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Zefferino R, Conese M. A Vaccine against Cancer: Can There Be a Possible Strategy to Face the Challenge? Possible Targets and Paradoxical Effects. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1701. [PMID: 38006033 PMCID: PMC10674257 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Is it possible to have an available vaccine that eradicates cancer? Starting from this question, this article tries to verify the state of the art, proposing a different approach to the issue. The variety of cancers and different and often unknown causes of cancer impede, except in some cited cases, the creation of a classical vaccine directed at the causative agent. The efforts of the scientific community are oriented toward stimulating the immune systems of patients, thereby preventing immune evasion, and heightening chemotherapeutic agents effects against cancer. However, the results are not decisive, because without any warning signs, metastasis often occurs. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on a vaccine that must be administered to a patient in order to prevent metastasis; metastasis is an event that leads to death, and thus, preventing it could transform cancer into a chronic disease. We underline the fact that the field has not been studied in depth, and that the complexity of metastatic processes should not be underestimated. Then, with the aim of identifying the target of a cancer vaccine, we draw attention to the presence of the paradoxical actions of different mechanisms, pathways, molecules, and immune and non-immune cells characteristic of the tumor microenvironment at the primary site and pre-metastatic niche in order to exclude possible vaccine candidates that have opposite effects/behaviors; after a meticulous evaluation, we propose possible targets to develop a metastasis-targeting vaccine. We conclude that a change in the current concept of a cancer vaccine is needed, and the efforts of the scientific community should be redirected toward a metastasis-targeting vaccine, with the increasing hope of eradicating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zefferino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
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2
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Bach N, Winzer R, Tolosa E, Fiedler W, Brauneck F. The Clinical Significance of CD73 in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11759. [PMID: 37511518 PMCID: PMC10380759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new and effective treatment targets for cancer immunotherapy is an ongoing challenge. Alongside the more established inhibitory immune checkpoints, a novel potential target is CD73. As one of the key enzymes in the purinergic signalling pathway CD73 is responsible for the generation of immune suppressive adenosine. The expression of CD73 is higher in tumours than in the corresponding healthy tissues and associated with a poor prognosis. CD73, mainly by the production of adenosine, is critical in the suppression of an adequate anti-tumour immune response, but also in promoting cancer cell proliferation, tumour growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The upregulation of CD73 and generation of adenosine by tumour or tumour-associated immune cells is a common resistance mechanism to many cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Therefore, the inhibition of CD73 represents a new and promising approach to increase therapy efficacy. Several CD73 inhibitors have already been developed and successfully demonstrated anti-cancer activity in preclinical studies. Currently, clinical studies evaluate CD73 inhibitors in different therapy combinations and tumour entities. The initial results suggest that inhibiting CD73 could be an effective option to augment anti-cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the rationale behind the CD73 inhibition in different treatment combinations and the role of CD73 as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Bach
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Riekje Winzer
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Walter Fiedler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Brauneck
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Yu Y, Wang Y, Xi D, Wang N, Gao L, Shi Q, Yu R, Li H, Xiang L, Maswikiti EP, Chen H. A novel adenosine signalling-based prognostic signature in gastric cancer and its association with cancer immune features and immunotherapy response. Cell Biol Int 2023. [PMID: 37366248 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Reliable prognostic signatures that can reflect the intrinsic characteristics of gastric cancer (GC) are still rare. Here, we developed an adenosine-based prognostic signature and explored its association with the tumour immune in GC patients, aiming at confirming the prognostic value of adenosine-related genes and guiding the GC risk stratification and immunotherapeutic response prediction. We collected adenosine pathway-related genes from STRING websites and manual searching. We enrolled the The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort and four gene expression omnibus cohorts of GC for generating and validating the adenosine pathway-based signature using the Cox regression method. Gene expression in the signature was verified using polymerase chain reaction. We also performed gene set enrichment analysis, immune infiltration assessment and immunotherapy response prediction based on this signature. Our study resulted in a six-gene adenosine signature (GNAS, CXCR4, PPP1R1B, ADCY6, NT5E and NOS3) for risk stratification of GC prognosis, with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve up to 0.767 for predicting 10-year overall survival (OS). In the training cohort, patients with signature-defined high risk had significantly poorer OS than those with low risk (p < .001). Multivariate analysis identified the signature as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 2.863, 95% confidence interval [1.871-4.381], p < .001). These findings were confirmed in four independent cohorts. Expression detection showed that all signature genes were upregulated in both GC tissues and cell lines. Further analysis revealed that the signature-defined high-risk patients were characterised by immunosuppressive states and associated with a poor immunotherapy response. In conclusion, the adenosine pathway-based signature represents a promising risk stratification tool for GC in guiding individualised prognostication and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yidian Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dayong Xi
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Na Wang
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lei Gao
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qianling Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rong Yu
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haiyuan Li
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ewetse Paul Maswikiti
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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4
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Jain D, Somasundaram DB, Aravindan S, Yu Z, Baker A, Esmaeili A, Aravindan N. Prognostic significance of NT5E/CD73 in neuroblastoma and its function in CSC stemness maintenance. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:967-989. [PMID: 34773529 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73), a cell surface enzyme that catalyzes adenosine monophosphate (AMP) breakdown to adenosine, is differentially expressed in cancers and has prognostic significance. We investigated its expression profile in neuroblastoma (NB), its association with NB clinical outcomes, and its influence in the regulation of cancer stem cells' (CSCs) stemness maintenance. RNA-Seq data mining (22 independent study cohorts, total n = 3836) indicated that high CD73 can predict good NB prognosis. CD73 expression (immunohistochemistry) gauged in an NB patient cohort (n = 87) showed a positive correlation with longer overall survival (OS, P = 0.0239) and relapse-free survival (RFS, P = 0.0242). Similarly, high CD73 correlated with longer OS and RFS in advanced disease stages, MYCN non-amplified (MYCN-na), and Stage-4-MYCN-na subsets. Despite no definite association in children < 2 years old (2Y), high CD73 correlated with longer OS (P = 0.0294) and RFS (P = 0.0315) in children > 2Y. Consistently, high CD73 was associated with better OS in MYCN-na, high-risk, and stage-4 subsets of children > 2Y. Multivariate analysis identified CD73 as an independent (P = 0.001) prognostic factor for NB. Silencing CD73 in patient-derived (stage 4, progressive disease) CHLA-171 and CHLA-172 cells revealed cell-line-independent activation of 58 CSC stemness maintenance molecules (QPCR profiling). Overexpressing CD73 in CHLA-20 and CHLA-90 cells with low CD73 and silencing in CHLA-171 and CHLA-172 cells with high CD73 showed that CD73 regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition (E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, Vimentin), stemness maintenance (Sox2, Nanog, Oct3/4), self-renewal capacity (Notch), and differentiation inhibition (leukemia inhibitory factor, LIF) proteins (confocal-immunofluorescence). These results demonstrate that high CD73 can predict good prognosis in NB, and further suggest that CD73 regulates stemness maintenance in cells that defy clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishti Jain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dinesh Babu Somasundaram
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Zhongxin Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ashley Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Azadeh Esmaeili
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Natarajan Aravindan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Izawa M, Tanaka N, Murakami T, Anno T, Teranishi Y, Takamatsu K, Mikami S, Kakimi K, Imamura T, Matsumoto K, Oya M. Single-Cell Phenotyping of CD73 Expression Reveals the Diversity of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Reflects the Prognosis of Bladder Cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100040. [PMID: 36870289 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cutting edge of cancer immunotherapy extends to ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73), a cell membrane enzyme that targets the metabolism of extracellular adenosine. We herein focused on the expression of CD73 to clarify the state of CD73 positivity in cancer immunity and tumor microenvironment, thereby revealing a new survival predictor for patients with bladder cancer (BCa). We used clinical tissue microarrays of human BCa and simultaneously performed the fluorescent staining of cell type-specific markers (CD3, CD8, Foxp3, programmed cell death protein 1, and programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1]) and CD73 together with DAPI for nuclear staining. In total, 156 participants were included. Multiplexed cellular imaging revealed a unique interaction between CD73 expression and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in human BCa, showing the high infiltration of CD8+CD73+ CTLs and Foxp3+CD73+ Treg cells in tumors to be associated with tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in BCa. Interestingly, from a biomarker perspective, the high infiltration of CD73+ Treg cells in tumors was identified as an independent risk factor for overall survival in addition to clinicopathologic features. Regarding the relationship between immune checkpoint molecules and CD73 expression, both CD73+ CTLs and CD73+ Treg cells tended to coexpress programmed cell death protein 1 as tumor invasiveness and nuclear grade increased. Additionally, they may occupy a spatial niche located distantly from PD-L1+ cells in tumors to interfere less with the cancerous effects of PD-L1+ cells. In conclusion, the present results on the status of CD73 in cancer immunity suggest that CD73 expression on specific T-cell types has a negative immunoregulatory function. These findings may provide further insights into the immunobiological landscape of BCa, which may be translationally linked to improvements in future immunotherapy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Izawa
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tetsushi Murakami
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadatsugu Anno
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Teranishi
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shuji Mikami
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immuno-therapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | | | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Bieri U, Enderlin D, Buser L, Wettstein MS, Eberli D, Moch H, Hermanns T, Poyet C. Modified immunoscore improves the prediction of progression-free survival in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A digital pathology study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:964672. [PMID: 36212478 PMCID: PMC9539272 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.964672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), known to be of prognostic value in various solid tumours, have been in the focus of research in the last years. TIL are often quantified via IMMUNOSCORE ® (IS), a scoring system based on TIL cell densities. Recent studies were able to replicate these findings for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), however data regarding non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the value of a modified Immunoscore (mIS) as a predictive marker for NMIBC prognosis using tissue-micro-arrays (TMAs). We analysed two TMAs containing 316 samples from 158 patients with NMIBC, stained for CD3, CD8, CD45RO and FOXP3. Stained TIL were captured by digital pathology, cumulated, averaged, and reported as density (stained cells per mm²). The mIS was then constructed based on density of all four immune-cell types. Clinical, pathological and follow-up data were collected retrospectively. Univariable and multivariable cox regression analysis was performed to assess the potential value of mIS as a predictor for progression free survival (PFS) and recurrence-free-survival (RFS). Patients within "European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer" (EORTC) risk groups were further substratified in high mIS and low mIS subgroups. Finally log-rank test was used to compare the different survival curves. The median age in our cohort was 68 years (Interquartile Range (IQR): 60 - 76), and 117 (74%) patients were male. A total of 26 patients (16.5%) were classified as EORTC low risk, 45 (28.5%) as intermediate risk and 87 (55.1%) as high risk. Patients in the EORTC high risk group with low mIS showed a shorter PFS in comparison to high mIS (HR 2.9, CI 0.79 - 11.0, p=0.082). In contrast, no predictive potential regarding PFS was observed in intermediate or low risk groups. Furthermore, mIS was not able to predict RFS in any EORTC risk group. mIS could be utilized to predict prognosis more accurately in high-risk patients with NMIBC by identifying those with higher or lower risk of progression. Therefore, mIS could be used to allocate these highrisk patients to more streamlined follow-up or more aggressive treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Bieri
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Enderlin
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Buser
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marian S. Wettstein
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hermanns
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Poyet
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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[Blocking Adenosine/A2AR Pathway for Cancer Therapy]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:460-467. [PMID: 35899442 PMCID: PMC9346148 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.102.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a metabolite produced abundantly in the tumor microenvironment, dampening immune response in inflamed tissues via adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) which is widely expressed on immune cells, inhibiting anti-tumor immune response accordingly. Therefore, blocking adenosine signaling pathway is of potential to promote anti-tumor immunity. This review briefly introduces adenosine signaling pathway, describes its role in regulating tumor immunity and highlights A2AR blockade in cancer therapy. Prospective anti-tumor activity of adenosine/A2AR inhibition has been revealed by preclinical data, and a number of clinical trials of A2AR antagonists are under way. Primary results from clinical trials suggest that A2AR antagonists are well tolerated in cancer patients and are effective both as monotherapy and in combination with other therapies. In the future, finding predictive biomarkers are critical to identify patients most likely to benefit from adenosine pathway blockade, and further researches are needed to rationally combine A2AR antagonists with other anti-tumor therapies.
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Sweed D, Taha M, Abd Elhamed S, Shams El Dein Mohamed A. The Prognostic Role of CD73/A2AR Expression and Tumor Immune Response in Periampullary Carcinoma Subtypes. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:1239-1246. [PMID: 35485681 PMCID: PMC9375596 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.4.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periampullary adenocarcinoma (PAAC) is a rare, lethal heterogeneous group of malignancy that differs in their molecular phenotypes. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73)/adenosine A2A Receptor (A2AR) pathway has shown an emerging role in cancer therapy through modulating the immune response. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the functional role of CD73 and A2AR in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and ampullary carcinoma (AC). MATERIAL AND METHODS An immunohistochemical study for CD73 and A2AR carried on 48 PDAC cases, 21 AC cases and 34 adjacent non-tumor tissues that were taken from the farthest point of normal pancreatic tissue away from the tumor. RESULTS CD73 was overexpressed in the PDAC (p < 0.001), and AC (p = 0.004) groups compared to their non-tumor tissues. However, A2AR was overexpressed in the PDAC group (p = 0.003) but not in the AC group (p = 0.359) compared to non-tumor tissue. In the PDAC group, CD73 overexpression was significantly associated with longer overall survival (p = 0.018). In contrary, A2AR overexpression was significantly associated with high grade (p = 0.001) and late- stage (p = 0.01). Both markers had no prognostic impact on AC. In the meantime, tumor immune response showed a negative prognostic role in PDAC and AC. The prognostic role of tumor immune response in the PDAC group was strongly modulated by CD73 and A2AR expression. CONCLUSIONS PDAC and AC shared CD73 Overexpression while A2AR was overexpressed in PDAC only. In PDAC, CD73 and A2AR showed an opposed prognostic effect but both had no prognostic impact on AC. In addition, tumor immune response showed a controversial impact on the prognosis of PDAC and AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Sweed
- National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad Taha
- National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt.
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9
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Cao X, Zhu Z, Cao Y, Hu J, Min M. CD73 is a hypoxia-responsive gene and promotes the Warburg effect of human gastric cancer cells dependent on its enzyme activity. J Cancer 2021; 12:6372-6382. [PMID: 34659527 PMCID: PMC8489133 DOI: 10.7150/jca.62387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Warburg effect is closely associated with malignant phenotypes and poor prognosis in gastric cancer. CD73 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored cell surface protein that functions as an oncogene in a variety of human cancers. However, the relationship between CD73 and the Warburg effect has yet to be fully understood. Methods: Integrative analysis was performed to identify glycolysis-related genes in gastric cancer. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function are performed to demonstrate the roles of CD73 in gastric cancer cell proliferation and glycolysis. Cell biological, molecular, and biochemical approaches are used to uncover the underlying mechanism. Results: In this study, we find that CD73 is a glycolysis-associated gene and is induced by hypoxia in gastric cancer. Genetic silencing of CD73 reduces gastric cancer cell proliferation and glycolytic ability. Opposite effects were observed by CD73 overexpression. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of CD73 activity by APCP inhibits tumor growth, which can be largely compromised by the addition of adenosine, suggesting an enzyme activity-dependent effect of CD73 in gastric cancer. Furthermore, hijacking tumor glycolysis by 2-DG or galactose largely abrogated the oncogenic roles of CD73, indicating that CD73 promotes tumor growth in a glycolysis-dependent manner in gastric cancer. By the subcutaneous xenograft model, we confirmed the promotive roles of CD73 in regulating cell proliferation and glycolysis in gastric cancer. Conclusions: This study provides strong evidence of the involvement of CD73 in the Warburg effect and indicates that it could be a novel antitumor strategy to target tumor metabolism in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziman Zhu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-biliary Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, the George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Alcedo KP, Bowser JL, Snider NT. The elegant complexity of mammalian ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:829-842. [PMID: 34116887 PMCID: PMC8448938 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is a fundamental mechanism used by all cells to control their internal activities and interact with the environment. A key component of the purinergic system, the enzyme ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) catalyzes the last step in the extracellular metabolism of ATP to form adenosine. Efforts to harness the therapeutic potential of endogenous adenosine in cancer have culminated in the ongoing clinical development of multiple CD73-targeting antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors. However, recent studies are painting an increasingly complex picture of CD73 mRNA and protein regulation and function in cellular homeostasis, physiological adaptation, and disease development. This review discusses the latest conceptual and methodological advances that are helping to unravel the complexity of this important enzyme that was identified nearly 90 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel P Alcedo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jessica L Bowser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Natasha T Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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11
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High CD39 expression is associated with the non-muscle-invasive phenotype of human bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1580-1586. [PMID: 34381563 PMCID: PMC8351603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An accurate prediction of progression is critical to define the management of bladder cancer (BC). The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 play strategic roles in calibrating purinergic signals via an extracellular balance between ATP and adenosine. The altered expression of these enzymes plays a potential role in tumor invasion and metastasis, therefore, has been proposed to be used for prognosis of solid tumor. In BC this is not yet clear. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate CD39 and CD73 expression in a cohort of patients with non-muscle-invasive (NMI) and muscle-invasive (MI) BC regard to its association with clinicopathological features. Materials and Methods: Retrospective clinical follow-up data and primary urothelial BC specimens of 162 patients were used (87 from patients who underwent transurethral resection and 75 from cystectomized patients). Tissue microarrays were constructed, and immunohistochemistry for CD39 and CD73 was performed to make associations with clinicopathological data. Results: Overall, 96 were NMI (59.3%) and 66 MI (40.7%). CD39 immunoreactivity in BC cells was found in 72% of the cases, while CD73 was found in 97%. High CD39 expression alone was more frequent in NMI BC (p < 0.001), while CD73 expression was not powerful to predict the stage of BC. The association of both markers confirmed that only CD39 has potential in BC prognosis. Conclusions: The altered expression of CD39 presented herein supports the idea that this ectonucleotidase may be involved in bladder tumorigenesis. High expression of CD39 in tumor cells is correlated with the early stage of BC.
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12
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Zhao J, Soto LMS, Wang H, Katz MH, Prakash LR, Kim M, Tzeng CWD, Lee JE, Wolff RA, Huang Y, Wistuba II, Maitra A, Wang H. Overexpression of CD73 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is associated with immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and poor survival. Pancreatology 2021; 21:942-949. [PMID: 33832821 PMCID: PMC8802341 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD73, a newly recognized immune checkpoint mediator, is expressed in several types of malignancies. However, CD73 expression and its impact on tumor microenvironment and clinical outcomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unclear. METHODS This study included two cohorts: 138 patients from our institution (MDA) and 176 patients from TCGA dataset. CD73 expression, CD4+, CD8+, CD21+ and CD45RO + tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. The results of CD73 expression were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters, survival and TILs. RESULTS CD73 overexpression correlated with poor differentiation (P = 0.002) and tumor size (P = 0.049). For CD73-low group, median overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were 26.9 ± 3.8 months and 12.6 ± 2.6 months, respectively, compared to 16.9 ± 4.4 months (P = 0.01) and 7.9 ± 1.2 months (P = 0.01), respectively, in CD73-high group. CD73 was an independent predictor for both RFS (P = 0.02) and OS (P = 0.01) by multivariate variate analysis. Similarly, CD73-high tumors had significantly shorter OS than CD73-low tumors in TCGA dataset (P < 0.0001). CD73-high correlated with decreased CD4+ TILs in MDA cohort and decreased CD8A and CR2 (CD21) expression in TCGA cohort. CONCLUSIONS CD73 overexpression is associated with poor differentiation, tumor size, and shorter survival, and is an independent prognostic factor in PDAC patients. CD73 overexpression is associated with decreased CD4+, CD8+ and CD21+ TILs. Our data support that CD73 plays an important role in immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and promote tumor progression in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa M Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew H Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura R Prakash
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ching-Wei D Tzeng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert A Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanqing Huang
- Evolution of Cancer, Leukemia and Immunity Post Stem Cell Transplant (ECLIPSE), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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13
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CD39 Regulation and Functions in T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158068. [PMID: 34360833 PMCID: PMC8348030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD39 is an enzyme which is responsible, together with CD73, for a cascade converting adenosine triphosphate into adenosine diphosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ultimately leading to the release of an immunosuppressive form of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we first review the environmental and genetic factors shaping CD39 expression. Second, we report CD39 functions in the T cell compartment, highlighting its role in regulatory T cells, conventional CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. Finally, we compile a list of studies, from preclinical models to clinical trials, which have made essential contributions to the discovery of novel combinatorial approaches in the treatment of cancer.
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14
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Qu B, Yang H, Hu S, Dong X. If small molecules immunotherapy comes, can the prime be far behind? Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113356. [PMID: 33773287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anti-cancer immunotherapy, which includes cellular immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors and cancer vaccines, has transformed the treatment strategies of several malignancies in the past decades. Immune checkpoints blockade (ICB) is the most commonly tested therapy and has the potential to induce a durable immune response in different types of cancers. However, all approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which are fraught with disadvantages including lack of oral bioavailability, prolonged tissue retention and poor membrane permeability. Therefore, the research focus has shifted to developing small molecule inhibitors to obviate the limitations of mAbs. Given the complexity of the tumor micro-environment (TME), the combination of ICIs with various small molecule agonists/inhibitors are currently being tested in clinical trials to improve treatment outcomes and prevent tumor recurrence. In this review, we have summarized the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of several molecular targets, along with the current status of small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Bingxue Qu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), PR China; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China
| | - Shengquan Hu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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15
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Turiello R, Pinto A, Morello S. CD73: A Promising Biomarker in Cancer Patients. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:609931. [PMID: 33364969 PMCID: PMC7751688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.609931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aldo Pinto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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16
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Giatromanolaki A, Kouroupi M, Pouliliou S, Mitrakas A, Hasan F, Pappa A, Koukourakis MI. Ectonucleotidase CD73 and CD39 expression in non-small cell lung cancer relates to hypoxia and immunosuppressive pathways. Life Sci 2020; 259:118389. [PMID: 32898522 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released at a high concentration in the tumor microenvironment. The overexpression of ectonucleotidases in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), metabolizing ΑΤP to the immunosuppressive adenosine, is studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the expression of the ectonucleotidases CD73 and CD39 in NSCLC in parallel with immunological parameters and markers of hypoxia and anaerobic metabolism. In vitro experiments with A549 and H1299 lung cancer cell lines were also conducted. RESULTS CD73 and CD39 were not expressed by normal bronchial and alveolar epithelium. In contrast, these were overexpressed by cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). High CD73 cancer cell expression was directly linked with lactate dehydrogenase LDH5 and with hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1α expression by cancer cells. The expression of CD39 by CAFs was directly linked with PD-L1 expression by cancer cells. A significant abundance of FOXP3+ and PD-1+ TILs was noted in tumors with high CD73 and CD39 stroma expression. In in vitro experiments, hypoxia and acidity induced CD73 mRNA and protein levels in cancer cell lines. Exposure of cancer cell lines to adenosine induced the expression of PD-L1 and LDHA mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSION Ectonucleotidases are up-regulated in cancer cells, CAFs, and TILs in lung tumors. Such overexpression is linked with regulatory TIL-phenotype and PD-L1 up-regulation by cancer cells. Overexpression of LDH5 is up-regulated by adenosine, creating a vicious cycle, as the high amounts of ATP produced by LDH5-mediated anaerobic glycolysis promote the production of adenosine by a tumor microenvironment rich in ectonucleotidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Giatromanolaki
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Maria Kouroupi
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Stamatia Pouliliou
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Achilleas Mitrakas
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Fatma Hasan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, University Campus Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Michael I Koukourakis
- Department of Radiotherapy/Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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17
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Harvey JB, Phan LH, Villarreal OE, Bowser JL. CD73's Potential as an Immunotherapy Target in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Immunol 2020; 11:508. [PMID: 32351498 PMCID: PMC7174602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD73, a cell surface 5'nucleotidase that generates adenosine, has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for reprogramming cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment to dampen antitumor immune cell evasion. Decades of studies have paved the way for these findings, starting with the discovery of adenosine signaling, particularly adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) signaling, as a potent suppressor of tissue-devastating immune cell responses, and evolving with studies focusing on CD73 in breast cancer, melanoma, and non-small cell lung cancer. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a major cause of cancer-related deaths. Evidence is mounting that shows promise for improving patient outcomes through incorporation of immunomodulatory strategies as single agents or in combination with current treatment options. Recently, several immune checkpoint inhibitors received FDA approval for use in GI cancers; however, clinical benefit is limited. Investigating molecular mechanisms promoting immunosuppression, such as CD73, in GI cancers can aid in current efforts to extend the efficacy of immunotherapy to more patients. In this review, we discuss current clinical and basic research studies on CD73 in GI cancers, including gastric, liver, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer, with special focus on the potential of CD73 as an immunotherapy target in these cancers. We also present a summary of current clinical studies targeting CD73 and/or A2AR and combination of these therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry B. Harvey
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Luan H. Phan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Oscar E. Villarreal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jessica L. Bowser
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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18
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Koivisto MK, Tervahartiala M, Kenessey I, Jalkanen S, Boström PJ, Salmi M. Cell-type-specific CD73 expression is an independent prognostic factor in bladder cancer. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:84-92. [PMID: 30395172 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD73 is an adenosine-producing cell surface enzyme, which exerts strong anti-inflammatory and migration modulating effects in many cell types. We evaluated the potential of CD73 as a biomarker in predicting the outcome of bladder carcinoma. CD73 expression in tumor and stromal cells was analyzed using immunohistochemistry in 270 bladder cancer (BC) patients [166 non-muscle-invasive BC (NMIBC) and 104 muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) tumors]. The correlations of CD73 with clinical and pathological characteristics were evaluated with Pearson's and Fischer's tests. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the association between CD73 expression and outcome. CD73 expression showed substantial variation in basal and suprabasal layers of the cancerous epithelium, stromal fibroblasts, endothelial cells and lymphocytes in different tumor specimens. In log-rank analyses, CD73 expression in cancer cells associated with better survival both in NMIBC and MIBC, whereas CD73 positivity in stromal fibroblasts associated with impaired survival in NMIBC. In multivariable models, CD73 negative epithelial cells in both BC types and CD73 negative endothelial cells in MIBC were independent factors predicting poor outcome. We conclude that in contrast to many other cancer types, high CD73 expression in BC predicts favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit K Koivisto
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Tervahartiala
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - István Kenessey
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter J Boström
- Department of Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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19
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Alcedo KP, Guerrero A, Basrur V, Fu D, Richardson ML, McLane JS, Tsou C, Nesvizhskii AI, Welling TH, Lebrilla CB, Otey CA, Kim HJ, Omary MB, Snider NT. Tumor-Selective Altered Glycosylation and Functional Attenuation of CD73 in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:1400-1414. [PMID: 31592495 PMCID: PMC6771166 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CD73, a cell-surface N-linked glycoprotein that produces extracellular adenosine, is a novel target for cancer immunotherapy. Although anti-CD73 antibodies have entered clinical development, CD73 has both protumor and antitumor functions, depending on the target cell and tumor type. The aim of this study was to characterize CD73 regulation in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined CD73 expression, localization, and activity using molecular, biochemical, and cellular analyses on primary HCC surgical specimens, coupled with mechanistic studies in HCC cells. We analyzed CD73 glycan signatures and global alterations in transcripts encoding other N-linked glycoproteins by using mass spectrometry glycomics and RNA sequencing (RNAseq), respectively. CD73 was expressed on tumor hepatocytes where it exhibited abnormal N-linked glycosylation, independent of HCC etiology, tumor stage, or fibrosis presence. Aberrant glycosylation of tumor-associated CD73 resulted in a 3-fold decrease in 5'-nucleotidase activity (P < 0.0001). Biochemically, tumor-associated CD73 was deficient in hybrid and complex glycans specifically on residues N311 and N333 located in the C-terminal catalytic domain. Blocking N311/N333 glycosylation by site-directed mutagenesis produced CD73 with significantly decreased 5'-nucleotidase activity in vitro, similar to the primary tumors. Glycosylation-deficient CD73 partially colocalized with the Golgi structural protein GM130, which was strongly induced in HCC tumors. RNAseq analysis further revealed that N-linked glycoprotein-encoding genes represented the largest category of differentially expressed genes between HCC tumor and adjacent tissue. Conclusion: We provide the first detailed characterization of CD73 glycosylation in normal and tumor tissue, revealing a novel mechanism that leads to the functional suppression of CD73 in human HCC tumor cells. The present findings have translational implications for therapeutic candidate antibodies targeting cell-surface CD73 in solid tumors and small-molecule adenosine receptor agonists that are in clinical development for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel P. Alcedo
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Andres Guerrero
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California DavisDavisCA
| | | | - Dong Fu
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Monea L. Richardson
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Joshua S. McLane
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Chih‐Chiang Tsou
- Department of Computational Medicine and BioinformaticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Alexey I. Nesvizhskii
- Department of PathologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
- Department of Computational Medicine and BioinformaticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
| | - Theodore H. Welling
- Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of SurgeryNew York University Langone HealthNew YorkNY
| | | | - Carol A. Otey
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - Hong Jin Kim
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
- Department of MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology & MedicineRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ
- Rutgers Biomedical Health SciencesNewarkNJ
| | - Natasha T. Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC
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20
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Chambers AM, Matosevic S. Immunometabolic Dysfunction of Natural Killer Cells Mediated by the Hypoxia-CD73 Axis in Solid Tumors. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:60. [PMID: 31396523 PMCID: PMC6668567 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cell infiltration into solid tumors is often low and is largely represented by the poorly-cytotoxic CD56bright subset. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CD73, overexpressed under conditions of hypoxia, is involved in a variety of physiological processes, while its overexpression has been correlated with tumor invasiveness, metastasis and poorer patient survival in many cancers. Hypoxia itself favors aggressive glycolytic fueling of cancer cells, in turn driving reprogramming of NK cell metabolism. In addition, the hypoxia-driven activity of CD73 immunometabolically impairs NK cells in tumors, due to its catalytic role in the generation of the highly immunosuppressive metabolite adenosine. Adenosinergic signaling was shown to alter NK cell metabolic programs, leading to tumor-promoting environments characterized by NK cell dysfunction. Despite the demonstrated role of NK cell responses in the context of CD73 targeting, the engagement of NK cells in the setting of hypoxia/CD73 signaling has not been extensively studied or exploited. Here, we discuss available evidence on the role of hypoxic signaling on CD73-mediated activity, and how this relates to the immunometabolic responses of NK cells, with a particular focus on the therapeutic targeting of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Chambers
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sandro Matosevic
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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21
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Kong Y, Jia B, Zhao C, Claxton DF, Sharma A, Annageldiyev C, Fotos JS, Zeng H, Paulson RF, Prabhu KS, Zheng H. Downregulation of CD73 associates with T cell exhaustion in AML patients. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:40. [PMID: 31014364 PMCID: PMC6480867 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0728-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Successful treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains challenging. Inhibiting immune checkpoint to enhance anti-tumor response is an attractive strategy for effective leukemia therapeutics. CD73 is a recently recognized immune checkpoint mediator that is highly expressed on tumor cells and stromal cells in tumor microenvironment. The ectonucleotidase activity of CD73 catalyzes AMP to adenosine, which subsequently inhibits anti-tumor immune responses. In this study, we aim to explore the effect of CD73 in AML. Methods Peripheral blood samples collected from patients with newly diagnosed AML (n = 27) were used in this study. CD73 expression on each immune cell component was examined by flow cytometry. Phenotypic study of CD73-expressing T cells and analysis of the correlation between CD73 and other immune checkpoints were performed using flow cytometry-based assays. Functional status of CD73+ vs. CD73− T cells was assessed in an in vitro cytokine release assay upon CD3/CD28 antibody stimulation. Results In contrast to the long recognized immune suppressive effect of CD73-adenosine signaling in tumor tissue, we made a striking observation that in AML, CD73 expression on CD8 T cells associates with an increased immune response. CD73+ CD8 T cells are more functional, whereas CD73− CD8 T cells exhibit features of exhaustion manifested by high expression of inhibitory receptors such as PD-1 and TIGIT, increased intracellular expression of Eomes, reduced capacity of cytokine production, and high susceptibility to apoptosis. Conclusions Our data highlight the potential of CD73 as a double-edged sword in anti-leukemia immunity and argue strongly for the combinational treatment by adding immune checkpoint inhibitors to the CD73-targeting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Kong
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Jia
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - David F Claxton
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Arati Sharma
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Charyguly Annageldiyev
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Joseph S Fotos
- Department of Radiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Hui Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Robert F Paulson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University College of Agricultural Sciences, University Park, Harrisburg, PA, 16802, USA
| | - K Sandeep Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Penn State University College of Agricultural Sciences, University Park, Harrisburg, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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22
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Leone RD, Emens LA. Targeting adenosine for cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:57. [PMID: 29914571 PMCID: PMC6006764 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint antagonists (CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1) and CAR T-cell therapies generate unparalleled durable responses in several cancers and have firmly established immunotherapy as a new pillar of cancer therapy. To extend the impact of immunotherapy to more patients and a broader range of cancers, targeting additional mechanisms of tumor immune evasion will be critical. Adenosine signaling has emerged as a key metabolic pathway that regulates tumor immunity. Adenosine is an immunosuppressive metabolite produced at high levels within the tumor microenvironment. Hypoxia, high cell turnover, and expression of CD39 and CD73 are important factors in adenosine production. Adenosine signaling through the A2a receptor expressed on immune cells potently dampens immune responses in inflamed tissues. In this article, we will describe the role of adenosine signaling in regulating tumor immunity, highlighting potential therapeutic targets in the pathway. We will also review preclinical data for each target and provide an update of current clinical activity within the field. Together, current data suggest that rational combination immunotherapy strategies that incorporate inhibitors of the hypoxia-CD39-CD73-A2aR pathway have great promise for further improving clinical outcomes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Leone
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Leisha A Emens
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. .,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Room 409, Cancer Research Building 1, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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23
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Allard D, Chrobak P, Allard B, Messaoudi N, Stagg J. Targeting the CD73-adenosine axis in immuno-oncology. Immunol Lett 2018; 205:31-39. [PMID: 29758241 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 are cell surface enzymes that catabolize the breakdown of extracellular ATP into adenosine. As such, they constitute critical components of the extracellular purinergic pathway and play important roles in maintaining tissue and immune homeostasis. With the coming of age of cancer immunotherapy, ectonucleotidases and adenosine receptors have emerged as novel therapeutic targets to enhance antitumor immune responses. With early-phase clinical trials showing promising results, it is becoming increasingly important to decipher the distinct mechanisms-of-action of adenosine-targeting agents, identify patients that will benefit from these agents and rationally develop novel synergistic combinations. Given the broad expression of ectonucleotidases and adenosine receptors, a better understanding of cell-specific roles will also be key for successful implementation of this new generation of immuno-oncology therapeutics. We here review the latest studies on the roles of CD73 and adenosine in cancer with a focus on cell-specific function. We also discuss ongoing clinical trials and future avenues for adenosine-targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre, Hospitalier l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pavel Chrobak
- Centre de Recherche du Centre, Hospitalier l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bertrand Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre, Hospitalier l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nouredin Messaoudi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre, Hospitalier l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre, Hospitalier l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Jiang T, Xu X, Qiao M, Li X, Zhao C, Zhou F, Gao G, Wu F, Chen X, Su C, Ren S, Zhai C, Zhou C. Comprehensive evaluation of NT5E/CD73 expression and its prognostic significance in distinct types of cancers. BMC Cancer 2018. [PMID: 29514610 PMCID: PMC5842577 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CD73 is one of the critical component in the formation of immunosuppressive microenvironment in cancers. We aimed to provide an overview of the current status of CD73 expression and its relationship with clinicopathlogical features and prognosis in different cancers. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane library were searched to identify the relevant studies. CD73 expression level in distinct cancers and its relationship with clinicopathlogical characteristics and prognosis were investigated using online database. Meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan v5.0 and STATA v12.0. Results Fourteen publications with 2951 cases were included. The incidence of high CD73 expression was 0.50 (95% CI: 0.36–0.63). Data from Oncomine validated that median CD73 expression level in tumor tissues was markedly higher than that in normal tissues in most kinds of cancers except cecum adenocarcinoma and ovarian cancer (P < 0.05). High CD73 expression was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) in various cancers (high risk [HR] = 1.48; P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis using online database demonstrated that high CD73 expression was significantly correlated with poor OS in breast (HR = 1.23; P < 0.05) and ovarian cancer (HR = 1.14; P < 0.05), but favorable OS in lung (HR = 0.80; P < 0.05) and gastric cancer (HR = 0.71; P < 0.05). High CD73 expression was dramatically associated with lymph node metastases (OR = 2.61; P = 0.05). Conclusion High CD73 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastases and a promising prognostic factor in different types of cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4073-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Qiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Lung Cancer and Immunology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengying Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxiang Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyun Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, 224001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507, Zheng Min Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Dietrich F, Figueiró F, Filippi-Chiela EC, Cappellari AR, Rockenbach L, Tremblay A, de Paula PB, Roesler R, Filho AB, Sévigny J, Morrone FB, Battastini AMO. Ecto-5′-nucleotidase/CD73 contributes to the radiosensitivity of T24 human bladder cancer cell line. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:469-482. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Abstract
Despite the success of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), anti-PD1 ligand 1 (PDL1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) therapies in advanced cancer, a considerable proportion of patients remain unresponsive to these treatments (known as innate resistance). In addition, one-third of patients relapse after initial response (known as adaptive resistance), which suggests that multiple non-redundant immunosuppressive mechanisms coexist within the tumour microenvironment. A major immunosuppressive mechanism is the adenosinergic pathway, which now represents an attractive new therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Activation of this pathway occurs within hypoxic tumours, where extracellular adenosine exerts local suppression through tumour-intrinsic and host-mediated mechanisms. Preclinical studies in mice with adenosine receptor antagonists and antibodies have reported favourable antitumour immune responses with some definition of the mechanism of action. Currently, agents targeting the adenosinergic pathway are undergoing first-in-human clinical trials as single agents and in combination with anti-PD1 or anti-PDL1 therapies. In this Review, we describe the complex interplay of adenosine and adenosine receptors in the development of primary tumours and metastases and discuss the merits of targeting one or more components that compose the adenosinergic pathway. We also review the early clinical data relating to therapeutic agents inhibiting the adenosinergic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Vijayan
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arabella Young
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Michele W L Teng
- Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006, Queensland, Australia
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29
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Burnstock G. Purinergic Signalling: Therapeutic Developments. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:661. [PMID: 28993732 PMCID: PMC5622197 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signalling, i.e., the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when receptor subtypes for purines and pyrimidines were cloned and characterised, which includes four subtypes of the P1 (adenosine) receptor, seven subtypes of P2X ion channel receptors and 8 subtypes of the P2Y G protein-coupled receptor. Early studies were largely concerned with the physiology, pharmacology and biochemistry of purinergic signalling. More recently, the focus has been on the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential. There was early recognition of the use of P1 receptor agonists for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and A2A receptor antagonists are promising for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Clopidogrel, a P2Y12 antagonist, is widely used for the treatment of thrombosis and stroke, blocking P2Y12 receptor-mediated platelet aggregation. Diquafosol, a long acting P2Y2 receptor agonist, is being used for the treatment of dry eye. P2X3 receptor antagonists have been developed that are orally bioavailable and stable in vivo and are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of chronic cough, bladder incontinence, visceral pain and hypertension. Antagonists to P2X7 receptors are being investigated for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Other investigations are in progress for the use of purinergic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis, myocardial infarction, irritable bowel syndrome, epilepsy, atherosclerosis, depression, autism, diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical SchoolLondon, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, MelbourneVIC, Australia
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30
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Wang R, Zhang Y, Lin X, Gao Y, Zhu Y. Prognositic value of CD73-adenosinergic pathway in solid tumor: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57327-57336. [PMID: 28915673 PMCID: PMC5593644 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CD73 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored cell surface protein that is encoded by NT5E gene, plays multiple roles in tumor processes. Previous studies have presented a potential value of CD73 served as a detectable biomarker for prognosis of several solid tumors, but the results were more controversially. A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted to precisely evaluate the prognostic role of CD73 in solid tumors. The included studies were searched in PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO from Jan 1990 to Jan 2016. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS) were carried out using a fixed or random effects model. Totally, 13 studies about 12,533 patients were included. CD73-high expression was correlating with poor OS (pooled HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.19-1.37). In addition, CD73 expression had borderline association with worse DFS (pooled HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.01-1.62). Egger's tests indicated that there was no evidence of significant publication bias. CD73 is an efficient prognostic biomarker in solid tumors, and over-expression of CD73 is associated with inverse OS or DFS. But this predictive value and target therapy for clinical practice yet needs advanced research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yalin Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Bowser JL, Broaddus RR. CD73s protection of epithelial integrity: Thinking beyond the barrier. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4:e1224963. [PMID: 28123924 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2016.1224963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevailing view of CD73 in cancer is that it is overexpressed in tumors and promotes cancer progression by dampening local T cell-mediated immune responses. We recently found that CD73 is down-regulated in poorly-differentiated and advanced stage endometrial carcinoma compared to normal endometrium and well-differentiated, early stage tumors. We revealed that CD73-generated adenosine induces a physiological response to protect epithelial integrity in well-differentiated, early stage endometrial carcinoma. The ability of CD73-generated adenosine to protect the barrier is not so different from its ability to induce immunosuppression and other physiological responses in cancerous tissues. In this commentary we examine the complexity of CD73 in cancer and suggest that a "one size fits all" approach to the role of CD73/adenosine in cancer is no longer warranted. Given that tumors often hijack normal cellular responses, we also provide consideration on how CD73s known role to protect barrier function may have implications in promoting tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Bowser
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Russell R Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
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Allard D, Allard B, Gaudreau PO, Chrobak P, Stagg J. CD73-adenosine: a next-generation target in immuno-oncology. Immunotherapy 2016; 8:145-63. [PMID: 26808918 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has entered in a new era with the development of first-generation immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways. In this context, considerable research effort is being deployed to find the next generation of cancer immunotherapeutics. The CD73-adenosine axis constitutes one of the most promising pathways in immuno-oncology. We and others have demonstrated the immunosuppressive role of CD73-adenosine in cancer and established proof-of-concept that the targeted blockade of CD73 or adenosine receptors could effectively promote anti-tumor immunity and enhance the activity of first-generation immune checkpoint blockers. With Phase I clinical trials now underway evaluating anti-CD73 or anti-A2A therapies in cancer patients, we here discuss the fundamental, preclinical and clinical findings related to the role of the CD73-adenosinergic pathway in tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pavel Chrobak
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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