exon 5 (ECT2-Ex5+). Both ZRANB2 and SYF2 were found associated with ECT2 pre-messenger RNA, and ECT2-Ex5+ isoform depletion reduced doxorubicin resistance. Following doxorubicin treatment, resistant cells accumulated in S phase, which partially depended on ZRANB2, SYF2 and the ECT2-Ex5+ isoform. Finally, doxorubicin combination with an oligonucleotide inhibiting ECT2-Ex5 inclusion reduced doxorubicin-resistant tumor growth in mouse xenografts, and high ECT2-Ex5 inclusion levels were associated with bad prognosis in breast cancer treated with chemotherapy. Altogether, our data identify AS programs controlled by ZRANB2 and SYF2 and converging on ECT2, that participate to breast cancer cell resistance to doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Tanaka
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Paris Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer
| | - Alina Chakraborty
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Paris Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer
| | - Olivier Saulnier
- Institut Curie Research Center, SIREDO Oncology Center, Paris-Sciences-Lettres Research University, INSERM U830, Laboratory of Biology and Genetics of Cancers, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | | | - Sophie Vacher
- Unité de Pharmacogénomique, Service de génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Dalila Labiod
- Paris Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Experimental Radiotherapy Platform, Orsay, France
| | | | - Ivan Bièche
- Unité de Pharmacogénomique, Service de génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Institut Curie Research Center, SIREDO Oncology Center, Paris-Sciences-Lettres Research University, INSERM U830, Laboratory of Biology and Genetics of Cancers, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Frédéric Pouzoulet
- Paris Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, Experimental Radiotherapy Platform, Orsay, France
| | - Didier Auboeuf
- CNRS UMR 5239, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphan Vagner
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Paris Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer
| | - Martin Dutertre
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Paris Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer
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Rosso M, Lapyckyj L, Besso MJ, Monge M, Reventós J, Canals F, Quevedo Cuenca JO, Matos ML, Vazquez-Levin MH. Characterization of the molecular changes associated with the overexpression of a novel epithelial cadherin splice variant mRNA in a breast cancer model using proteomics and bioinformatics approaches: identification of changes in cell metabolism and an increased expression of lactate dehydrogenase B. Cancer Metab 2019; 7:5. [PMID: 31086659 PMCID: PMC6507066 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-019-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common female cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Alterations in epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) expression and functions are associated to BC, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We have previously reported a novel human E-cadherin splice variant (E-cadherin variant) mRNA. Stable transfectants in MCF-7 human BC cells (MCF7Ecadvar) depicted fibroblast-like cell morphology, E-cadherin wild-type downregulation, and other molecular changes characteristic of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process, reduced cell-cell adhesion, and increased cell migration and invasion. In this study, a two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) protein identification and bioinformatics analyses were done to characterize biological processes and canonical pathways affected by E-cadherin variant expression. Results By 2D-DIGE and MS analysis, 50 proteins were found differentially expressed (≥ Δ1.5) in MCF7Ecadvar compared to control cells. Validation of transcript expression was done in the ten most overexpressed and underexpressed proteins. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that 39 of the 50 proteins identified had been previously associated to BC. Moreover, metabolic processes were the most affected, and glycolysis the canonical pathway most altered. The lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) was the highest overexpressed protein, and transcript levels were higher in MCF7Ecadvar than in control cells. In agreement with these findings, MCF7Ecadvar conditioned media had lower glucose and higher lactate levels than control cells. MCF7Ecadvar cell treatment with 5 mM of the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-glucose led to decreased cell viability, and modulation of LDHB expression in MCF7Ecadvar cells with a specific small interfering RNA resulted in decreased cell proliferation. Finally, a positive association between expression levels of the E-cadherin variant and LDHB transcripts was demonstrated in 21 human breast tumor tissues, and breast tumor samples with higher Ki67 expression showed higher LDHB mRNA levels. Conclusions Results from this investigation contributed to further characterize molecular changes associated to the novel E-cadherin splice variant expression in BC cells. They also revealed an association between expression of the novel variant and changes related to BC progression and aggressiveness, in particular those associated to cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rosso
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lara Lapyckyj
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Besso
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Monge
- 2Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Reventós
- 3Departament de Ciències Bàsiques, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Canals
- 2Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Oswaldo Quevedo Cuenca
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Matos
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Hebe Vazquez-Levin
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Anufrieva KS, Shender VO, Arapidi GP, Lagarkova MA, Govorun VM. The Diverse Roles of Spliceosomal Proteins in the Regulation of Cell Processes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Tiloke C, Anand K, Gengan RM, Chuturgoon AA. Moringa oleifera and their phytonanoparticles: Potential antiproliferative agents against cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:457-466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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12
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Abstract
Cancer metastasis is defined as the dissemination of malignant cells from the primary tumor site, leading to colonization of distant organs and the establishment of a secondary tumor. Metastasis is frequently associated with chemoresistance and is the major cause of cancer-related mortality. Metastatic cells need to acquire the ability to resist to stresses provided by different environments, such as reactive oxygen species, shear stress, hemodynamic forces, stromal composition, and immune responses, to colonize other tissues. Hence, only a small population of cells has a metastasis-initiating potential. Several studies have revealed the misregulation of transcriptional variants during cancer progression, and many splice events can be used to distinguish between normal and tumoral tissue. These variants, which are abnormally expressed in malignant cells, contribute to an adaptive response of tumor cells and the success of the metastatic cascade, promoting an anomalous cell cycle, cellular adhesion, resistance to death, cell survival, migration and invasion. Understanding the different aspects of splicing regulation and the influence of transcriptional variants that control metastatic cells is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies. In this review, we describe how transcriptional variants contribute to metastatic competence and discuss how targeting specific isoforms may be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice De Faria Poloni
- a Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Diego Bonatto
- a Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
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13
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Annalora AJ, O'Neil S, Bushman JD, Summerton JE, Marcus CB, Iversen PL. A k-mer based transcriptomics approach for antisense drug discovery targeting the Ewing's family of tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30568-30586. [PMID: 30093970 PMCID: PMC6078127 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing’s sarcoma treatment failures are associated with high mortality indicating a need for new therapeutic approaches. We used a k-mer counting approach to identify cancer-specific mRNA transcripts in 3 Ewing’s Family Tumor (EFT) cell lines not found in the normal human transcriptome. Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers targeting six EFT-specific transcripts were evaluated for cytotoxicity in TC-32 and CHLA-10 EFT lines and in HEK293 renal epithelial control cells. Average morpholino efficacy (EC50) was 0.66 ± 0.13 in TC-32, 0.25 ± 0.14 in CHLA-10 and 3.07 ± 5.02 µM in HEK293 control cells (ANOVA p < 0.01). Synergy was observed for a cocktail of 12 morpholinos at low dose (0.3 µM) in TC-32 cells, but not in CHLA-10 cells. Paired synergy was also observed in both EFT cell lines when the PHGDH pre-mRNA transcript was targeted in combination with XAGE1B or CYP4F22 transcripts. Antagonism was observed when CCND1 was targeted with XAGE1B or CYP4F22, or when IGFBP-2 was targeted with CCND1 or RBM11. This transcriptome profiling approach is highly effective for cancer drug discovery, as it identified new EWS-specific target genes (e.g. CYP4F22, RBM11 and IGBP-2), and predicted effective antisense agents (EC50 < 1 µM) that demonstrate both synergy and antagonism in combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Annalora
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Shawn O'Neil
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | | | - Craig B Marcus
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Patrick L Iversen
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.,LS Pharma, LLC, Grand Junction, CO 81507, USA
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14
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Bielli P, Panzeri V, Lattanzio R, Mutascio S, Pieraccioli M, Volpe E, Pagliarulo V, Piantelli M, Giannantoni A, Di Stasi SM, Sette C. The Splicing Factor PTBP1 Promotes Expression of Oncogenic Splice Variants and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Non-muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5422-5432. [PMID: 30012566 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a malignant disease characterized by high heterogeneity, which corresponds to dysregulated gene expression and alternative splicing (AS) profiles. Bioinformatics analyses of splicing factors potentially linked to bladder cancer progression identified the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein I (i.e., PTBP1) as candidate. This study aimed at investigating whether PTBP1 expression associates with clinical outcome in patients with NMIBC.Experimental Design: A cohort of 152 patients presenting with primary NMIBC (pTa-pT1) was enrolled. Primary NMIBCs were assessed for PTBP1 expression by IHC, and the results were correlated with clinical data using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analyses. Cell proliferation and survival assays were performed to assess the function of PTBP1. Furthermore, the impact of PTBP1 on the AS pattern of specific bladder cancer-related genes was investigated in cancer cell lines and in patients' specimens.Results: Public datasets querying highlighted a positive correlation between PTBP1 expression and NMIBC progression, which was then confirmed by IHC analysis. High PTBP1 expression was associated with worse clinical outcome in terms of incidence of tumor relapse and survival in patients with NMIBC. Interestingly, downregulation of PTBP1 in bladder cancer cell lines affected prosurvival features. Accordingly, PTBP1 modulated AS of bladder cancer-related genes in cell lines and patient's specimens.Conclusions: PTBP1 expression correlates with disease progression, poor prognosis, and worse survival in patients with NMIBC. Downregulation of PTBP1 expression affects prosurvival features of bladder cancer cells and modulates AS of genes with relevance for bladder cancer, suggesting its role as an outcome-predictor in this disease. Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5422-32. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Bielli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Panzeri
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Science Medical/Chirurgic and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Institute of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.,Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Mutascio
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pieraccioli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Pagliarulo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Piantelli
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonella Giannantoni
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Savino M Di Stasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Sette
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy. .,Institute of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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15
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Kaur G, Helmer RA, Smith LA, Martinez-Zaguilan R, Dufour JM, Chilton BS. Alternative splicing of helicase-like transcription factor (Hltf): Intron retention-dependent activation of immune tolerance at the feto-maternal interface. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200211. [PMID: 29975766 PMCID: PMC6033450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hltf is regulated by intron retention, and global Hltf-deletion causes perinatal lethality from hypoglycemia. In heart, full-length Hltf is a transcriptional regulator of Hif-1α that controls transport systems. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that Hltf deletion from placenta caused or exacerbated neonatal hypoglycemia via Hif-1α regulation of nutrient transporters. RNA-seq data analyses identified significant changes in transcript expression and alternative splicing (AS) in E18.5 placentome. iPathwayGuide was used for gene ontology (GO) analysis of biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components. Elim pruning algorithm identified hierarchical relationships. The methylome was interrogated by Methyl-MiniSeq Epiquest analysis. GO analysis identified gene enrichment within biological processes. Protein expression was visualized with immunohistochemistry. Although two Hltf mRNA isoforms are quantifiable in most murine tissues, only the truncated Hltf isoform is expressed in placenta. The responsible intron retention event occurs in the absence of DNA methylation. iPathwayGuide analysis identified 157 target genes of 11,538 total genes with measured expression. These were obtained using a threshold of 0.05 for statistical significance (p-value) and a long fold change of expression with absolute value of at least 0.6. Hltf deletion altered transcription of trophoblast lineage-specific genes, and increased transcription of the Cxcr7 (p = 0.004) gene whose protein product is a co-receptor for human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. Concomitant increased Cxcr7 protein was identified with immunolabeling. Hltf deletion had no effect on transcription or site-specific methylation patterns of Hif-1α, the major glucose transporters, or System A amino acid transporters. There was no measureable evidence of uteroplacental dysfunction or fetal compromise. iPathGuide analysis revealed Hltf suppresses cytolysis (10/21 genes; p-value 1.900e-12; p-value correction: Elim pruning; GO:019835) including the perforin-granzyme pathway in uterine natural killer cells. Our findings 1) prove the truncated Hltf protein isoform is a transcription factor, 2) establish a functional link between AS of Hltf and immunosuppression at the feto-maternal interface, 3) correlate intron retention with the absence of DNA methylation, and 4) underscore the importance of differential splicing analysis to identify Hltf's functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurvinder Kaur
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Helmer
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Smith
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Raul Martinez-Zaguilan
- Department of Cell Physiology & Molecular Biophysics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jannette M. Dufour
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Beverly S. Chilton
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
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16
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Anufrieva KS, Shender VО, Arapidi GP, Pavlyukov MS, Shakhparonov MI, Shnaider PV, Butenko IO, Lagarkova MA, Govorun VM. Therapy-induced stress response is associated with downregulation of pre-mRNA splicing in cancer cells. Genome Med 2018; 10:49. [PMID: 29950180 PMCID: PMC6020472 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-018-0557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal pre-mRNA splicing regulation is common in cancer, but the effects of chemotherapy on this process remain unclear. METHODS To evaluate the effect of chemotherapy on slicing regulation, we performed meta-analyses of previously published transcriptomic, proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and secretome datasets. Our findings were verified by LC-MS/MS, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and FACS analyses of multiple cancer cell lines treated with cisplatin and pladienolide B. RESULTS Our results revealed that different types of chemotherapy lead to similar changes in alternative splicing by inducing intron retention in multiple genes. To determine the mechanism underlying this effect, we analyzed gene expression in 101 cell lines affected by ɣ-irradiation, hypoxia, and 10 various chemotherapeutic drugs. Strikingly, оnly genes involved in the cell cycle and pre-mRNA splicing regulation were changed in a similar manner in all 335 tested samples regardless of stress stimuli. We revealed significant downregulation of gene expression levels in these two pathways, which could be explained by the observed decrease in splicing efficiency and global intron retention. We showed that the levels of active spliceosomal proteins might be further post-translationally decreased by phosphorylation and export into the extracellular space. To further explore these bioinformatics findings, we performed proteomic analysis of cisplatin-treated ovarian cancer cells. Finally, we demonstrated that the splicing inhibitor pladienolide B impairs the cellular response to DNA damage and significantly increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Decreased splicing efficiency and global intron retention is a novel stress response mechanism that may promote survival of malignant cells following therapy. We found that this mechanism can be inhibited by pladienolide B, which significantly increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to cisplatin which makes it a good candidate drug for improving the efficiency of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S Anufrieva
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
- Systems Biology Lab, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Moscow, Region, 141701, Russia.
| | - Victoria О Shender
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia.
| | - Georgij P Arapidi
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
- Systems Biology Lab, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Moscow, Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Marat S Pavlyukov
- Laboratory of Membrane Bioenergetics, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Michail I Shakhparonov
- Laboratory of Membrane Bioenergetics, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Polina V Shnaider
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Ivan O Butenko
- Laboratory of Proteomic Analysis, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Maria A Lagarkova
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
| | - Vadim M Govorun
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Laboratory of Proteomic Analysis, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russia
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17
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Vallin B, Legueux-Cajgfinger Y, Clément N, Glorian M, Duca L, Vincent P, Limon I, Blaise R. Novel short isoforms of adenylyl cyclase as negative regulators of cAMP production. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1326-1340. [PMID: 29940197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, we cloned a new family of four adenylyl cyclase (AC) splice variants from interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-transdifferentiated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) encoding short forms of AC8 that we have named "AC8E-H". Using biosensor imaging and biochemical approaches, we showed that AC8E-H isoforms have no cyclase activity and act as dominant-negative regulators by forming heterodimers with other full-length ACs, impeding the traffic of functional units towards the plasma membrane. The existence of these dominant-negative isoforms may account for an unsuspected additional degree of cAMP signaling regulation. It also reconciles the induction of an AC in transdifferentiated VSMCs with the vasoprotective influence of cAMP. The generation of alternative splice variants of ACs may constitute a generalized strategy of adaptation to the cell's environment whose scope had so far been ignored in physiological and/or pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Vallin
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256 Adaptation biologique et vieillissement (B2A), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yohan Legueux-Cajgfinger
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256 Adaptation biologique et vieillissement (B2A), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Clément
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256 Adaptation biologique et vieillissement (B2A), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Martine Glorian
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256 Adaptation biologique et vieillissement (B2A), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Duca
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Laboratoire Signalisation et Récepteurs Matriciels (SiRMa), Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Pierre Vincent
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256 Adaptation biologique et vieillissement (B2A), 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Isabelle Limon
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256 Adaptation biologique et vieillissement (B2A), 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Régis Blaise
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256 Adaptation biologique et vieillissement (B2A), 75005 Paris, France
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18
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Alternative polyadenylation of ZEB1 promotes its translation during genotoxic stress in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3168. [PMID: 29120411 PMCID: PMC5775412 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by extremely poor prognosis. The standard chemotherapeutic drug, gemcitabine, does not offer significant improvements for PDAC management due to the rapid acquisition of drug resistance by patients. Recent evidence indicates that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PDAC cells is strictly associated to early metastasization and resistance to chemotherapy. However, it is not exactly clear how EMT is related to drug resistance or how chemotherapy influences EMT. Herein, we found that ZEB1 is the only EMT-related transcription factor that clearly segregates mesenchymal and epithelial PDAC cell lines. Gemcitabine treatment caused upregulation of ZEB1 protein through post-transcriptional mechanisms in mesenchymal PDAC cells within a context of global inhibition of protein synthesis. The increase in ZEB1 protein correlates with alternative polyadenylation of the transcript, leading to shortening of the 3' untranslated region (UTR) and deletion of binding sites for repressive microRNAs. Polysome profiling indicated that shorter ZEB1 transcripts are specifically retained on the polysomes of PDAC cells during genotoxic stress, while most mRNAs, including longer ZEB1 transcripts, are depleted. Thus, our findings uncover a novel layer of ZEB1 regulation through 3'-end shortening of its transcript and selective association with polysomes under genotoxic stress, strongly suggesting that PDAC cells rely on upregulation of ZEB1 protein expression to withstand hostile environments.
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19
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Zhu HQ, Gao FH. The Molecular Mechanisms of Regulation on USP2's Alternative Splicing and the Significance of Its Products. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1489-1496. [PMID: 29230097 PMCID: PMC5723915 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.21637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) has a regulatory function in cell growth or death and is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. USP2 gene can generate 7 splicing variants through alternative splicing, and 5 variants respectively as USP2-201, USP2-202, USP2-204, USP2-205, USP2-206 can encode proteins. The influence of circadian rhythm, nutrition and androgen on specific signaling molecules or cytokines can regulate the alternative splicing of USP2. Specifically, PKC activator, IL-1β, TNF-α, PDGF-BB, TGF-β1 are all regulatory factors for USP2's alternative splicing. USP2-201 plays a crucial role in cell cycle progression, and is also of great significance in EGFR recycling. USP2-202 can activate apoptosis signaling pathway to participate in cell apoptosis, and USP2-204 can induce cell anti-virus reaction to decrease. In general, we collect and summarize the factors involved in the alternative splicing of USP2 in this review to further understand the mechanism behind the USP2's alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng-Hou Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai, China
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20
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Marques DS, Grativol J, Alves da Silva Peres R, da Rocha Matos A, Gimba ERP. Osteopontin-c isoform levels are associated with SR and hnRNP differential expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317725442. [PMID: 28936921 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317725442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin-c splicing isoform activates ovarian cancer progression features. Imbalanced expression of splicing factors from serine/arginine -rich and heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins families has been correlated with the generation of oncogenic splicing isoforms. Our goal was to investigate whether there is any association between the transcriptional patterns of these splicing factors in ovarian cells and osteopontin-c expression levels. We also aimed to investigate the occurrence of these splicing factors binding sites inside osteopontin exon 4 and adjacent introns. To test associations between osteopontin-c and splicing factors expression patterns, we used an in vitro model in which OVCAR-3 cells overexpressing osteopontin-c (OVCAR-3/OPNc++) presented higher transcriptional levels of osteopontin-c than two other ovarian carcinoma cells (TOV-112D, SKOV-3) and ovarian non-tumoral cell lines (IOSE 364 and IOSE 385). The transcriptional levels of osteopontin-c, serine/arginine-rich, and hnRNP factors were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Human Splice Finder software was used to search for putative splicing factor binding sites in osteopontin genomic regions. OVCAR-3/OPNc++ cells presented higher transcriptional levels of hnRNP than serine/arginine-rich when compared to TOV-112D, SKOV-3, and IOSE cells. TOV-112D and SKOV-3 cells also overexpressed hnRNP in relation to serine/arginine-rich transcripts. Putative binding sites for these splicing factors have been predicted on osteopontin exon 4 and their upstream and downstream intronic regions. Our data showed that higher osteopontin-c expression levels are associated with a predominance of hnRNP in relation to serine/arginine-rich transcripts and that osteopontin exon 4 and adjacent intronic sequences contain predicted binding sites for some of these tested splicing factors. In conclusion, differential expression of these splicing factors in ovarian cancer cells could be one of the putative mechanisms leading to aberrant splicing of the osteopontin primary transcript. Future work, aiming to control ovarian cancer progression by downregulating osteopontin-c levels, could include strategies that also regulate heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins and serine/arginine-rich expression levels in order to modulate osteopontin splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durval Santos Marques
- 1 Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biomédicas (Fisiologia e Farmacologia), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jessica Grativol
- 2 Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Aline da Rocha Matos
- 3 Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Etel Rodrigues Pereira Gimba
- 4 Departamento de Ciências da Natureza (RCN), Instituto de Humanidades e Saúde (IHS), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,5 Coordenação de Pesquisa, Programa de Pós Graduação Stricto Sensu em Oncologia do INCa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCa), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Wang J, Dumartin L, Mafficini A, Ulug P, Sangaralingam A, Alamiry NA, Radon TP, Salvia R, Lawlor RT, Lemoine NR, Scarpa A, Chelala C, Crnogorac-Jurcevic T. Splice variants as novel targets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2980. [PMID: 28592875 PMCID: PMC5462735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a wealth of genomic information, a comprehensive alternative splicing (AS) analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been performed yet. In the present study, we assessed whole exome-based transcriptome and AS profiles of 43 pancreas tissues using Affymetrix exon array. The AS analysis of PDAC indicated on average two AS probe-sets (ranging from 1-28) in 1,354 significantly identified protein-coding genes, with skipped exon and alternative first exon being the most frequently utilised. In addition to overrepresented extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and focal adhesion that were also seen in transcriptome differential expression (DE) analysis, Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis and axon guidance AS genes were also highly represented. Of note, the highest numbers of AS probe-sets were found in collagen genes, which encode the characteristically abundant stroma seen in PDAC. We also describe a set of 37 'hypersensitive' genes which were frequently targeted by somatic mutations, copy number alterations, DE and AS, indicating their propensity for multidimensional regulation. We provide the most comprehensive overview of the AS landscape in PDAC with underlying changes in the spliceosomal machinery. We also collate a set of AS and DE genes encoding cell surface proteins, which present promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Laurent Dumartin
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Andrea Mafficini
- ARC-Net Research Centre and Department of Diagnostics and Publich Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pinar Ulug
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ajanthah Sangaralingam
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Namaa Audi Alamiry
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Tomasz P Radon
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Roberto Salvia
- ARC-Net Research Centre and Department of Diagnostics and Publich Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rita T Lawlor
- ARC-Net Research Centre and Department of Diagnostics and Publich Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicholas R Lemoine
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Research Centre and Department of Diagnostics and Publich Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claude Chelala
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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22
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Bielli P, Sette C. Analysis of in vivo Interaction between RNA Binding Proteins and Their RNA Targets by UV Cross-linking and Immunoprecipitation (CLIP) Method. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2274. [PMID: 28573168 PMCID: PMC5448666 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA metabolism is tightly controlled across different tissues and developmental stages, and its dysregulation is one of the molecular hallmarks of cancer. Through direct binding to specific sequence element(s), RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play a pivotal role in co- and post-transcriptional RNA regulatory events. We have recently demonstrated that, in pancreatic cancer cells, acquisition of a drug resistant (DR)-phenotype relied on upregulation of the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTBP1), which in turn is recruited to the pyruvate kinase pre-mRNA and favors splicing of the oncogenic PKM2 variant. Herein, we describe a step-by-step protocol of the ultraviolet (UV) light cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) method to determine the direct binding of a RBP to specific regions of its target RNAs in adherent human cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Bielli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuroembriology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuroembriology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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23
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Annalora AJ, Marcus CB, Iversen PL. Alternative Splicing in the Cytochrome P450 Superfamily Expands Protein Diversity to Augment Gene Function and Redirect Human Drug Metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:375-389. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.073254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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24
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Matos ML, Lapyckyj L, Rosso M, Besso MJ, Mencucci MV, Briggiler CIM, Giustina S, Furlong LI, Vazquez-Levin MH. Identification of a Novel Human E-Cadherin Splice Variant and Assessment of Its Effects Upon EMT-Related Events. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1368-1386. [PMID: 27682981 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial Cadherin (E-cadherin) is involved in calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion and signal transduction. The E-cadherin decrease/loss is a hallmark of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), a key event in tumor progression. The underlying molecular mechanisms that trigger E-cadherin loss and consequent EMT have not been completely elucidated. This study reports the identification of a novel human E-cadherin variant mRNA produced by alternative splicing. A bioinformatics evaluation of the novel mRNA sequence and biochemical verifications suggest its regulation by Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay (NMD). The novel E-cadherin variant was detected in 29/42 (69%) human tumor cell lines, expressed at variable levels (E-cadherin variant expression relative to the wild type mRNA = 0.05-11.6%). Stable transfection of the novel E-cadherin variant in MCF-7 cells (MCF7Ecadvar) resulted in downregulation of wild type E-cadherin expression (transcript/protein) and EMT-related changes, among them acquisition of a fibroblastic-like cell phenotype, increased expression of Twist, Snail, Zeb1, and Slug transcriptional repressors and decreased expression of ESRP1 and ESRP2 RNA binding proteins. Moreover, loss of cytokeratins and gain of vimentin, N-cadherin and Dysadherin/FXYD5 proteins was observed. Dramatic changes in cell behavior were found in MCF7Ecadvar, as judged by the decreased cell-cell adhesion (Hanging-drop assay), increased cell motility (Wound Healing) and increased cell migration (Transwell) and invasion (Transwell w/Matrigel). Some changes were found in MCF-7 cells incubated with culture medium supplemented with conditioned medium from HEK-293 cells transfected with the E-cadherin variant mRNA. Further characterization of the novel E-cadherin variant will help understanding the molecular basis of tumor progression and improve cancer diagnosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1368-1386, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Matos
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME). National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET). Fundación IBYME, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lara Lapyckyj
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME). National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET). Fundación IBYME, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Rosso
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME). National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET). Fundación IBYME, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Besso
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME). National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET). Fundación IBYME, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Mencucci
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME). National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET). Fundación IBYME, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Clara Isabel Marín Briggiler
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME). National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET). Fundación IBYME, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Giustina
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME). National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET). Fundación IBYME, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Inés Furlong
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME). National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET). Fundación IBYME, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Hebe Vazquez-Levin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME). National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET). Fundación IBYME, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Alternative splicing and cell survival: from tissue homeostasis to disease. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1919-1929. [PMID: 27689872 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most human genes encode multiple mRNA variants and protein products through alternative splicing of exons and introns during pre-mRNA processing. In this way, alternative splicing amplifies enormously the coding potential of the human genome and represents a powerful evolutionary resource. Nonetheless, the plasticity of its regulation is prone to errors and defective splicing underlies a large number of inherited and sporadic diseases, including cancer. One key cellular process affected by alternative splicing is the programmed cell death or apoptosis. Many apoptotic genes encode for splice variants having opposite roles in cell survival. This regulation modulates cell and tissue homeostasis and is implicated in both developmental and pathological processes. Furthermore, recent evidence has also unveiled splicing-mediated regulation of genes involved in autophagy, another essential process for tissue homeostasis. In this review, we highlight some of the best-known examples of alternative splicing events involved in cell survival. Emphasis is given to the role of this regulation in human cancer and in the response to chemotherapy, providing examples of how alternative splicing of apoptotic genes can be exploited therapeutically.
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26
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Abstract
Examples of associations between human disease and defects in pre-messenger RNA splicing/alternative splicing are accumulating. Although many alterations are caused by mutations in splicing signals or regulatory sequence elements, recent studies have noted the disruptive impact of mutated generic spliceosome components and splicing regulatory proteins. This review highlights recent progress in our understanding of how the altered splicing function of RNA-binding proteins contributes to myelodysplastic syndromes, cancer, and neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Chabot
- Centre of Excellence in RNA Biology, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Lulzim Shkreta
- Centre of Excellence in RNA Biology, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada
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