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Froechlich G, Finizio A, Napolano A, Amiranda S, De Chiara A, Pagano P, Mallardo M, Leoni G, Zambrano N, Sasso E. The common H232 STING allele shows impaired activities in DNA sensing, susceptibility to viral infection, and in monocyte cell function, while the HAQ variant possesses wild-type properties. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19541. [PMID: 37945588 PMCID: PMC10636114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Different innate immune pathways converge to Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and trigger type I interferon responses after recognition of abnormal nucleic acids in the cells. This non-redundant function renders STING a major player in immunosurveillance, and an emerging target for cancer and infectious diseases therapeutics. Beyond somatic mutations that often occur in cancer, the human gene encoding STING protein, TMEM173 (STING1), holds great genetic heterogeneity; R232, HAQ (R71H-G230A-R293Q) and H232 are the most common alleles. Although some of these alleles are likely to be hypomorphic, their function is still debated, due to the available functional assessments, which have been performed in biased biological systems. Here, by using genetic background-matched models, we report on the functional evaluation of R232, HAQ and H232 variants on STING function, and on how these genotypes affect the susceptibility to clinically relevant viruses, thus supporting a potential contributing cause to differences in inter-individual responses to infections. Our findings also demonstrate a novel toll-like receptor-independent role of STING in modulating monocytic cell function and differentiation into macrophages. We further supported the interplay of STING1 variants and human biology by demonstrating how monocytes bearing the H232 allele were impaired in M1/M2 differentiation, interferon response and antigen presentation. Finally, we assessed the response to PD-1 inhibitor in a small cohort of melanoma patients stratified according to STING genotype. Given the contribution of the STING protein in sensing DNA viruses, bacterial pathogens and misplaced cancer DNA, these data may support the development of novel therapeutic options for infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Froechlich
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna Finizio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Amiranda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna De Chiara
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Pagano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Zambrano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy.
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Sasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, NA, Italy.
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S.C.aR.L., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.
- ImGen-T Srl, Viale del Parco Carelli, Napoli, NA, Italy.
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Succoio M, Amiranda S, Sasso E, Marciano C, Finizio A, De Simone G, Garbi C, Zambrano N. Carbonic anhydrase IX subcellular localization in normoxic and hypoxic SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells is assisted by its C-terminal protein interaction domain. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18885. [PMID: 37600419 PMCID: PMC10432983 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a hypoxia-induced transmembrane protein belonging to the α-CA enzyme family. It has a crucial role in pH regulation in hypoxic cells and acts by buffering intracellular acidosis induced by hypoxia. Indeed, it is frequently expressed in cancer cells, where it contributes to tumor progression. CA IX is also able to localize in the nucleus, where it contributes to 47S rRNA precursor genes transcription; however, the mechanisms assisting its nuclear translocation still remain unclear. The aim of our study was to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms involved in CA IX subcellular distribution. To this purpose, we implemented a site-directed mutagenesis approach targeting the C-terminal domain of CA IX and evaluated the subcellular distribution of the wild-type and mutant proteins in the SH-SY5Y cell line. The mutant proteins showed impaired binding ability and altered subcellular distribution in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Our data suggest that CA IX nuclear translocation depends on its transit through the secretory and the endocytic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Succoio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5 80131, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie avanzate Franco Salvatore SCaRL, Via G. Salvatore, 486 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Amiranda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5 80131, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie avanzate Franco Salvatore SCaRL, Via G. Salvatore, 486 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5 80131, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie avanzate Franco Salvatore SCaRL, Via G. Salvatore, 486 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmen Marciano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5 80131, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie avanzate Franco Salvatore SCaRL, Via G. Salvatore, 486 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Arianna Finizio
- CEINGE Biotecnologie avanzate Franco Salvatore SCaRL, Via G. Salvatore, 486 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Corrado Garbi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Zambrano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5 80131, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie avanzate Franco Salvatore SCaRL, Via G. Salvatore, 486 80145, Napoli, Italy
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Gentile C, Finizio A, Froechlich G, D’Alise AM, Cotugno G, Amiranda S, Nicosia A, Scarselli E, Zambrano N, Sasso E. Generation of a Retargeted Oncolytic Herpes Virus Encoding Adenosine Deaminase for Tumor Adenosine Clearance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413521. [PMID: 34948316 PMCID: PMC8705735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oncolytic viruses are immunotherapeutic agents that can be engineered to encode payloads of interest within the tumor microenvironment to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Their therapeutic potential could be limited by many avenues for immune evasion exerted by the tumor. One such is mediated by adenosine, which induces pleiotropic immunosuppression by inhibiting antitumor immune populations as well as activating tolerogenic stimuli. Adenosine is produced starting from the highly immunostimulatory ATP, which is progressively hydrolyzed to ADP and adenosine by CD39 and CD73. Cancer cells express high levels of CD39 and CD73 ectoenzymes, thus converting immunostimulatory purinergic signal of ATP into an immunosuppressive signal. For this reason, CD39, CD73 and adenosine receptors are currently investigated in clinical trials as targets for metabolic cancer immunotherapy. This is of particular relevance in the context of oncovirotherapy, as immunogenic cell death induced by oncolytic viruses causes the secretion of a high amount of ATP which is available to be quickly converted into adenosine. Methods: Here, we took advantage of adenosine deaminase enzyme that naturally converts adenosine into the corresponding inosine derivative, devoid of immunoregulatory function. We encoded ADA into an oncolytic targeted herpes virus redirected to human HER2. An engineered ADA with an ectopic signal peptide was also generated to improve enzyme secretion (ADA-SP). Results: Insertion of the expression cassette was not detrimental for viral yield and cancer cell cytotoxicity. The THV_ADA and THV_ADA-SP successfully mediated the secretion of functional ADA enzyme. In in vitro model of human monocytes THP1, this ability of THV_ADA and THV_ADA-SP resulted in the retrieval of eADO-exposed monocytes replication rate, suggesting the proficiency of the viruses in rescuing the immune function. Conclusions: Encoding ADA into oncolytic viruses revealed promising properties for preclinical exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gentile
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna Finizio
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
| | - Guendalina Froechlich
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
| | - Anna Morena D’Alise
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Gabriella Cotugno
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Sara Amiranda
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Nicosia
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Scarselli
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Nicola Zambrano
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sasso
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (C.G.); (A.F.); (G.F.); (S.A.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Miro C, Nappi A, Cicatiello AG, Di Cicco E, Sagliocchi S, Murolo M, Belli V, Troiani T, Albanese S, Amiranda S, Zavacki AM, Stornaiuolo M, Mancini M, Salvatore D, Dentice M. Thyroid Hormone Enhances Angiogenesis and the Warburg Effect in Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112743. [PMID: 34205977 PMCID: PMC8199095 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cells rewire their metabolism to promote growth, survival, proliferation, and long-term maintenance. Aerobic glycolysis is a prominent trait of many cancers; contextually, glutamine addiction, enhanced glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis sustain the metabolic needs of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Thyroid hormone (TH) is a positive regulator of tumor progression and metastatic conversion of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Accordingly, overexpression of the TH activating enzyme, D2, is associated with metastatic SCC. The aim of our study was to assess the ability of TH and its activating enzyme in promoting key tracts of cancer progression such as angiogenesis, response to hypoxia and metabolic adaptation. By performing in vivo and in vitro studies, we demonstrate that TH induces VEGF-A in cancer cells and fosters aerobic glycolysis inducing pro-glycolytic mediators, thus implying that TH signal attenuation represents a therapeutic tool to contrast tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression. Abstract Cancer angiogenesis is required to support energetic demand and metabolic stress, particularly during conditions of hypoxia. Coupled to neo-vasculogenesis, cancer cells rewire metabolic programs to sustain growth, survival and long-term maintenance. Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling regulates growth and differentiation in a variety of cell types and tissues, thus modulating hyper proliferative processes such as cancer. Herein, we report that TH coordinates a global program of metabolic reprogramming and induces angiogenesis through up-regulation of the VEGF-A gene, which results in the enhanced proliferation of tumor endothelial cells. In vivo conditional depletion of the TH activating enzyme in a mouse model of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) reduces the concentration of TH in the tumoral cells and results in impaired VEGF-A production and attenuated angiogenesis. In addition, we found that TH induces the expression of the glycolytic genes and fosters lactate production, which are key traits of the Warburg effect. Taken together, our results reveal a TH–VEGF-A–HIF1α regulatory axis leading to enhanced angiogenesis and glycolytic flux, which may represent a target for SCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Annunziata Gaetana Cicatiello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Serena Sagliocchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Melania Murolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Valentina Belli
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (V.B.); (T.T.)
| | - Teresa Troiani
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (V.B.); (T.T.)
| | - Sandra Albanese
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Sara Amiranda
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ann Marie Zavacki
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 01451, USA;
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marcello Mancini
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Generation of a Novel Mesothelin-Targeted Oncolytic Herpes Virus and Implemented Strategies for Manufacturing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020477. [PMID: 33418877 PMCID: PMC7825047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: HER2-based retargeted viruses are in advanced phases of preclinical development of breast cancer models. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell-surface tumor antigen expressed in different subtypes of breast and non-breast cancer. Its recent identification as a marker of some triple-negative breast tumors renders it an attractive target, presently investigated in clinical trials employing antibody drug conjugates and CAR-T cells. The availability of MSLN-retargeted oncolytic viruses may complement the current immunotherapeutic panel of biological drugs against HER2-negative breast and non-breast tumors. Methods: A fully virulent, tumor-targeted oncolytic Herpes simplex virus-1 (MSLN-THV) with a selectivity for mesothelin-expressing cancer cells was generated. Recombineering technology was used to replace an essential moiety of the viral glycoprotein D with antibody fragments derived from clinically validated MSLN monoclonal antibodies, and to allow IL12 cargo expression in infected cells. Panels of breast and female reproductive system cell lines were used to verify the oncolytic potential of the viral constructs. A platform for production of the retargeted viruses was developed in HEK 293 cells, providing stable expression of a suitable chimeric receptor. Results: We demonstrated the selectivity of viral infection and cytotoxicity by MSLN-retargeted viruses in a panel of mesothelin-positive cancer cells, originating from breast and female reproductive system tumors. We also developed a second-generation oncolytic MSLN-THV, encoding IL12, to enhance the immunotherapeutic potential of the viral backbone. A non-tumor cell line expressing a chimeric MSLN/Nectin-1 receptor, de-sensitized from antiviral responses by genetic inactivation of the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING)-dependent pathway was engineered, to optimize viral yields. Conclusions: Our proof-of-concept study proposes MSLN-retargeted herpesviruses as potential cancer immunotherapeutics for assessments in preclinical models of MSLN-positive tumors, complementing the available panel of oncolytic viruses to HER2-negative breast tumors.
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Froechlich G, Caiazza C, Gentile C, D’Alise AM, De Lucia M, Langone F, Leoni G, Cotugno G, Scisciola V, Nicosia A, Scarselli E, Mallardo M, Sasso E, Zambrano N. Integrity of the Antiviral STING-mediated DNA Sensing in Tumor Cells Is Required to Sustain the Immunotherapeutic Efficacy of Herpes Simplex Oncolytic Virus. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113407. [PMID: 33213060 PMCID: PMC7698602 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oncolytic viruses are emerging immunotherapeutics in cancer treatments. The conflicting role of innate immunity in the antitumor activity of oncolytic viruses is still a matter of debate. The STING-dependent DNA sensing axis is considered detrimental for viral replication and cancer cell clearance. Accordingly, we observed that STING loss in tumor cells was associated with improved lytic potential by a herpes-based oncolytic virus. However, STING-knockout cancer cells infected with the oncolytic virus showed impaired immunogenicity, as immunogenic cell death was improperly triggered. In agreement with these observations, STING-knockout tumors raised in a murine syngeneic model were more resistant to a combined treatment of the oncolytic virus with PD-1 blockade. The present study demonstrates the antitumor benefit of antiviral immunity and sheds lights on the mechanisms of immune resistance to oncovirotherapy exerted by STING-loss in tumor cells. Abstract The dichotomic contribution of cancer cell lysis and tumor immunogenicity is considered essential for effective oncovirotherapy, suggesting that the innate antiviral immune response is a hurdle for efficacy of oncolytic viruses. However, emerging evidence is resizing this view. By sensing cytosolic DNA, the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) axis can both counteract viral spread and contribute to the elicitation of adaptive immunity via type I interferon responses. In this paper, we analyzed the tumor-resident function of Sting-mediated DNA sensing in a combined approach of oncovirotherapy and PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade, in an immunocompetent murine model. While supporting increased lytic potential by oncolytic HER2-retargeted HSV-1 in vitro and in vivo, Sting-knockout tumors showed molecular signatures of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. These signatures were correspondingly associated with ineffectiveness of the combination therapy in a model of established tumors. Results suggest that the impairment in antiviral response of Sting-knockout tumors, while favoring viral replication, is not able to elicit an adequate immunotherapeutic effect, due to lack of immunogenic cell death and the inability of Sting-knockout cancer cells to promote anti-tumor adaptive immune responses. Accordingly, we propose that antiviral, tumor-resident Sting provides fundamental contributions to immunotherapeutic efficacy of oncolytic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Froechlich
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (C.G.); (V.S.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
| | - Carmen Caiazza
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Chiara Gentile
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (C.G.); (V.S.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Anna Morena D’Alise
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (M.D.L.); (F.L.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Maria De Lucia
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (M.D.L.); (F.L.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Francesca Langone
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (M.D.L.); (F.L.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Guido Leoni
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (M.D.L.); (F.L.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Gabriella Cotugno
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (M.D.L.); (F.L.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Vittorio Scisciola
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (C.G.); (V.S.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Alfredo Nicosia
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (C.G.); (V.S.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.)
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (M.D.L.); (F.L.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Elisa Scarselli
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (M.D.L.); (F.L.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Emanuele Sasso
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (C.G.); (V.S.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.)
- Nouscom S.R.L., Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.M.D.); (M.D.L.); (F.L.); (G.L.); (G.C.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicola Zambrano
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (C.G.); (V.S.); (A.N.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.)
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7
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Raja DA, Gotherwal V, Burse SA, Subramaniam YJ, Sultan F, Vats A, Gautam H, Sharma B, Sharma S, Singh A, Sivasubbu S, Gokhale RS, Natarajan VT. pH-controlled histone acetylation amplifies melanocyte differentiation downstream of MITF. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48333. [PMID: 31709752 PMCID: PMC6945066 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanning response and melanocyte differentiation are mediated by the central transcription factor MITF. This involves the rapid and selective induction of melanocyte maturation genes, while concomitantly the expression of other effector genes is maintained. In this study, using cell-based and zebrafish model systems, we report on a pH-mediated feed-forward mechanism of epigenetic regulation that enables selective amplification of the melanocyte maturation program. We demonstrate that MITF activation directly elevates the expression of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase 14 (CA14). Nuclear localization of CA14 leads to an increase of the intracellular pH, resulting in the activation of the histone acetyl transferase p300/CBP. In turn, enhanced H3K27 histone acetylation at selected differentiation genes facilitates their amplified expression via MITF. CRISPR-mediated targeted missense mutation of CA14 in zebrafish results in the formation of immature acidic melanocytes with decreased pigmentation, establishing a central role for this mechanism during melanocyte differentiation in vivo. Thus, we describe an epigenetic control system via pH modulation that reinforces cell fate determination by altering chromatin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desingu Ayyappa Raja
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Vishvabandhu Gotherwal
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Shaunak A Burse
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Yogaspoorthi J Subramaniam
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Farina Sultan
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Archana Vats
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Hemlata Gautam
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Babita Sharma
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | - Sachin Sharma
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
- Present address:
National Institute of ImmunologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Archana Singh
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
| | | | - Rajesh S Gokhale
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Present address:
National Institute of ImmunologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Vivek T Natarajan
- CSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative BiologyNew DelhiIndia
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchTaramani, Chennai
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8
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Rusciano G, Sasso E, Capaccio A, Zambrano N, Sasso A. Revealing membrane alteration in cellsoverexpressing CA IX and EGFR by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1832. [PMID: 30755643 PMCID: PMC6372785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive detection of altered proteins expression in plasma membranes is of fundamental importance, for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has proven to be a quite sensitive approach to detect proteins, even in very diluted samples. However, proteins detection in complex environment, such as the cellular membrane, is still a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a SERS-based platform to reveal the overexpression of target proteins in cell membranes. As a proof of concept, we implemented ectopic expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the plasma membrane of the SKOV3 tumor cell line. Our outcomes demonstrate that SERS signals from cells put in contact with a hyperuniform SERS substrate allow highlighting subtle differences in the biochemical composition of cell membranes, normally hidden in spontaneous Raman confocal microscopy. This opens new opportunities for a label-free membrane analysis and bio-sensing in a broader sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rusciano
- Department of Physics E. Pancini, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univesitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Naples, Italy. .,National Institute of Optics (INO)-National Research Council (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Sasso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, I-80131, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, I-80145, Naples, Italy.,Nouscom SRL, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Capaccio
- Department of Physics E. Pancini, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univesitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Zambrano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, I-80131, Naples, Italy. .,CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies S.C.aR.L., Via G. Salvatore 486, I-80145, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Sasso
- Department of Physics E. Pancini, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Univesitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Naples, Italy.,National Institute of Optics (INO)-National Research Council (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
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9
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Klier M, Jamali S, Ames S, Schneider HP, Becker HM, Deitmer JW. Catalytic activity of human carbonic anhydrase isoform IX is displayed both extra- and intracellularly. FEBS J 2015; 283:191-200. [PMID: 26470855 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Most carbonic anhydrases catalyse the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to protons and bicarbonate, either as soluble cytosolic enzymes, in or at intracellular organelles, or at the extracellular face of the cell membrane as membrane-anchored proteins. Carbonic anhydrase isoform IX (CA IX), a membrane-bound enzyme with catalytic activity at the extracellular membrane surface, has come to prominence in recent years because of its association with hypoxic tissue, particularly tumours, often indicating poor prognosis. We have evaluated the catalytic activity of CA IX heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by measuring the amplitude and rate of cytosolic pH changes as well as pH changes at the outer membrane surface (pHs ) during addition and removal of 5% CO2 /25 mm HCO3-, and by mass spectrometry. Our results indicate both extracellular and intracellular catalytic activity of CA IX. Reduced rates of CO2 -dependent intracellular pH changes after knockdown of CA IX confirmed these findings in two breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Our results demonstrate a new function of CA IX that may be important in the search for therapeutic cancer drugs targeting CA IX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klier
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Zoologie, FB Biologie, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Somayeh Jamali
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Zoologie, FB Biologie, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Samantha Ames
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Zoologie, FB Biologie, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Schneider
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Zoologie, FB Biologie, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Holger M Becker
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Zoologie, FB Biologie, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Joachim W Deitmer
- Abteilung für Allgemeine Zoologie, FB Biologie, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
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10
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Ochi F, Shiozaki A, Ichikawa D, Fujiwara H, Nakashima S, Takemoto K, Kosuga T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Marunaka Y, Otsuji E. Carbonic Anhydrase XII as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2015; 6:922-9. [PMID: 26316888 PMCID: PMC4543752 DOI: 10.7150/jca.11269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although recent studies described important roles for carbonic anhydrase (CA) XII in epithelial carcinogenesis and tumor behavior, a consensus has not yet been reached regarding its clinicopathological significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In the present study, we investigated its prognostic significance in ESCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS An immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 70 primary tumor samples obtained from ESCC patients who underwent esophagectomy, and the relationships between the expression of CA XII and various clinicopathological features or prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining showed that CA XII was primarily found in the cell membranes of carcinoma cells. Although the expression of CA XII was related to the pT category, it had no prognostic impact. We then examined the expression of CA XII according to the pT category. In pT2-3 ESCC, the 3-year survival rate of patients with the high grade expression of CA XII (29.1 %) was significantly lower than that of patients with the low grade expression of CA XII (70.3 %). Furthermore, a multivariate analysis demonstrated that the expression of CA XII was one of the most important independent prognostic factors following radical esophagectomy in pT2-3 ESCC. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the expression of CA XII may be a valuable prognostic factor for patients with advanced ESCC. The results of the present study provide an insight into the role of CA XII as a biomarker in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Ochi
- 1. Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- 1. Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- 1. Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- 1. Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakashima
- 1. Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kenichi Takemoto
- 1. Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- 1. Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- 1. Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- 1. Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- 1. Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- 2. Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- 3. Departments of Molecular Cell Physiology and Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan ; 4. Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto, 602-8013, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- 1. Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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