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Shivam S, El-Matbouli M, Kumar G. Kinetics of Parasite-Specific Antibody and B-Cell-Associated Gene Expression in Brown Trout, Salmo trutta during Proliferative Kidney Disease. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1244. [PMID: 34943159 PMCID: PMC8698486 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, a myxozoan endoparasite often causes chronic infection in brown trout. Antiparasite immunity mediated by antibodies and B cells is known as an important determinant of host survival and parasite proliferation during chronic infections. Accordingly, studying their time course during proliferative kidney disease (PKD) might be helpful in improving our understanding of its chronic nature. Therefore, we conducted this study to examine parasite specific serum antibody and B-cell-mediated response in laboratory-infected brown trout at different time points. Brown trout were exposed to the spores of T. bryosalmonae, derived from infected bryozoans. Samples were collected at different time points and processed for indirect ELISA, histopathology, and qRT-PCR. T. bryosalmonae specific antibody was detected at 4 weeks post exposure (wpe) and it persisted until 17 wpe. Additionally, the expressions of C4A, CD34, CD79A, BLNK, CD74, BCL7, and CD22 were differentially regulated in the important immune organs, kidney and spleen. To our knowledge, this is the first study addressing anti-T. bryosalmonae antibody response in brown trout at different time points. The results from this study provide valuable insights into the processes leading to changes in B cell development, inflammation and antibody production during the course of PKD in brown trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Shivam
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Karwar 581301, India
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Ilgová J, Salát J, Kašný M. Molecular communication between the monogenea and fish immune system. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 112:179-190. [PMID: 32800986 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monogeneans parasitise mainly the outer structures of fish, such as the gills, fins, and skin, that is, tissues covered with a mucous layer. While attached by sclerotised structures to host's surface, monogeneans feed on its blood or epidermal cells and mucus. Besides being a rich source of nutrients, these tissues also contain humoral immune factors and immune cells, which are ready to launch defence mechanisms against the tegument or gastrointestinal tract of these invaders. The exploitation of hosts' resources by the Monogenea must, therefore, be accompanied by suppressive and immunomodulatory mechanisms which protect the parasites against attacks by host immune system. Elimination of hosts' cytotoxic molecules and evasion of host immune response is often mediated by proteins secreted by the parasites. The aim of this review is to summarise existing knowledge on fish immune responses against monogeneans. Results gleaned from experimental infections illustrate the various interactions between parasites and the innate and adaptive immune system of the fish. The involvement of monogenean molecules (mainly inhibitors of peptidases) in molecular communication with host immune system is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ilgová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Salát
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, Brno, 621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kašný
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
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Zhi T, Huang C, Sun R, Zheng Y, Chen J, Xu X, Brown CL, Yang T. Mucosal immune response of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus during Gyrodactylus cichlidarum infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:21-27. [PMID: 32693157 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monogenean Gyrodactylus cichlidarum can cause severe mortality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry. To date, reports about mucosal immunity of O. niloticus against this parasite have been rare. In order to explore the mucosal immunity of Nile tilapia against G. cichlidarum infection, the expressions of six adaptive immune-related genes and the contents of specific immunoglobulin IgM and IgT in the skin-associated lymphoid tissues (SALT) were dynamically analyzed after primary and secondary infections. The abundances of G. cichlidarum on the hosts after secondary infection were lower than those after primary parasite infection, which implied that hosts could initiate immune protection against G. cichlidarum reinfection to some degree. The transcription levels of TCR-β and CD4 genes in the skin tissue were significantly up-regulated after primary G. cichlidarum infection, while genes pIgR and IgT were only detected with significant up-regulations during secondary infection. With the exception of pIgR, which had remarkably higher expression in the fish with low parasite loads, all other genes studied tended to have higher mRNA level in the fish with higher parasite loads. The specific IgM content in the skin mucus increased significantly on the 2nd day after the primary exposure, higher than the corresponding value during the secondary exposure, and had significantly positive correlation with the parasite loads during the first parasite infection. These results manifested that acquired immune responses in the SALT of Nile tilapia participated in the resistance against G. cichlidarum infection, underscoring the involvement of mucosal immunity in fish against monogenean infection, and suggesting potential prophylactic treatment of gyrodactylid disease of tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Center for Parasitic Organisms, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Center for Parasitic Organisms, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Center for Parasitic Organisms, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Center for Parasitic Organisms, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Center for Parasitic Organisms, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Center for Parasitic Organisms, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Tingbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Center for Parasitic Organisms, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Improved Variety Reproduction of Aquatic Economic Animals, Center for Parasitic Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Firmino JP, Vallejos-Vidal E, Sarasquete C, Ortiz-Delgado JB, Balasch JC, Tort L, Estevez A, Reyes-López FE, Gisbert E. Unveiling the effect of dietary essential oils supplementation in Sparus aurata gills and its efficiency against the infestation by Sparicotyle chrysophrii. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17764. [PMID: 33082387 PMCID: PMC7576129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A microencapsulated feed additive composed by garlic, carvacrol and thymol essential oils (EOs) was evaluated regarding its protective effect in gills parasitized by Sparicotyle chrysophrii in Sparus aurata. A nutritional trial (65 days) followed by a cohabitation challenge with parasitized fish (39 days) were performed. Transcriptomic analysis by microarrays of gills of fish fed the EOs diet showed an up-regulation of genes related to biogenesis, vesicular transport and exocytosis, leukocyte-mediated immunity, oxidation–reduction and overall metabolism processes. The functional network obtained indicates a tissue-specific pro-inflammatory immune response arbitrated by degranulating acidophilic granulocytes, sustained by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. The histochemical study of gills also showed an increase of carboxylate glycoproteins containing sialic acid in mucous and epithelial cells of fish fed the EOs diet, suggesting a mucosal defence mechanism through the modulation of mucin secretions. The outcomes of the in vivo challenge supported the transcriptomic results obtained from the nutritional trial, where a significant reduction of 78% in the abundance of S. chrysophrii total parasitation and a decrease in the prevalence of most parasitic developmental stages evaluated were observed in fish fed the EOs diet. These results suggest that the microencapsulation of garlic, carvacrol and thymol EOs could be considered an effective natural dietary strategy with antiparasitic properties against the ectoparasite S. chrysophrii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P Firmino
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Aquaculture Program, Crta. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain.,TECNOVIT-FARMFAES, S.L. Pol. Ind. Les Sorts, parc. 10, 43365, Alforja, Spain.,PhD Program in Aquaculture, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan B Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Balasch
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alicia Estevez
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Aquaculture Program, Crta. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Felipe E Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Enric Gisbert
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Aquaculture Program, Crta. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain.
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Souza DCDM, Santos MCD, Chagas EC. Immune response of teleost fish to helminth parasite infection. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2019; 28:533-547. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Fish immune systems have become the subject of several studies due to the growing development of aquaculture and fisheries, and the demand for healthy produce for human consumption. Among the parasites responsible for diseases in fish farming, helminths stand out because they cause infections in farmed fish and decrease food conversion, zootechnical performance and meat quality. In the present review, the components that participate in the innate and adaptive immune responses of teleost fish that have so far been described are presented in order to summarize the defenses that these hosts have recourse to, in combating different groups of helminth parasites.
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Reyes-Becerril M, Alamillo E, Trasviña A, Hirono I, Kondo H, Jirapongpairoj W, Ascencio-Valle F, Angulo C. In vivo and in vitro studies using larval and adult antigens from Neobenedenia melleni on immune response in yellowtail (Seriola lalandi). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:1497-1509. [PMID: 28422295 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Neobenedenia melleni is a monogenean parasite that causes significant mortality and economic losses in fish aquaculture. Changes in the antigenic composition of this parasite occur during its developmental stages. In this study, we evaluated humoral parameters in serum and transcriptional immune responses of yellowtail naturally infected with N. melleni. In addition, in vitro assays were performed to study the stimulatory effects of antigens from larvae and adults on spleen leucocytes from non-infected fish at 6 and 24 h post-stimulation. The results showed enhanced total protein, myeloperoxidase and antiprotease activities in N. melleni-infected fish compared with non-infected ones. The induction of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in spleen leucocytes during natural infection with N. melleni suggests that these immune-related genes play an important role in the initiation of the immune defence mechanism for controlling parasite infection. Interestingly, the magnitude of in vitro responses of spleen leucocytes was dependent on the parasitic stage. An important stimulation of gene expression by adult antigens on spleen leucocytes was observed. Differential expression patterns of TLRs and target cytokines in yellowtail leucocytes in both in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that the quality of yellowtail immune response is conditioned by N. melleni development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reyes-Becerril
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - E Alamillo
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - A Trasviña
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - I Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Kondo
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - W Jirapongpairoj
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Ascencio-Valle
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - C Angulo
- Immunology and Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
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