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Marlet FR, Muñoz SS, Sotiraki N, Eliasen JN, Woessmann J, Weicher J, Dreier JE, Schoof EM, Kohlmeier KA, Maeda K, Galvagnion C. Lipid levels correlate with neuronal and dopaminergic markers during the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167212. [PMID: 38750771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the deposition of protein inclusions called Lewy Bodies (LBs). LBs are heterogeneous structures composed of protein and lipid molecules and their main constituent is the presynaptic protein α-synuclein. SH-SY5Y cells are neuroblastoma cells commonly used to model PD because they express dopaminergic markers and α-synuclein and they can be differentiated into neuronal cells using established protocols. Despite increasing evidence pointing towards a role of lipids in PD, limited knowledge is available on the lipidome of undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Using a combination of lipidomics, proteomics, morphological and electrophysiological measurements, we identified specific lipids, including sphingolipids, whose levels are affected by the differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and found that the levels of these lipids correlate with those of neuronal and dopaminergic markers. These results provide a quantitative characterisation of the changes in lipidome associated with the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells into more neuronal and dopaminergic-like phenotype and serve as a basis for further characterisation of lipid disruptions in association with PD and its risk factors in this dopaminergic-like neuronal cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Ravnkilde Marlet
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonia Sanz Muñoz
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nefeli Sotiraki
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jannik Nicklas Eliasen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Woessmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Jan Weicher
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Elmsted Dreier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erwin M Schoof
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Kristi A Kohlmeier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Cell Death and Metabolism group, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Céline Galvagnion
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Yao JY, Li L, Xu JX, Liu YH, Shi J, Yu XQ, Kong QQ, Li K. Real-Time Monitoring of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity with a Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7082-7090. [PMID: 38652135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) represents the second most widespread neurodegenerative disease, and early monitoring and diagnosis are urgent at present. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is a key enzyme for producing dopamine, the levels of which can serve as an indicator for assessing the severity and progression of PD. This renders the specific detection and visualization of TH a strategically vital way to meet the above demands. However, a fluorescent probe for TH monitoring is still missing. Herein, three rationally designed wash-free ratiometric fluorescent probes were proposed. Among them, TH-1 exhibited ideal photophysical properties and specific dual-channel bioimaging of TH activity in SH-SY5Y nerve cells. Moreover, the probe allowed for in vivo imaging of TH activity in zebrafish brain and living striatal slices of mice. Overall, the ratiometric fluorescent probe TH-1 could serve as a potential tool for real-time monitoring of PD in complex biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Orthopedic Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Xuan Xu
- Orthopedic Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- Orthopedic Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Quan Kong
- Orthopedic Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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3
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Voogd EJHF, Doorn N, Levers MR, Hofmeijer J, Frega M. Degree of differentiation impacts neurobiological signature and resistance to hypoxia of SH-SY5Y cells. J Neural Eng 2024; 20:066038. [PMID: 38128130 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad17f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective.SH-SY5Y cells are valuable neuronalin vitromodels for studying patho-mechanisms and treatment targets in brain disorders due to their easy maintenance, rapid expansion, and low costs. However, the use of various degrees of differentiation hampers appreciation of results and may limit the translation of findings to neurons or the brain. Here, we studied the neurobiological signatures of SH-SY5Y cells in terms of morphology, expression of neuronal markers, and functionality at various degrees of differentiation, as well as their resistance to hypoxia. We compared these to neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), a well-characterized neuronalin vitromodel.Approach.We cultured SH-SY5Y cells and neurons derived from hiPSCs on glass coverslips or micro-electrode arrays. We studied expression of mature neuronal markers, electrophysiological activity, and sensitivity to hypoxia at various degrees of differentiation (one day up to three weeks) in SH-SY5Y cells. We used hiPSC derived neurons as a reference.Main results.Undifferentiated and shortly differentiated SH-SY5Y cells lacked neuronal characteristics. Expression of neuronal markers and formation of synaptic puncta increased during differentiation. Longer differentiation was associated with lower resistance to hypoxia. At three weeks of differentiation, MAP2 expression and vulnerability to hypoxia were similar to hiPSC-derived neurons, while the number of synaptic puncta and detected events were significantly lower. Our results show that at least three weeks of differentiation are necessary to obtain neurobiological signatures that are comparable to those of hiPSC-derived neurons, as well as similar sensitivities to metabolic stress. Significance.This indicates that extended differentiation protocols should be used to study neuronal characteristics and to model brain disorders with SH-SY5Y cells. We provided insights that may offer the basis for the utilization of SH-SY5Y cells as a more relevant neuronal model in the study of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J H F Voogd
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - N Doorn
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - M R Levers
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J Hofmeijer
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - M Frega
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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4
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Voogd EJHF, Frega M, Hofmeijer J. Neuronal Responses to Ischemia: Scoping Review of Insights from Human-Derived In Vitro Models. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3137-3160. [PMID: 37380886 PMCID: PMC10477161 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Translation of neuroprotective treatment effects from experimental animal models to patients with cerebral ischemia has been challenging. Since pathophysiological processes may vary across species, an experimental model to clarify human-specific neuronal pathomechanisms may help. We conducted a scoping review of the literature on human neuronal in vitro models that have been used to study neuronal responses to ischemia or hypoxia, the parts of the pathophysiological cascade that have been investigated in those models, and evidence on effects of interventions. We included 147 studies on four different human neuronal models. The majority of the studies (132/147) was conducted in SH-SY5Y cells, which is a cancerous cell line derived from a single neuroblastoma patient. Of these, 119/132 used undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells, that lack many neuronal characteristics. Two studies used healthy human induced pluripotent stem cell derived neuronal networks. Most studies used microscopic measures and established hypoxia induced cell death, oxidative stress, or inflammation. Only one study investigated the effect of hypoxia on neuronal network functionality using micro-electrode arrays. Treatment targets included oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, and neuronal network stimulation. We discuss (dis)advantages of the various model systems and propose future perspectives for research into human neuronal responses to ischemia or hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva J H F Voogd
- Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Monica Frega
- Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeannette Hofmeijer
- Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
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Anchesi I, Schepici G, Chiricosta L, Gugliandolo A, Salamone S, Caprioglio D, Pollastro F, Mazzon E. Δ 8-THC Induces Up-Regulation of Glutamatergic Pathway Genes in Differentiated SH-SY5Y: A Transcriptomic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119486. [PMID: 37298437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids, natural or synthetic, have antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and anti-psychotic properties. Cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) are the most studied cannabinoids, but recently, attention has turned towards minor cannabinoids. Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), an isomer of Δ9-THC, is a compound for which, to date, there is no evidence of its role in the modulation of synaptic pathways. The aim of our work was to evaluate the effects of Δ8-THC on differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Using next generation sequencing (NGS), we investigated whether Δ8-THC could modify the transcriptomic profile of genes involved in synapse functions. Our results showed that Δ8-THC upregulates the expression of genes involved in the glutamatergic pathway and inhibits gene expression at cholinergic synapses. Conversely, Δ8-THC did not modify the transcriptomic profile of genes involved in the GABAergic and dopaminergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Anchesi
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Schepici
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Chiricosta
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Agnese Gugliandolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Stefano Salamone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
- PlantaChem S.r.l.s., Via Amico Canobio 4/6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Diego Caprioglio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
- PlantaChem S.r.l.s., Via Amico Canobio 4/6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Pollastro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
- PlantaChem S.r.l.s., Via Amico Canobio 4/6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
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6
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Blanco HM, Perez CN, Banchio C, Alvarez SE, Ciuffo GM. Neurite outgrowth induced by stimulation of angiotensin II AT 2 receptors in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells involves c-Src activation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15656. [PMID: 37144208 PMCID: PMC10151373 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor occurring in childhood, originates from the aberrant proliferation of neural crest cells. Accordingly, the mechanism underling neuronal differentiation could provide new strategies for neuroblastoma treatment. It is well known that neurite outgrowth could be induced by Angiotensin II (Ang II) AT2 receptors; however, the signaling mechanism and its possible interaction with NGF (neural growth factor) receptors remain unclear. Here, we show that Ang II and CGP42112A (AT2 receptor agonist) promote neuronal differentiation by inducing neurite outgrowth and βIII-tubulin expression in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. In addition, we demonstrate that treatment with PD123319 (AT2 receptor antagonist) reverts Ang II or CGP42112A-induced differentiation. By using specific pharmacological inhibitors we established that neurite outgrowth induced by CGP42112A requires the activation of MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase), SphK (sphingosine kinase) and c-Src but not PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase). Certainly, CGP42112A stimulated a rapid and transient (30 s, 1 min) phosphorylation of c-Src at residue Y416 (indicative of activation), following by a Src deactivation as indicated by phosphorylation of Y527. Moreover, inhibition of the NGF receptor tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) reduced neurite outgrowth induced by Ang II and CGP42112A. In summary, we demonstrated that AT2 receptor-stimulated neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y cells involves the induction of MEK, SphK and c-Src and suggests a possible transactivation of TrkA. In that regard, AT2 signaling pathway is a key player in neuronal differentiation and might be a potential target for therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga M. Blanco
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Celia N. Perez
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Claudia Banchio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET) Ocampo y Esmeralda, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Sergio E. Alvarez
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Argentina
- Corresponding author. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL CONICET), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Gladys M. Ciuffo
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, Argentina
- Corresponding author. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO-SL CONICET), Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
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7
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Khwanraj K, Prommahom A, Dharmasaroja P. eEF1A2 siRNA Suppresses MPP+-Induced Activation of Akt and mTOR and Potentiates Caspase-3 Activation in a Parkinson’s Disease Model. ScientificWorldJournal 2023; 2023:1335201. [PMID: 37051183 PMCID: PMC10085650 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1335201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tissue-specific protein eEF1A2 has been linked to the development of neurological disorders. The role of eEF1A2 in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the potential neuroprotective effects of eEF1A2 in an MPP+ model of PD. Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with eEF1A2 siRNA, followed by MPP+ exposure. The expression of p-Akt1 and p-mTORC1 was determined using Western blotting. The expression of p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 was evaluated using qRT-PCR. Cleaved caspase-3 levels and Annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometry were used to determine apoptosis. The effects of PI3K inhibition were examined. The results showed that eEF1A2 siRNA significantly reduced the eEF1A2 expression induced by MPP+. MPP+ treatment activated Akt1 and mTORC1; however, eEF1A2 knockdown suppressed this activation. In eEF1A2-knockdown cells, MPP+ treatment increased the expression of p53 and caspase-3 mRNA levels as well as increased apoptotic cell death when compared to MPP+ treatment alone. In cells exposed to MPP+, upstream inhibition of the Akt/mTOR pathway, by either LY294002 or wortmannin, inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt1 and mTORC1. Both PI3K inhibitors increased eEF1A2 expression in cells, whether or not they were also treated with MPP+. In conclusion, eEF1A2 may function as a neuroprotective factor against MPP+, in part by regulating the Akt/mTOR pathway upstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawinthra Khwanraj
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Athinan Prommahom
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
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8
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Fouché B, Turner S, Gorham R, Stephenson EJ, Gutbier S, Elson JL, García-Beltrán O, Van Der Westhuizen FH, Pienaar IS. A Novel Mitochondria-Targeting Iron Chelator Neuroprotects Multimodally via HIF-1 Modulation Against a Mitochondrial Toxin in a Dopaminergic Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:749-767. [PMID: 36357615 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins are plant-derived polyphenolic compounds belonging to the benzopyrones family, possessing wide-ranging pharmaceutical applications including cytoprotection, which may translate into therapeutic potential for multiple diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we demonstrate the neuroprotective potential of a new polyhydroxyl coumarin, N-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl)-2-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)acetamide (CT51), against the mitochondrial toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). MPP+'s mechanism of toxicity relates to its ability to inhibit complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (METC), leading to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptotic cell death, hence mimicking PD-related neuropathology. Dopaminergic differentiated human neuroblastoma cells were briefly pretreated with CT51, followed by toxin exposure. CT51 significantly restored somatic cell viability and neurite processes; hence, the drug targets cell bodies and axons thereby preserving neural function and circuitry against PD-related damage. Moreover, MPP+ emulates the iron dyshomeostasis affecting dopaminergic neurons in PD-affected brains, whilst CT51 was previously revealed as an effective iron chelator that preferentially partitions to mitochondria. We extend these findings by characterising the drug's interactive effects at the METC level. CT51 did not improve mitochondrial coupling efficiency. However, voltammetric measurements and high-resolution respirometry analysis revealed that CT51 acts as an antioxidant agent. Also, the neuronal protection afforded by CT51 associated with downregulating MPP+-induced upregulated expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), a protein which regulates iron homeostasis and protects against certain forms of oxidative stress after translocating to mitochondria. Our findings support the further development of CT51 as a dual functioning iron chelator and antioxidant antiparkinsonian agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Fouché
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Stephanie Turner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Rebecca Gorham
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Simon Gutbier
- Unit for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department Inaugurated By the Doeren Kamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Joanna L Elson
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,The Welcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Centro Integrativo de Biología Y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Ibagué, Colombia
| | | | - Ilse S Pienaar
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. .,Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B12 2TT, UK.
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9
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Kong W, Sun X, Yu S, Liu P, Zheng X, Zhang J, Zhu L, Jiang T, Jin M, Gao J, Fan X, Liu X, Liu L. Bile duct ligation increased dopamine levels in the cerebral cortex of rats partly due to induction of tyrosine hydroxylase. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 36692417 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Liver failure is associated with psychiatric alterations, partly resulting from the increased brain dopamine levels. We investigated the relationship between increased dopamine levels and mental abnormalities using bile duct ligation (BDL) rats and the mechanism by which liver failure increased dopamine levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Behavioural tests were carried out on day 13 and 27 following BDL, along with measurements of dopamine and metabolites, expressions of enzymes and transporters related to dopamine metabolism, and its transport into the cortex and the hippocampus. SH-SY5Y cells were used to investigate whether NH4 Cl, bile acids and bilirubin affected expression of tyrosine hydroxylase or not. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in SH-SY5Y cells co-incubated with bilirubin and signal pathway inhibitors was measured. KEY RESULTS Open-field test results demonstrated BDL rats showed anxiety-like behaviour, accompanied by increased dopamine levels and expression of TH protein in the cortex. Membrane bound long form (MB)-COMT, slightly but significantly decreased. SH-SY5Y cells indicated that increased bilirubin levels was a factor in inducing TH expression. Both inhibitor of NF-κB pathway BAY 11-7082 and silencing NF-κB p65 reversed bilirubin-induced upregulation of TH protein. NF-κB activator TNF-α increased expression of TH protein. Roles of bilirubin in increases of TH protein expressions and dopamine levels were measured using hyperbilirubinemia rats. Anxiety-like behaviour, was associated with increased dopamine levels and TH protein expressions in hyperbilirubinemia rats. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS BDL significantly increased dopamine levels in rat cortex partly due to bilirubin-mediated TH induction. Increased bilirubin induced TH expression via activating NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Kong
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Yu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peihua Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The first-affiliated hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianxin Jiang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengmeng Jin
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinghui Gao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomin Fan
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Hyon JY, Lee HJ, Yun SH, Han EH, Chung YH. Comparative proteomics study of mitochondrial electron transport system modulation in SH-SY5Y cells following MPP+ versus 6-OHDA-induced neurodegeneration. J Anal Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-022-00365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Several studies have investigated PD for decades; however, the exact mechanism of disease development remains unknown. To study PD, SH-SY5Y cells are often treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to induce PD. To understand the mechanism of PD pathogenesis, we confirmed protein changes between 6-OHDA- and MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells via proteomics analysis using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells showed increased expression of electron transporter-related proteins compared to that in the control group, along with decreased expression in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. However, both down- and upregulation of electron transporter-related proteins increased mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. These proteins were confirmed via protein–protein interaction network analysis using IPA and STRING to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Cell-based experiments using flow cytometry verified that apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were increased in both 6-OHDA- and MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Our results provide new insights into PD pathogenesis, thereby contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms of PD development.
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Barra T, Falanga A, Bellavita R, Pisano J, Laforgia V, Prisco M, Galdiero S, Valiante S. Neuroprotective Effects of gH625-lipoPACAP in an In Vitro Fluid Dynamic Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102644. [PMID: 36289905 PMCID: PMC9599564 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an aggressive and devastating age-related disorder. Although the causes are still unclear, several factors, including genetic and environmental, are involved. Except for symptomatic drugs, there are not, to date, any real cures for PD. For this purpose, it is necessary develop a model to better study this disease. Neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, differentiated with retinoic acid represents a good in vitro model to explore PD, since it maintains growth cells to differentiated neurons. In the present study, SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), a neurotoxin that induces Parkinsonism, and the neuroprotective effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), delivered by functionalized liposomes in a blood–brain barrier fluid dynamic model, were evaluated. We demonstrated PACAP neuroprotective effects when delivered by gH625-liposome on MPP+-damaged SH-SY5Y spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Barra
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Rosa Bellavita
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Jessica Pisano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Laforgia
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Prisco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Valiante
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2535169
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Lauritano A, Cipollone I, Verde R, Kalkan H, Moriello C, Iannotti FA, Di Marzo V, Piscitelli F. The endocannabinoidome mediator N-oleoylglycine is a novel protective agent against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium-induced neurotoxicity. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:926634. [PMID: 36313013 PMCID: PMC9614236 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.926634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N-oleoylglycine (OlGly) is a lipid mediator that belongs to the expanded version of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system, the endocannabinoidome (eCBome), which has recently gained increasing attention from the scientific community for its protective effects in a mouse model of mild traumatic brain injury. However, the effects of OlGly on cellular models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have not yet been investigated, whilst other lipoaminoacids have been reported to have beneficial effects. Moreover, the protective effects of OlGly seem to be mediated by direct activation of proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), which has already been investigated as a therapeutic target for PD. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the possible protective effects of OlGly in an in vitro model obtained by treating the neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y (both differentiated and not) with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium (MPP+), which mimics some cellular aspects of a PD-like phenotype, in the presence or absence of the PPARα antagonist, GW6471. Our data show that MPP+ increases mRNA levels of PPARα in both non differentiated and differentiated cells. Using assays to assess cell metabolic activity, cell proliferation, and pro-inflammatory markers, we observed that OlGly (1 nM), both as treatment (1 h) and pre-treatment (4 h), is able to protect against neuronal damage induced by 24 h MPP+ exposure through PPARα. Moreover, using a targeted lipidomics approach, we demonstrate that OlGly exerts its effects also through the modulation of the eCBome. Finally, treatment with OlGly was able also to reduce increased IL-1β induced by MPP+ in differentiated cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that OlGly could be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of MPP+-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lauritano
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Irene Cipollone
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Roberta Verde
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Hilal Kalkan
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Claudia Moriello
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Centre NUTRISS, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Vincenzo Di Marzo,
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
- Fabiana Piscitelli,
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Streamlining Culture Conditions for the Neuroblastoma Cell Line SH-SY5Y: A Prerequisite for Functional Studies. Methods Protoc 2022; 5:mps5040058. [PMID: 35893584 PMCID: PMC9326679 DOI: 10.3390/mps5040058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y has been a well-established and very popular in vitro model in neuroscience for decades, especially focusing on neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease. The ability of this cell type to differentiate compared with other models in neurobiology makes it one of the few suitable models without having to rely on a primary culture of neuronal cells. Over the years, various, partly contradictory, methods of cultivation have been reported. This study is intended to provide a comprehensive guide to the in vitro cultivation of undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells. For this purpose, the morphology of the cell line and the differentiation of the individual subtypes are described, and instructions for cell culture practice and long-term cryoconservation are provided. We describe the key growth characteristics of this cell line, including proliferation and confluency data, optimal initial seeding cell numbers, and a comparison of different culture media and cell viability during cultivation. Furthermore, applying an optimized protocol in a long-term cultivation over 60 days, we show that cumulative population doubling (CPD) is constant over time and does not decrease with incremental passage, enabling stable cultivation, for example, for recurrent differentiation to achieve the highest possible reproducibility in subsequent analyses. Therefore, we provide a solid guidance for future research that employs the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.
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Optogenetically Engineered Neurons Differentiated from Human SH-SY5Y Cells Survived and Expressed ChR2 in 3D Hydrogel. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071534. [PMID: 35884839 PMCID: PMC9313127 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cases of brain degenerative disease will rise as the human population ages. Current treatments have a transient effect and lack an investigative system that is physiologically relevant for testing. There is evidence suggesting optogenetic stimulation is a potential strategy; however, an in vitro disease and optogenetic model requires a three-dimensional microenvironment. Alginate is a promising material for tissue and optogenetic engineering. Although it is bioinert, alginate hydrogel is transparent and therefore allows optical penetration for stimulation. In this study, alginate was functionalized with arginine-glycine-aspartate acid (RGD) to serve as a 3D platform for encapsulation of human SH-SY5Y cells, which were optogenetically modified and characterized. The RGD-alginate hydrogels were tested for swelling and degradation. Prior to encapsulation, the cells were assessed for neuronal expression and optical-stimulation response. The results showed that RGD-alginate possessed a consistent swelling ratio of 18% on day 7, and degradation remained between 3.7−5% throughout 14 days. Optogenetically modified SH-SY5Y cells were highly viable (>85%) after lentiviral transduction and neuronal differentiation. The cells demonstrated properties of functional neurons, developing beta III tubulin (TuJ1)-positive long neurites, forming neural networks, and expressing vGlut2. Action potentials were produced upon optical stimulation. The neurons derived from human SH-SY5Y cells were successfully genetically modified and encapsulated; they survived and expressed ChR2 in an RGD-alginate hydrogel system.
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eEF1A2 knockdown impairs neuronal proliferation and inhibits neurite outgrowth of differentiating neurons. Neuroreport 2022; 33:336-344. [PMID: 35594436 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The translation elongation factor-1, alpha-2 (eEF1A2) plays an important role in protein synthesis. Mutations in this gene have been described in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we silenced the expression of eEFA2 in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and observed its roles in neuronal proliferation and differentiation upon induction with retinoic acid. METHODS eEF1A2 were silenced using siRNA transfection. Cell proliferation was qualitatively evaluated by Ki-67 immunocytochemistry. Neuronal differentiation was induced with retinoic acid for 3, 5, 7 and 10 days. Neurite length was measured. The expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) was analyzed by western blotting. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression was visualized by immunofluorescence. Cytotoxicity to a neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and western blotting of cleaved caspase-3. RESULTS eEF1A2 knockdown suppressed the proliferative activity of undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells as shown by decreased Ki-67 immunostaining. Upon retinoic acid-induction, differentiated neurons with eEF1A2 knockdown exhibited shorter neurite length than untransfected cells, which was associated with the reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase and suppression of MAP2 at 10 days of differentiation. eEF1A2 knockdown decreased the survival of neurons, which was clearly observed in undifferentiated and short-term differentiated cells. Upon treatment with MPP+, cells with eEF1A2 knockdown showed a further reduction in cell survival and an increase of cleaved caspase-3 protein. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that eEF1A2 may be required for neuronal proliferation and differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Increased cell death susceptibility against MPP+ in eEF1A2-knockdown neurons may imply the neuroprotective role of eEF1A2.
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Azam S, Haque ME, Cho DY, Kim JS, Jakaria M, Kim IS, Choi DK. Dioscin-Mediated Autophagy Alleviates MPP +-Induced Neuronal Degeneration: An In Vitro Parkinson's Disease Model. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092827. [PMID: 35566180 PMCID: PMC9104838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular homeostatic process by which cells degrade and recycle their malfunctioned contents, and impairment in this process could lead to Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis. Dioscin, a steroidal saponin, has induced autophagy in several cell lines and animal models. The role of dioscin-mediated autophagy in PD remains to be investigated. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the hypothesis that dioscin-regulated autophagy and autophagy-related (ATG) proteins could protect neuronal cells in PD via reducing apoptosis and enhancing neurogenesis. In this study, the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) was used to induce neurotoxicity and impair autophagic flux in a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). The result showed that dioscin pre-treatment counters MPP+-mediated autophagic flux impairment and alleviates MPP+-induced apoptosis by downregulating activated caspase-3 and BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator (Bax) expression while increasing B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression. In addition, dioscin pre-treatment was found to increase neurotrophic factors and tyrosine hydroxylase expression, suggesting that dioscin could ameliorate MPP+-induced degeneration in dopaminergic neurons and benefit the PD model. To conclude, we showed dioscin’s neuroprotective activity in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells might be partly related to its autophagy induction and suppression of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shofiul Azam
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science & Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.E.H.); (D.-Y.C.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Md. Ezazul Haque
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science & Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.E.H.); (D.-Y.C.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Duk-Yeon Cho
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science & Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.E.H.); (D.-Y.C.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Joon-Soo Kim
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science & Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.E.H.); (D.-Y.C.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Md. Jakaria
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - In-Su Kim
- Department of Integrated Bioscience & Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- BK21 Program, Department of Applied Life Science & Integrated Bioscience, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (S.A.); (M.E.H.); (D.-Y.C.); (J.-S.K.)
- Department of Integrated Bioscience & Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-840-3610; Fax: +82-43-840-3872
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Magalingam KB, Somanath SD, Ramdas P, Haleagrahara N, Radhakrishnan AK. 6-Hydroxydopamine Induces Neurodegeneration in Terminally Differentiated SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells via Enrichment of the Nucleosomal Degradation Pathway: a Global Proteomics Approach. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1026-1046. [PMID: 35258800 PMCID: PMC9064865 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells have been used for decades as a cell-based model of dopaminergic neurons to explore the underlying science of cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, data revealing the protein expression changes in 6-OHDA induced cytotoxicity in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells remain void. Therefore, we investigated the differentially regulated proteins expressed in terminally differentiated SH-SY5Y cells (differ-SH-SY5Y neural cells) exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) using the LC–MS/MS technology and construed the data using the online bioinformatics databases such as PANTHER, STRING, and KEGG. Our studies demonstrated that the neuronal development in differ-SH-SY5Y neural cells was indicated by the overexpression of proteins responsible for neurite formations such as calnexin (CANX) and calreticulin (CALR) besides significant downregulation of ribosomal proteins. The enrichment of the KEGG ribosome pathway was detected with significant downregulation (p < 0.05) of all the 21 ribosomal proteins in differ-SH-SY5Y neural cells compared with undifferentiated cells. Whereas in the PD model, the pathological changes induced by 6-OHDA were indicated by the presence of unfolded and misfolded proteins, which triggered the response of 10 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP), namely HSPE1 and HSPA9. Moreover, the 6-OHDA-induced neurodegeneration in differ-SH-SY5Y neural cells also upregulated the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) protein and enriched the KEGG systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathway that was regulated by 17 histone proteins (p < 0.05) in differ-SH-SY5Y neural cells. These results suggest that the nucleosomal degradation pathway may have regulated the 6-OHDA induced neurodegeneration in PD cell-based model, which is reflected by increased apoptosis and histone release in differ-SH-SY5Y neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasthuri Bai Magalingam
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Sushela Devi Somanath
- Pathology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Premdass Ramdas
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nagaraja Haleagrahara
- College of Public Health, Medicine and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
- Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Neuroprotective Effects of the DPP4 Inhibitor Vildagliptin in In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042388. [PMID: 35216503 PMCID: PMC8877991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of the midbrain. Restoration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for PD. Because currently used PD therapeutics only help relieve motor symptoms and do not treat the cause of the disease, highly effective drugs are needed. Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor, is an anti-diabetic drug with various pharmacological properties including neuroprotective effects. However, the detailed effects of vildagliptin against PD are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of vildagliptin on PD and its underlying molecular mechanisms using a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse model and a 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium (MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity model. Vildagliptin (50 mg/kg) administration significantly attenuated MPTP-induced motor deficits as evidenced by rotarod, pole, and nest building tests. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis revealed that vildagliptin increased tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells in the SNpc and striatum, which was reduced by MPTP treatment. Furthermore, vildagliptin activated MPTP-decreased PI3k/Akt and mitigated MPTP-increased ERK and JNK signaling pathways in the striatum. Consistent with signaling transduction in the mouse striatum, vildagliptin reversed MPP+-induced dephosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and phosphorylation of ERK and JNK in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, vildagliptin attenuated MPP+-induced conversion of LC3B-II in SH-SY5Y cells, suggesting its role in autophagy inhibition. Taken together, these findings indicate that vildagliptin has protective effects against MPTP-induced motor dysfunction by inhibiting dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis, which is associated with regulation of PI3k/Akt, ERK, and JNK signaling transduction. Our findings suggest vildagliptin as a promising repurposing drug to treat PD.
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Alrashidi H, Eaton S, Heales S. Biochemical characterization of proliferative and differentiated SH-SY5Y cell line as a model for Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:105009. [PMID: 33684546 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. The cellular pathology includes dopamine depletion, decrease in mitochondrial complex I enzyme activity, lysosomal glucocerebrosidase enzyme activity and glutathione levels. The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line is one of the most widely used cell line models for Parkinson's disease. However, the consensus on its suitability as a model in its proliferative or differentiated state is lacking. In this study, we characterized and compared the biochemical processes most often studied in PD. This in proliferative and differentiated phenotypes of SH-SY5Y cells and several differences were found. Most notably, extracellular dopamine metabolism was significantly higher in differentiated SH-SY5Y. Furthermore, there was a greater variability in glutathione levels in proliferative phenotype (+/- 49%) compared to differentiated (+/- 16%). Finally, enzyme activity assay revealed significant increase in the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase activity in differentiated phenotype. In contrast, our study has found similarities between the two phenotypes in mitochondrial electron transport chain activity and tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression. The results of this study demonstrate that despite coming from the same cell line, these cells possess some key differences in their biochemistry. This highlights the importance of careful characterization of relevant disease pathways to assess the suitability of cell lines, such as SH-SY5Y cells, for modelling PD or other diseases, i.e. when using the same cell line but different differentiation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya Alrashidi
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Simon Eaton
- Development Biology and Cancer, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Simon Heales
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK.
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Magalingam KB, Radhakrishnan AK, Somanath SD, Md S, Haleagrahara N. Influence of serum concentration in retinoic acid and phorbol ester induced differentiation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8775-8788. [PMID: 33098048 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous protocols to establish dopaminergic phenotype in SH-SY5Y cells have been reported. In most of these protocols there are variations in concentration of serum used. In this paper, we compared the effects of high (10%), low (3%) and descending (2.5%/1%) serum concentration in differentiation medium containing different proportion of retinoic acid (RA) and 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or RA-only on the undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells with regards to cell morphology, biochemical and gene expression alterations. Cells differentiated in culture medium containing low and descending serum concentrations showed increased number of neurite projections and reduced proliferation rates when compared to undifferentiated cells. The SH-SY5Y cells differentiated in culture medium containing 3% RA and low serum or descending (2.5%/1% RA/TPA) were found to be more susceptible to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced cytotoxicity. Cells differentiated with RA/TPA or RA differentiated showed increased production of the α-synuclein (SNCA) neuroprotein and dopamine neurotransmitter compared to undifferentiated cells, regardless serum concentrations used. There was no significant difference in the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene between undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. However, the expression of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene was markedly increased (p<0.05) in differentiated cells with 3% serum and RA only when compared to undifferentiated cells. In conclusion, to terminally differentiate SH-SY5Y cells to be used as a cell-based model to study Parkinson's disease (PD) to investigate molecular mechanisms and drug discovery, the optimal differentiation medium should contain 3% serum in RA-only.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Pathology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sushela Devi Somanath
- Pathology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagaraja Haleagrahara
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- College of Public Health, Medicine and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
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Fan F, Li S, Wen Z, Ye Q, Chen X, Ye Q. Regulation of PGC-1α mediated by acetylation and phosphorylation in MPP+ induced cell model of Parkinson's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9461-9474. [PMID: 32452827 PMCID: PMC7288924 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases with complex etiology in sporadic cases. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress and defects in mitochondrial dynamics are associated with the pathogenesis of PD. The oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics are regulated strictly by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). We investigated whether acetylation and phosphorylation of PGC-1α contribute to protecting neuronal cell against oxidative stress. Results: We found that acetylation and phosphorylation mediated the nuclear translocation of PGC-1α protects against oxidative damage. In contrast to the increased nuclear PGC-1α, the cytosolic PGC-1α was decreased upon inhibition of GCN5 acetyltransferase. Similarly to the inhibition of GCN5 acetyltransferase, the increased nuclear PGC-1α and the decreased cytosolic PGC-1α were observed upon p38MAPK and AMPK activation. Briefly, the significantly increased nuclear PGC-1α is regulated either by inhibiting the acetylation of PGC-1α or by the phosphorylating PGC-1α, which results in a reduction in ROS. Conclusion: PGC-1α protects neuronal cells against MPP+-induced toxicity partially through the acetylation of PGC-1α mediated by GCN5, and mostly through the phosphorylation PGC-1α mediated by p38MAPK or AMPK. Therapeutic reagents activating PGC-1α may be valuable for preventing mitochondrial dysfunction in PD by against oxidative damage. Methods: With established the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced cell model of PD, the effects of MPP+ and experimental reagents on the cell viability was investigated. The expression of PGC-1α, general control of nucleotide synthesis 5 (GCN5), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) were detected by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by flow cytometry. All statistical analyses were carried out using one-way ANOVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fan
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Institute or Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Songlin Li
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Affiliated Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Sichuan Bayi Rehabilitation Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhipeng Wen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Qiaoyue Ye
- Fuzhou No. 8 High School, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Institute or Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Institute or Neuroscience, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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22
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Rebuzzini P, Civello C, Nantia Akono E, Fassina L, Zuccotti M, Garagna S. Chronic cypermethrin exposure alters mouse embryonic stem cell growth kinetics, induces Phase II detoxification response and affects pluripotency and differentiation gene expression. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 32214279 PMCID: PMC7036707 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide uncontrolled use of synthetic pyrethroids contaminates water and soil leading to health hazards. Cypermethrin (CYP), the most used pyrethroid, induces detrimental effects on adults and embryos at different stages of development of several vertebrate species. In Mammals, CYP-induced alterations have been previously described in adult somatic cells and in post-implantation embryos. It remains unknown whether CYP has effects during pre-implantation development. Studies to access pre-implantation embryo toxicity are complicated by the restricted number of blastocysts that may be obtained, either in vivo or in vitro. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are an in vitro model study that overcomes these limitations, as millions of pluripotent cells are available to the analysis. Also, ESCs maintain the same pluripotency characteristics and differentiation capacity of the inner cell mass (ICM) present in the blastocyst, from which they derive. In this work, using mouse R1 ESCs, we studied CYP-induced cell death, ROS production, the activation of oxidative stress-related and detoxification responses and the population growth kinetics following 72 h exposure at the 0.3 mM LD50 dose. Also, the expression levels of pluripotency genes in exposed ESCs and of markers of the three germ layers after their differentiation into embryoid bodies (EBs) were determined. Two apoptotic waves were observed at 12-24 h and at 72 h. The increase of ROS production, at 24 h until the end of the culture period, was accompanied by the induction, at 48 h, of redox-related Cat, Sod1, Sod2, Gpx1 and Gpx4 genes. Up-regulation of Cyp1b1, but not of Cyp1a1, phase I gene was detected at 72 h and induction of Nqo1, Gsta1 and Ugt1a6 phase II genes began at 24 h exposure. The results show that exposed R1 ESCs activate oxidative stress-related and detoxification responses, although not sufficient, during the culture period tested, to warrant recovery of the growth rate observed in untreated cells. Also, CYP exposure altered the expression of Oct-4 and Nanog pluripotency genes in ESCs and, when differentiated into EBs, the expression of Fgf5, Brachyury and Foxa2, early markers of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm germ layers, respectively. NIH/3T3 cells, a differentiated cell line of embryonic origin, were used for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rebuzzini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia.
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23
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Amo T, Oji Y, Saiki S, Hattori N. Metabolomic analysis revealed mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant choline metabolism in MPP+-exposed SH-SY5Y cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:540-546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Cockova Z, Ujcikova H, Telensky P, Novotny J. Protein profiling of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: The effect of rhein. J Biosci 2019; 44:88. [PMID: 31502566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
4,5-Dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (Rhein) has been shown to have various physiological and pharmacological properties including anticancer activity and modulatory effects on bioenergetics. In this study, we explored the impact of rhein on protein profiling of undifferentiated (UC) and differentiated (DC) SH-SY5Y cells. Besides that, the cellular morphology and expression of differentiation markers were investigated to determine the effect of rhein on retinoic acidinduced neuronal cell differentiation. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry we evaluated the changes in the proteome of both UC and DC SH-SY5Y cells after 24 h treatment with rhein. Validation of selected differentially expressed proteins and the assessment of neuronal differentiation markers were performed by western blotting. Proteomic analysis revealed significant changes in the abundance of 15 proteins linked to specific cellular processes such as cytoskeleton structure and regulation, mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, protein synthesis and neuronal plasticity. We also observed that the addition of rhein to the cultured cells during differentiation resulted in a significantly reduced neurite outgrowth and decreased expression of neuronal markers. These results indicate that rhein may strongly interfere with the differentiation process of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and is capable of inducing marked proteomic changes in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Cockova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Cockova Z, Ujcikova H, Telensky P, Novotny J. Protein profiling of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: The effect of rhein. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Mohara M, Kawasaki T, Owada R, Imai T, Kanetaka H, Izumi SI, Tsukiyama K, Nakamura K. Restoration from polyglutamine toxicity after free electron laser irradiation of neuron-like cells. Neurosci Lett 2018; 685:42-49. [PMID: 30044955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteins containing an expanded polyglutamine tract tend to aggregate, leading to the neuronal damage observed in polyglutamine diseases. We recently reported that free electron laser (FEL) irradiation markedly dissociates naked polyglutamine aggregates as well as the aggregate in the 293 T cells. In the present study, we investigated whether FEL irradiation of neuron-like cells with polyglutamine aggregates would restore the cellular damage and dysfunction. The aggregated polyglutamine peptides induced neurite retraction of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Upon FEL irradiation, the polyglutamine aggregates in the SH-SY5Y cells were dissociated, and the shorter length of individual neurite, fewer number of neurites per cell and shorter total length of neurite by polyglutamine were inhibited. Same results were essentially obtained in PC12 cells. Moreover, when FEL irradiation was applied to undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells, the deficits in neuron-like differentiation seen in expanded polyglutamine peptide-containing cells were also rescued. Thus, FEL irradiation restored both the damage and differentiation caused by polyglutamine in neuron-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Mohara
- Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takayasu Kawasaki
- IR Free Electron Laser Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryuji Owada
- Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takayuki Imai
- IR Free Electron Laser Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kanetaka
- Laison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Izumi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsukiyama
- IR Free Electron Laser Research Center, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
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27
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Differentiation enhances Zika virus infection of neuronal brain cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14543. [PMID: 30266962 PMCID: PMC6162312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging, mosquito-borne pathogen associated with a widespread 2015–2016 epidemic in the Western Hemisphere and a proven cause of microcephaly and other fetal brain defects in infants born to infected mothers. ZIKV infections have been also linked to other neurological illnesses in infected adults and children, including Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and meningoencephalitis, but the viral pathophysiology behind those conditions remains poorly understood. Here we investigated ZIKV infectivity in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, both undifferentiated and following differentiation with retinoic acid. We found that multiple ZIKV strains, representing both the prototype African and contemporary Asian epidemic lineages, were able to replicate in SH-SY5Y cells. Differentiation with resultant expression of mature neuron markers increased infectivity in these cells, and the extent of infectivity correlated with degree of differentiation. New viral particles in infected cells were visualized by electron microscopy and found to be primarily situated inside vesicles; overt damage to the Golgi apparatus was also observed. Enhanced ZIKV infectivity in a neural cell line following differentiation may contribute to viral neuropathogenesis in the developing or mature central nervous system.
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28
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Hu M, Li F, Wang W. Vitexin protects dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:565-573. [PMID: 29588573 PMCID: PMC5859909 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s156920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). METHODS In this study, the neuroprotective effect of vitexin (Vit), a flavonoid compound isolated from Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge was examined in PD models both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS On SH-SY5Y cells, methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) treatment suppressed cell viability, induced apoptosis, and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 activity. However, Vit improved these parameters induced by MPP+ treatment significantly. Further study disclosed that Vit enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt which was downregulated by MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cells, the effect of which could be blocked by PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and activated by PI3K activator IGF-1. Moreover, results from the pole test and traction test suggested that Vit pretreatment prevented bradykinesia and alleviated the initial lesions caused by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in MPTP-treated mouse PD model. Vit also enhanced the activation of PI3K and Akt and suppressed the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 activity in MPTP-treated mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study demonstrated that Vit protected dopaminergic neurons against MPP+/MPTP-induced neurotoxicity through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Our findings may facilitate the clinical application of Vit in the therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangming Li
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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29
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Zhang T, Zheng X, Wang X, Zhao H, Wang T, Zhang H, Li W, Shen H, Yu L. Maternal Exposure to PM 2.5 during Pregnancy Induces Impaired Development of Cerebral Cortex in Mice Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010257. [PMID: 29337904 PMCID: PMC5796203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a serious environmental health problem closely related to the occurrence of central nervous system diseases. Exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) during pregnancy may affect the growth and development of infants. The present study was to investigate the effects of maternal exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy on brain development in mice offspring. Pregnant mice were randomly divided into experimental groups of low-, medium-, or high-dosages of PM2.5, a mock-treated group which was treated with the same amount of phosphate buffer solution (PBS), and acontrol group which was untreated. The ethology of offspring mice on postnatal days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 30, along with neuronal development and apoptosis in the cerebral cortex were investigated. Compared with the control, neuronal mitochondrial cristae fracture, changed autophagy characteristics, significantly increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cell rate, and mRNA levels of apoptosis-related caspase-8 and caspase-9 were found in cerebral cortex of mice offspring from the treatment groups, with mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax decreased. Treatment groups also demonstrated enhanced protein expressions of apoptosis-related cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8 and cleaved caspase-9, along with declined proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bcl-2, and ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax. Open field experiments and tail suspension experiments showed that exposure to high dosage of PM2.5 resulted in decreased spontaneous activities but increased static accumulation time in mice offspring, indicating anxiety, depression, and social behavioral changes. Our results suggested that maternal exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy might interfere with cerebral cortex development in mice offspring by affecting cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Zhang
- Experimental Center for Medical Research, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Xinrui Zheng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Wanwei Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Li Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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30
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de la Fuente C, Burke DG, Eaton S, Heales SJ. Inhibition of neuronal mitochondrial complex I or lysosomal glucocerebrosidase is associated with increased dopamine and serotonin turnover. Neurochem Int 2017; 109:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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31
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Are in vivo and in vitro assessments of comparative and combined toxicity of the same metallic nanoparticles compatible, or contradictory, or both? A juxtaposition of data obtained in respective experiments with NiO and Mn 3O 4 nanoparticles. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:393-404. [PMID: 28935498 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Comparative and combined damaging effects of NiO and Mn3O4 nanoparticles were estimated on cultures of several established human cell lines. The cytotoxicity indices used were: (a) reduction in cellular dehydrogenase activity, (b) decrease in the ATP-content, (c) for SH-SY5Y cells also decrease in the tyrosine hydroxylase content. The combined cytotoxicity was modeled using the Response Surface Methodology. When assessing the stability of metal oxide nanoparticles (MeO-NPs) in cultural media used by us, we found that the addition of the fetal bovine serum (FBS) to them renders NiO-NPs and, to even greater extent, Mn3O4-NPs exponentially slow soluble while without FBS their dissolution was virtually undetectable. At the same time, sedimentation of these MeO-NPs noticeably slowed down in the presence of the same FBS. We have found dependence of cell damage on concentrations of MeO-NPs and higher cytotoxicity of Mn3O4-NP compared with NiO-NP. Thus, comparative assessment of the NPs unspecific toxicity obtained in our animal experiments was reproduced by the "in vitro" tests. However, with respect to manganese-specific brain damage "in vivo" discovered previously, present experiments on neurons "in vitro" showed only a certain enhancing effect of Mn3O4-NP on the action of NiO-NP, but the role of NiO-NP in the combination prevailed.
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32
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Gong P, Deng F, Zhang W, Ji J, Liu J, Sun Y, Hu J. Tectorigenin attenuates the MPP +-induced SH-SY5Y cell damage, indicating a potential beneficial role in Parkinson's disease by oxidative stress inhibition. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4431-4437. [PMID: 29067118 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tectorigenin is a plant isoflavonoid primarily derived from the flowers of Pueraria thomsonii Benth. Although various biological properties of tectorigenin have been reported, such as its antioxidant activity, the effects of tectorigenin on the cellular models of Parkinson's disease have not yet been elucidated. The aims of the current study were to investigate whether tectorigenin prevents neurotoxicity induced by MPP+ (also known as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) in SH-SY5Y cells and to elucidate the underlying protective mechanism. Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase release were measured. The morphological changes of apoptotic cells were observed by Hoechst 33258 staining. Caspase-3, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity was measured using commercially available ELISA kits. The expression of cytochrome c, Bax, Bcl-2 and NADPH oxidase were detected by western blot analysis. The results indicated that treatment with MPP+ causes a significant decrease in the viability of cells and an increase in apoptosis, as evidenced by the upregulation of apoptotic cells, caspase-3 activity and cytochrome c expression. By contrast, these effects were all reversed by pretreatment with tectorigenin in SH-SY5Y cells. Tectorigenin also inhibited the MPP+-induced changes of Bax and Bcl-2 levels. In addition, pretreatment with tectorigenin mitigated the MPP+-caused increases in the levels of reactive oxygen species and NADPH oxidase protein in SH-SY5Y cells. Simultaneously, tectorigenin abolished the downregulation of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, that was induced by MPP+. In conclusion, the present study data indicate that the neuroprotective effect of tectorigenin against MPP+-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis may be involved in attenuating oxidative stress and enhancing antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurological Disease Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to The Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jin Ji
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jiayu Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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33
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La Cognata V, Maugeri G, D'Amico AG, Saccone S, Federico C, Cavallaro S, D'Agata V. Differential expression of PARK2 splice isoforms in an in vitro model of dopaminergic-like neurons exposed to toxic insults mimicking Parkinson's disease. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1062-1073. [PMID: 28688199 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in PARK2 (or parkin) are responsible for 50% of cases of autosomal-recessive juvenile-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, 21 alternative splice variants of the human gene have been cloned. Yet most studies have focused on the full-length protein, whereas the spectrum of the parkin isoforms expressed in PD has never been investigated. In this study, the role of parkin proteins in PD neurodegeneration was explored for the first time by analyzing their expression profile in an in vitro model of PD. To do so, undifferentiated and all-trans-retinoic-acid (RA)-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells (which thereby acquire a PD-like phenotype) were exposed to PD-mimicking neurotoxins: 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) are widely used in PD models, whereas carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and carbobenzoxy-Leu-Leu-leucinal (MG132) interfere, respectively, with mitochondrial mitophagy and proteasomal degradation. Following treatment with each neurotoxin H1, the first parkin isoform to be cloned, was down-regulated compared to the respective controls both in undifferentiated and RA-differentiated cells. In contrast, the expression pattern of the minor splice isoforms varied as a function of the compound used: it was largely unchanged in both cell cultures (eg, H21-H6, H12, XP isoform) or it showed virtually opposite alterations in undifferentiated and RA-differentiated cells (eg, H20 and H3 isoform). This complex picture suggests that up- or down-regulation may be a direct effect of toxin exposure, and that the different isoforms may exert different actions in neurodegeneration via modulation of different molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina La Cognata
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Grazia D'Amico
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta Federico
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Velia D'Agata
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Cao Q, Qin L, Huang F, Wang X, Yang L, Shi H, Wu H, Zhang B, Chen Z, Wu X. Amentoflavone protects dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model mice through PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 319:80-90. [PMID: 28185818 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis are suggested to be actively involved in the pathogenesis of PD. In the present study, the neuroprotective effect of amentoflavone (AF), a naturally occurring biflavonoid from Selaginella tamariscina, was examined in PD models both in vitro and in vivo. On SH-SY5Y cells, AF treatment dose-dependently reduced 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced nuclear condensation and loss of cell viability without obvious cytotoxicity. It inhibited the activation of caspase-3 and p21 but increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Further study disclosed that AF enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and ERK1/2 down-regulated by MPP+ in SH-SY5Y cells, the effect of which could be blocked by LY294002, the inhibitor of PI3K. Consistently, AF alleviated the behavioral deterioration in pole and traction tests and rescued the loss of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc and fibers in striatum in methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced mice. It also could enhance the activation of PI3K and Akt as well as Bcl-2/Bax ratio in SN. Moreover, AF alleviated gliosis as well as the gene expression levels of IL-1β and iNOS in SN. Collectively, these results suggested that AF protected dopaminergic neurons against MPTP/MPP+-induced neurotoxicity, which might be mediated through activation of PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways in dopaminergic neurons and attenuation of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Cao
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyue Qin
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Huang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wu
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescriptions, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, China.
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Echinacoside Protects Against MPP(+)-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis via ROS/ATF3/CHOP Pathway Regulation. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:349-62. [PMID: 27432061 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH) is protective in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)). To investigate the mechanisms involved, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated with MPP(+) or a combination of MPP(+) and ECH, and the expression of ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3), CHOP (C/EBP-homologous protein), SCNA (synuclein alpha), and GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) was assessed. The results showed that ECH significantly improved cell survival by inhibiting the generation of MPP(+)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, ECH suppressed the ROS and MPP(+)-induced expression of apoptotic genes (ATF3, CHOP, and SCNA). ECH markedly decreased the MPP(+)-induced caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner. ATF3-knockdown also decreased the CHOP and cleaved caspase-3 levels and inhibited the apoptosis induced by MPP(+). Interestingly, ECH partially restored the GDNF expression that was down-regulated by MPP(+). ECH also improved dopaminergic neuron survival during MPP(+) treatment and protected these neurons against the apoptosis induced by MPTP. Taken together, these data suggest that the ROS/ATF3/CHOP pathway plays a critical role in mechanisms by which ECH protects against MPP(+)-induced apoptosis in PD.
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Comment on: "Cytotoxicity of Oxycodone and Morphine in Human Neuroblastoma and Mouse Motoneuronal Cells: A Comparative Approach". Drugs R D 2016; 16:285-286. [PMID: 27225170 PMCID: PMC5045827 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-016-0135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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