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Nemeh MN, Curtiss P, Nijhawan RI. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of proliferating pilar tumors: A systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:122-124. [PMID: 37364614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proliferating pilar tumors (PPTs) are rare cutaneous neoplasms arising from hair follicles that have both malignant and metastatic potential. OBJECTIVE To present a systematic review of the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment and outcome data on PPTs. METHODS Using the OVID platform, MEDLINE and Embase were searched from inception until May 26, 2022. All studies that provided original data on PPTs in English were included. References of these studies were also cross-checked to identify any additional relevant articles. Oxford's Levels of Evidence-Based Medicine was used for quality assessment. RESULTS A total of 114 articles, providing data on 361 cases of PPTs, were included in our synthesis. Every study included was either a case series or case report. The mean age at diagnosis was 61.7. Most patients in the synthesis were female (71%), and the majority of cases occurred on the scalp (73.1%). The presence or absence of cytological atypia was only reported in one-third of the cases; 36.8% of cases were classified as malignant and 7.5% metastasized. Although no lesions treated with Mohs micrographic surgery required adjuvant radiation and only one reported recurrence occurred after Mohs surgery, there is insufficient data to make conclusions on a superior treatment modality. LIMITATIONS All studies in this review were either case reports or case series. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our study supports the notion that PPTs occur most commonly on the scalp of elderly female patients. Moreover, our findings confirm that PPT is capable of demonstrating aggressive biology and metastasis. Given the lack of uniformity in histologic description, pathologists should be encouraged to comment on the presence and degree of cytological atypia when reporting cases of rare neoplasms such as the PPT. Greater consensus on diagnosis and classification as well as more robust data is needed regarding optimal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Nemeh
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | - Paul Curtiss
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rajiv I Nijhawan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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2
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Wu M, Liao C, Zhao Z, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang G. Local narrow margin excision sequential with modified ALA-PDT for successful treatment of an 86-year-old patient with malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103524. [PMID: 36965758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor (MPTT) is thought to represent the malignant counterpart of benign proliferative pilar cyst, a lesion originating from the outer hair root sheath. We report a case of an 86-year-old woman with an exophytic nodule containing an ulcerated surface in the temporal region. Histopathologically confirmed MPTT without metastasis, and considering the risk of metastasis and recurrence, we used single local narrow margin excision combined with modified 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT). No recurrence of skin lesions was found in the 2-year follow-up after combined therapy. In conclusion, local narrow margin excision sequential with modified ALA-PDT may be a particularly promising and effective treatment option for MPTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshun Wu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Skin Cancer Center, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Caihe Liao
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Skin Cancer Center, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Zijun Zhao
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Skin Cancer Center, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Zhongxia Zhou
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Skin Cancer Center, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Yeqiang Liu
- Skin Cancer Center, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Department of Pathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Skin Cancer Center, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China; Skin Cancer Center, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
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3
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Kearns-Turcotte S, Thériault M, Blouin MM. Malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumors arising in patients with multiple trichilemmal cysts: a case series. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 22:42-46. [PMID: 35310136 PMCID: PMC8924508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sélia Kearns-Turcotte
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Correspondence to: Sélia Kearns-Turcotte, MD, Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, 11 Côte du Palais, Québec G1R2J6, Canada.
| | - Mimi Thériault
- Department of Dermatology, Hôtel-Dieu de Lévis, Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Chaudière-Appalaches, Lévis, Canada
| | - Marie-Michèle Blouin
- Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Joshi TP, Marchand S, Tschen J. Malignant Proliferating Trichilemmal Tumor: A Subtle Presentation in an African American Woman and Review of Immunohistochemical Markers for This Rare Condition. Cureus 2021; 13:e17289. [PMID: 34552829 PMCID: PMC8448674 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor (MPTT) is thought to represent the malignant counterpart of a benign proliferating trichilemmal cyst, a keratin-filled lesion that derives from the outer hair root sheath. The clinical appearance of MPTTs does not always correlate with their histopathologic behavior, emphasizing the need for biopsy and histopathological analysis. Here, we present a 46-year-old African American woman who was evaluated for an ostensibly benign cyst on her scalp that was diagnosed as an MPTT following histopathological examination. She was treated with simple surgical resection that was flush with the cyst margins, followed by Mohs surgery to ensure complete resection. As immunohistochemistry (IHC) has often been used to characterize MPTTs, we also review the various IHC markers reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas P Joshi
- Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Sharon Marchand
- Dermatology, Dermatology and Laser Medicine of Southeast Texas, Beaumont, USA
| | - Jaime Tschen
- Dermatology, St Joseph Dermatopathology, Houston, USA
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Płachta I, Kleibert M, Czarnecka AM, Spałek M, Szumera-Ciećkiewicz A, Rutkowski P. Current Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Cutaneous Adnexal Neoplasms with Follicular Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4759. [PMID: 33946233 PMCID: PMC8125718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplasms derived from follicular tissue are extremely rare. Clinically, they are reported as non-symptomatic, slow-growing nodules. These lesions are mainly benign, but the malignant type can occur. Mainly middle-aged people (50-60 years of age) are affected. These carcinomas are mainly localized on the head and neck or torso. They can be locally aggressive and infiltrate surrounding tissue and metastasize to regional lymph nodes. In the minority of cases, distant metastases are diagnosed. Quick and relevant diagnosis is the basis of a treatment for all types of tumors. The patient's life expectancy depends on multiple prognostic factors, including the primary tumor size and its mitotic count. Patients should be referred to a specialized skin cancer center to receive optimal multidisciplinary treatment. This article tries to summarize all the information that is currently available about pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment methods of follicular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Płachta
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (I.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kleibert
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (I.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (P.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (I.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Mateusz Spałek
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (I.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna Szumera-Ciećkiewicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Diagnostic Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Rutkowski
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (I.P.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (P.R.)
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Łojszczyk A, Łopuszyński W, Szadkowski M, Orzelski M, Twardowski P. Aggressive squamous cell carcinoma of the cranium of a dog. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:144. [PMID: 33823849 PMCID: PMC8025535 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors report a case of keratinized squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a 14-year-old dog with extensive cranial bone invasion. To our knowledge, this is the first description of such a case of cranial keratinized SCC with aggressive generalized osteolysis described in a dog. CASE PRESENTATION The 14-year-old dog was referred for radiological examination with suspicion of head trauma with clinical signs of head deformation, exophthalmos and nasal discharge. The skull radiographs showed a large osteolytic defect of the frontal bone and parietal bone in the region of the external sagittal crest. Findings from the skull CT scan included generalized osteolysis in the region of parietal bone, frontal bones, maxilla on the right side and the nasal bone including the dorsal nasal concha. In the area of bone loss, new soft tissue formation with multifocal foci of mineralization was visible. The ultrasound examination revealed hypoechogenic changes with hyperechoic foci consistent with mineralization and poor vascularization. The brain and ocular structures were without visible changes. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed, and squamous cell carcinoma was suspected. After 3 months, the re-presented to the clinic. The dog became progressively listless, his appetite was decreased, and he became acutely blind. Follow-up skull CT scan revealed significant osteolysis, which affected a significant aspect of the cranium. All bone defects had been replaced by new 3.5 cm-thick soft tissue formations with multifocal small 1-2 mm areas of mineralization. There was no evidence of metastasis. Histological examination confirmed the suspicion of squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS This paper is the first report of cranial SCC in a dog causing extensive bone osteolysis. The lesions in this dog originated from the frontal and parietal bones including frontal sinuses. There are variants of tumors that arise from squamous epithelium or resemble SCC in the skull. These examples include adenosquamous carcinoma and proliferating trichilemmal tumours. In addition, there is possible malignant transformation caused by papilloma viruses. In the veterinary literature, there is only one similar description of adenosquamous carcinoma in a cat with similar clinical manifestations. It is justified to suspect a process of neoplastic epithelial origin in all cases of aggressive and extensive skull bone lysis. This issue should be subject to further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Łojszczyk
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Laboratory of Radiology and Ultrasonography, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Łopuszyński
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szadkowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Laboratory of Radiology and Ultrasonography, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Orzelski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Laboratory of Radiology and Ultrasonography, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Twardowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Laboratory of Radiology and Ultrasonography, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
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Trichilemmal carcinoma in an unexposed area of the nose: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 81:105752. [PMID: 33743254 PMCID: PMC8010459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.105752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichilemmal carcinoma (TC) is a rare malignancy originating in hair follicles. TC usually occurs in photo-exposed areas. We report a rare case of TC in a non-sun-exposed area of the nose. Surgical excision with wide margins prevents local recurrence.
Introduction Trichilemmal carcinoma (TC) is a rare, low-grade, cutaneous malignant lesion that originates from hair follicle cells. It usually occurs in photo-exposed areas, especially on the face, scalp, neck, and dorsal part of the hand. We report a case of an adult female with TC in an unexposed area of the nose, which completely obstructed the right nasal cavity. Case presentation An 82-year-old female presented with TC in a non-sun-exposed area of the nasal cavity, which grew progressively over one year and caused nasal obstruction. The mass had dimensions of 15cm × 8cm, and it was removed surgically with a wide and deep excision. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of TC. A follow-up at three years post-surgery revealed no signs of recurrence. Conclusion Surgical excision with wide margins improved the treatment outcome by preventing local recurrence and providing satisfying cosmetic results.
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Yildiz P, Aydin Ulgen O, Yol C, Demirkesen C. Proliferating Pilar Tumors: Can Immunohistochemistry Differentiate Benign and Malignant Forms? Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:198-201. [PMID: 33405401 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proliferating pilar tumor (PPT) is an adnexal tumor of purported differentiation toward the follicular outer root sheath. Immunohistochemistry has been suggested to differentiate between benign and malignant forms. METHODS Eleven benign (PPT) and 9 malignant PPT lesions were reviewed; Ki67, p27, and p53 were applied. The staining intensity (strong, moderate, weak, and negative), positive cell numbers, and marker indexes (%) were scored using image-analysis software (ViraSoft). RESULTS Overall, there was no significant correlation between Ki67 and p53 and histopathological features. However, malignant PPTs had significantly lower numbers of p27-positive cells (P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS Our study includes the largest group of patients in whom image analysis of p53, Ki67, and p27 has been used to try to separate benign from malignant lesions. Although there were no significant differences regarding Ki67 and p53, malignant lesions have a statistically lower expression of p27. Further studies may be needed to determine the clinical usefulness of image analysis in this differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Yildiz
- Department of Pathology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ovgu Aydin Ulgen
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey ; and
| | - Cansu Yol
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey ; and
| | - Cuyan Demirkesen
- Department of Pathology, Acibadem University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Agarwal C, Pujani M, Raychaudhuri S, Arora S, Rana D, Chauhan V. Squamous Cell Carcinoma versus Malignant Proliferating Trichilemmal Tumor: A Histopathological Dilemma with Review of Literature. Indian J Dermatol 2019; 64:339. [PMID: 31516158 PMCID: PMC6714204 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_229_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charu Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India. E-mail:
| | - Mukta Pujani
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India. E-mail:
| | - Sujata Raychaudhuri
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India. E-mail:
| | - Sheetal Arora
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India. E-mail:
| | - Deepshikha Rana
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India. E-mail:
| | - Varsha Chauhan
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India. E-mail:
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10
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Evrenos MK, Kerem H, Temiz P, Ermertcan AT, Yoleri L. Malignant tumor of outer root sheath epithelium, trichilemmal carcinoma. Clinical presentations, treatments and outcomes. Saudi Med J 2018; 39:213-216. [PMID: 29436573 PMCID: PMC5885101 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2018.2.21085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To emphasize different clinical features of tumor that can be misdiagnosed clinically. METHODS A total of 8 cases operated between September 2009 and 2016 at the Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine were included in the study. Patients' clinicopathological features, type of surgery and follow up information were evaluated. Results: Six patients were male. The average age was 75.50. The lesions were located on the head and neck, and chest wall. Six patients had a history of the rapid growth of lesion. There was no metastasis at the time of diagnosis. None of the patients needed adjuvant therapy. Mean follow up time was 19.37 months. None of the patients developed recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion: This tumor resembles basal or squamous cell carcinoma. The histopathological evaluation may lead to misdiagnosis. Regional or distant metastasis is very rare. There is no consensus about adjuvant therapy. Screening for metastasis and close follow up are mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Kürşat Evrenos
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. E-mail.
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Singh P, Usman A, Motta L, Khan I. Malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumour. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2018-224460. [PMID: 30121565 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-224460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferating trichilemmal tumours are benign but locally aggressive skin neoplasms arising from hair follicles. Rarely, they can become malignant and must be appropriately managed to prevent recurrence and metastasis. One must have a low threshold for diagnosing this rare neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateush Singh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ayesha Usman
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St Helens and Knowsley NHS Trust, Prescot, UK
| | - Luisa Motta
- Department of Pathology, St Helens and Knowsley NHS Trust, Prescot, UK
| | - Irfan Khan
- St Helens and Knowsley NHS Trust, Prescot, UK
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Viarnaud A, Alhazmi K, Constant G, Gaudron S, Hirsch G, Janier M, Ochisor R, Hillion B. [Proliferating trichilemmal cyst: An unusual presentation]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2017; 144:326-328. [PMID: 28238462 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Viarnaud
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefeaux, 75010 Paris, France.
| | - K Alhazmi
- Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefeaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - G Constant
- Service d'anatomopathologie, centre hospitalier de Marne la vallée, 2-4, cours de la Gondoire, 77600 Jossigny, France
| | - S Gaudron
- Service de dermatologie, centre hospitalier de Marne la vallée, 2-4, cours de la Gondoire, 77600 Jossigny, France
| | - G Hirsch
- Service de dermatologie, centre hospitalier de Marne la vallée, 2-4, cours de la Gondoire, 77600 Jossigny, France
| | - M Janier
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Saint-Joseph, 185, rue Raymond-Losserand, 75014 Paris, France
| | - R Ochisor
- Service de chirurgie viscérale, centre hospitalier de Marne la vallée, 2-4, cours de la gondoire, 77600 Jossigny, France
| | - B Hillion
- Service de dermatologie, centre hospitalier de Marne la vallée, 2-4, cours de la Gondoire, 77600 Jossigny, France
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Atypical Proliferating Trichilemmal Cyst with Malignant Breast Skin Transformation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Oncol Med 2016; 2016:7481569. [PMID: 27403361 PMCID: PMC4923530 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7481569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferating trichilemmal tumors (PTTs) are benign adnexal skin neoplasms that arise from the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. These tumors are most commonly observed on the scalp and occur, most of the time, in elderly women. Malignant transformation of these neoplasms is a rare event; less than 50 cases have been reported in the English medical literature. We present the case of a 39-year-old Hispanic woman with a tumor located on the skin of one of her breasts that in her third surgical procedure the histologic examination revealed the presence of a malignant proliferating trichilemmal tumor (MPTT). Furthermore, a review of the medical literature and a discussion of the clinical and pathologic features of this rare entity are provided.
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