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Liu GB, Pan YM, Liu YS, Hu JH, Zhang XD, Zhang DW, Wang Y, Feng YK, Yu JB, Cheng YX. Ghrelin promotes neural differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell via AKT/mTOR and β-catenin signaling pathways. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 36:405-416. [PMID: 32003536 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into various cell types. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ghrelin on the neural differentiation of rat ADSCs and underlying molecular mechanisms. Rat ADSCs were isolated and third-passage ADSCs were used in this study. The isolated ADSCs were characterized by flow cytometry analysis for MSCs' surface expression markers as evidenced by positive for CD90, CD44, and CD29 and negative for CD34, CD45, and CD11b/2f/c. The multilineage differentiation of ADSCs was confirmed by adipogenic, osteogenic, and neural differentiation. After induction of neurogenesis, the differentiated cells were identified by development of neuron-like morphology and expression of neural markers including glial fibrillary acidic protein, Nestin, MAP2, and β-Tubulin III using immunofluorescence and western blot. Ghrelin concentration dependently elevated the proportion of neural-like cells and branching dendrites, as well as upregulated the expression of neural markers. Further, the expression of nuclear β-catenin, p-GSK-3β, p-AKT, and p-mTOR was increased by ghrelin, indicating an activation of β-catenin and AKT/mTOR signaling after the ghrelin treatment. Importantly, inhibition of β-catenin or AKT/mTOR signaling suppressed ghrelin-induced neurogenesis. Therefore, we demonstrate that ghrelin promotes neural differentiation of ADSCs through the activation of β-catenin and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Bo Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ming Pan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Heilongjiang Province, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Shuang Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hang Hu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Kuan Feng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Heilongjiang Province, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China.,Pathology Diagnosis Center, The First Clinical Medical School of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Heilongjiang Province, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China.,Pathology Diagnosis Center, The First Clinical Medical School of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Stem Cells, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, People's Republic of China
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12
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Krishna SM, Seto SW, Jose RJ, Li J, Morton SK, Biros E, Wang Y, Nsengiyumva V, Lindeman JHN, Loots GG, Rush CM, Craig JM, Golledge J. Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitor Sclerostin Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Aortic Aneurysm and Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:553-566. [PMID: 28062506 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sclerostin (SOST) has been identified as an important regulator of bone formation; however, it has not been previously implicated in arterial disease. The aim of this study was to assess the role of SOST in aortic aneurysm (AA) and atherosclerosis using human samples, a mouse model, and in vitro investigations. APPROACH AND RESULTS SOST protein was downregulated in human and mouse AA samples compared with controls. Transgenic introduction of human SOST in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice (SOSTTg .ApoE-/-) and administration of recombinant mouse Sost inhibited angiotensin II-induced AA and atherosclerosis. Serum concentrations of several proinflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced in SOSTTg .ApoE-/- mice. Compared with controls, the aortas of mice receiving recombinant mouse Sost and SOSTTg .ApoE-/- mice showed reduced matrix degradation, reduced elastin breaks, and preserved collagen. Decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and a reduction in the expression of wingless-type mouse mammary virus integration site/β-catenin responsive genes, including matrix metalloproteinase-9, osteoprotegerin, and osteopontin, were observed in the aortas of SOSTTg .ApoE-/- mice. SOST expression was downregulated and the wingless-type mouse mammary virus integration site/β-catenin pathway was activated in human AA samples. The cytosine-phosphate-guanine islands in the SOST gene promoter showed significantly higher methylation in human AA samples compared with controls. Incubation of vascular smooth muscle cells with the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine resulted in upregulation of SOST, suggesting that SOST is epigenetically regulated. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies that SOST is expressed in the aorta and downregulated in human AA possibly because of epigenetic silencing. Upregulating SOST inhibits AA and atherosclerosis development, with potential important implications for treating these vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Murali Krishna
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Sai-Wang Seto
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Roby J Jose
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Jiaze Li
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Susan K Morton
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Erik Biros
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Yutang Wang
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Vianne Nsengiyumva
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Jan H N Lindeman
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Gabriela G Loots
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Catherine M Rush
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (S.M.K., S.-W.S., R.J.J., J.L., S.K.M., E.B., Y.W., V.N., J.G.); National Institute of Complementary Medicine (NICM), School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia (S.-W.S.); School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia (Y.W.); Department of Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.H.N.L.); Physical and Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA (G.G.L.); Discipline of Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia (C.M.R.); Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (J.M.C.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Queensland, Australia (J.G.).
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