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Shirahmadi S, Bashirian S, Soltanian AR, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Vahdatinia F. Effectiveness of theory-based educational interventions of promoting oral health among elementary school students. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:130. [PMID: 38195494 PMCID: PMC10775594 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of oral health education programs on the oral health of primary school students. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial study, 190 elementary fifth-grade female students were chosen using the multistage cluster sampling method. In this study, the Plaque Index (PI), Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Community Periodontal Index (CPI), tooth brushing using fluoride toothpaste, dental flossing frequency and factors affecting them were determined according to social cognitive theory (SCT). Interventions were implemented using the play method and with the help of three pamphlets, five posters, a celebration of oral health, and the creation of a Telegram group. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics indexes, t tests, paired sample t tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation tests. RESULTS The results showed that 3 months after the intervention, compared to before the intervention, the percentage of participants in the intervention group who brushed their teeth twice or more per day increased by 48.5%, and the percentage of participants who used dental floss at least once per day increased by 64.2%. The rate of gum bleeding decreased by 6.3%. The good OHI-S rate increased by 44.4%. Dental plaque decreased by 38.1%. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that a gamification design can be effective and useful in promoting the oral health of students. TRIAL REGISTRATION registration timing: retrospective, registration date: 18/10/2022, registration number: IRCT20141128020129N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samane Shirahmadi
- Department of community oral health, School of dentistry, Dental research center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeed Bashirian
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farshid Vahdatinia
- Dental implants research center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Matoso BDSM, Gomes VE, Marcenes W, Noronha KVMDS, Lima CASDO, Ferreira RC. Cost components of school-based oral health-promoting programs: A systematic review protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287244. [PMID: 37768916 PMCID: PMC10538792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral health-promoting school programs play a crucial role in achieving universal coverage of oral health care, by addressing oral diseases and promoting the well-being and quality of life of children and adolescents. However, a lack of studies has evaluated the costs associated with implementing these programs, which hinders decision-makers in adopting them on a large scale. This review aims to assess the cost components involved in school-based oral health-promoting programs. METHODS This review will include studies that have conducted either partial or full economic evaluations, focusing on describing the cost components of oral health-promoting programs implemented in primary schools involving students aged 6 to 14. A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases: MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, the Virtual Health Library, the NHS Economic Evaluation Database, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE. Additionally, gray literature was searched using the Health Technology Assessment Database. Two independent reviewers will screen the titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text review based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data extraction and critical appraisal evaluation will also be carried out independently by two reviewers. In case of disagreements, the reviewer team will resolve them through discussion. DISCUSSION The systematic review resulting from this protocol aims to provide evidence regarding the cost components and necessary resources for implementing and maintaining oral health-promoting school programs. This information can assist decision-makers in adopting these programs on a larger scale and effectively addressing oral diseases among children and adolescents. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION CRD42022363743.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviane Elisângela Gomes
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner Marcenes
- King’s College London, Affordable Health Initiative, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Raquel Conceição Ferreira
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Mlenga F, Mumghamba EG. Oral Hygiene Practices, Knowledge, and Self-Reported Dental and Gingival Problems with Rural-Urban Disparities among Primary School children in Lilongwe, Malawi. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:8866554. [PMID: 33763132 PMCID: PMC7964113 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8866554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine oral hygiene practices, knowledge, and experience of dental caries and gingival problems among urban and rural primary schoolchildren in Lilongwe District, Malawi. Methodology. This was an analytical and quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. Four urban and four rural primary schools were conveniently sampled. Pupils aged 11-14 years (n = 409) were recruited using self-administered structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS program v20.0. RESULTS Out of 409 pupils, most of them had knowledge that dental caries is caused by consumption of sugary foodstuffs (91.4%), toothache is a symptom of dental caries (77.6%), gingivitis is caused by ineffective tooth brushing (92.7%), and gingival bleeding is a sign of gingivitis (85.3%). Most pupils experienced toothache (30.8%); many of them had parents with secondary education and above (35.0%) compared to those with primary education (23.5%). 24.4% experienced gingival bleeding with higher percentages from urban (30.1%) than rural (18.5%) schools. Plastic toothbrush users (95%) overshadowed chewing stick users (24.9%). The use of chewing stick was significantly higher in rural (49%) than in urban (1.9%) schools. Likewise, tooth brushing before bed was significantly higher in rural (33%) than in urban (17.2%) pupils. The use of toothpaste during tooth brushing was significantly higher among urban (91.9%) than among rural (64%) pupils. The prevalence of tongue cleaning was 70.2%, and the differences were significantly higher among pupils who had parents with secondary and higher education in urban schools and among pupils aged 11-12 years in comparison with their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Most pupils reported cleaning their teeth regularly, mostly using plastic toothbrush rather than chewing stick, using toothpaste, and having adequate knowledge about dental caries and gingival disease, and a quarter of them had suffered from these diseases with evidence of rural-urban disparities. Integration of oral health in school health promotion program and further research on its impact on oral health status are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Mlenga
- Department of Orthodontics, Pedodontics and Community Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), P.O. Box 65014, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - E. G. Mumghamba
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), P.O. Box 65014, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
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Impact of School-Based Oral Health Education on Vietnamese Adolescents: A 6-Month Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052715. [PMID: 33800242 PMCID: PMC7967445 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have evaluated the impact of a school-based intervention on oral health knowledge, behaviours, and oral health status of adolescents in Vietnam. This 6-month study included 462 adolescents aged 12 years from four selected schools in Hue City, Vietnam. The intervention group received a 15-min lecture by a dentist and hands-on session on mouth observation and toothbrushing skills. The control group did not engage in any educational activities during the follow-up period. Data were collected at baseline and 6 months through a survey questionnaire and clinical examination. The Debris Index was used for dental plaque; the Papillary, Marginal, Attached gingiva index for gingivitis; and the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth index (World Health Organization modification) for dental caries. Difference-in-difference analysis was used to compare changes between the groups. After 6 months, the control tended to show decreased toothbrushing frequency and increased dental plaque accumulation. The participants in the intervention group showed improved oral health knowledge (p < 0.01), behavior (p < 0.05), and hygiene (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. However, the intervention did not improve dental caries and gingivitis. A single school-based oral health education program can help adolescents improve oral health knowledge and prevent the deterioration of short-term oral health behavior and hygiene.
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Riolina A, Hartini S, Suparyati S. Dental and oral health problems in elementary school children: A scoping review. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Baginska J, Rodakowska E, Kobus A, Kierklo A. The role of Polish school nurses in the oral health promotion for 7-19 year-old children and adolescents. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2020; 22:265-272. [PMID: 32583292 PMCID: PMC8021534 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The assessment of the role of school nurses in the oral health education and counselling of children and adolescents aged 7–19 years. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate nurses’ practice in oral health education, previous training in caries prevention, collaboration with a dentist and self-assessment of knowledge. Data were analysed with the Chi square test. Results The study group consisted of 140 Polish school nurses. Respondents declared the following activities: dietary counselling (99.2%), oral hygiene education (92.8%), NHS-funded supervised fluoride prophylaxis (82.8%), and caries screenings (4.3%). 47.1% participated in training on caries prevention, 25.7% had a collaboration with a dentist. Nurses from schools located in towns less frequently provided oral hygiene education (p < 0.005) and dietary counselling, but more often had a collaboration with a dentist (p < 0.05). The youngest nurses were more confident about their knowledge (p < 0.05). There was an association between participation in training on caries prevention and positive opinion on a school-based fluoride prophylaxis (p < 0.01). Nurses who did not include dental topics in their practice worked mainly with pupils older than 15 years, had shorter experience (p < 0.05), secondary education, worked in urban areas and had no training on dental problems (p < 0.01). Conclusion Polish school nurses have potentially crucial roles in improving the oral health status in pupils through oral hygiene education, dietary counselling and fluoride prophylaxis included in their duties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Baginska
- Department of Dentistry Propaedeutics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Szpitalna 30, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
| | - E. Rodakowska
- Depertment of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Present Address: Department of Clinical Dentistry-Cariology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A. Kobus
- Department of Dentistry Propaedeutics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Szpitalna 30, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
| | - A. Kierklo
- Department of Dentistry Propaedeutics, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Szpitalna 30, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
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Kakodkar P, Dagar D, Shetiya S. Oral health promoting activities in schools of three different boards in Pune city - A descriptive study. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_233_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Macnab AJ, Mukisa R. Reducing the global burden of poor oral health through school-based programmes. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:1379-1382. [PMID: 30169863 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Macnab
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ronald Mukisa
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Health Education Department, Health and Development Agency (HEADA), Mbarara, Uganda
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Abstract
A challenge for implementing DOHaD-defined health promotion is how to engage the at-risk population. The WHO Health Promoting School (HPS) model has proven success engaging youth and improving health behaviors. Hence, we introduced DOHaD concepts to 151 pupils aged 12–15 years in three HPS programs in rural Uganda, inquired what factors would make DOHaD-related health promotion resonate with them, and discussed how they recommended making learning about DOHaD acceptable to youth. Economic factors were judged the most compelling; with nutrition and responsive care elements next in importance. Suggested approaches included: teach how good health is beneficial, what works and why, and give tools to use to achieve it, and make information positive rather than linked to later harm. Involve youth in making DOHaD learning happen, make being a parent sound interesting, and include issues meaningful to boys. These are the first data from youth charged with addressing their engagement in the DOHaD agenda.
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