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Karatsai O, Lehka L, Wojton D, Grabowska AI, Duda MK, Lenartowski R, Redowicz MJ. Unconventional myosin VI in the heart: Involvement in cardiac dysfunction progressing with age. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166748. [PMID: 37169038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cardiovascular disease, which is characterized by structural and functional myocardial abnormalities. It is caused predominantly by autosomal dominant mutations, mainly in genes encoding cardiac sarcomeric proteins, resulting in diverse phenotypical patterns and a heterogenic clinical course. Unconventional myosin VI (MVI) is one of the proteins important for heart function, as it was shown that a point mutation within MYO6 is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Previously, we showed that MVI is expressed in the cardiac muscle, where it localizes to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and intercalated discs. Here, we addressed the mechanisms of its involvement in cardiac dysfunction in Snell's waltzer mice (natural MVI knockouts) during heart development. We showed that heart enlargement was already seen in the E14.5 embryos and newborn animals (P0), and was maintained throughout the examined lifespan (up to 12 months). The higher levels of MVI were observed in the hearts of E14.5 embryos and P0 of control heterozygous mice. A search for the mechanisms behind the observed phenotype revealed several changes, accumulation of which resulted in age-progressing heart dysfunction. The main changes that mostly contribute to this functional impairment are the increase in cardiomyocyte proliferation in newborns, disorganization of intercalated discs, and overexpression of SERCA2 in hearts isolated from 12-month-old mice, indicative of functional alterations of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Also, possible aberrations in the heart vascularization, observed in 12-month-old animals could be additional factors responsible for MVI-associated heart dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Karatsai
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Lilya Lehka
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Wojton
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Izabela Grabowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Katarzyna Duda
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 99/103 Marymoncka St., 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Robert Lenartowski
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, The Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 1 Lwowska St., 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Maria Jolanta Redowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Pirkmajer S, Garcia-Roves PM, Rustan AC, Chibalin AV. Editorial: Untangling energy metabolism in skeletal muscle: From physiology to pharmacology. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1113860. [PMID: 36589423 PMCID: PMC9795843 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1113860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Pirkmajer
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,*Correspondence: Sergej Pirkmajer,
| | - Pablo M. Garcia-Roves
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arild C. Rustan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander V. Chibalin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
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Lehka L, Wojton D, Topolewska M, Chumak V, Majewski Ł, Rędowicz MJ. Loss of Unconventional Myosin VI Affects cAMP/PKA Signaling in Hindlimb Skeletal Muscle in an Age-Dependent Manner. Front Physiol 2022; 13:933963. [PMID: 35837016 PMCID: PMC9273875 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.933963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin VI (MVI) is a unique unconventional myosin ubiquitously expressed in metazoans. Its diverse cellular functions are mediated by interactions with a number of binding partners present in multi-protein complexes. MVI is proposed to play important roles in muscle function and myogenesis. Previously, we showed that MVI is present in striated muscles and myogenic cells, and MVI interacts with A-kinase anchoring protein 9 (AKAP9), a scaffold for PKA and its regulatory proteins. Since PKA directly phosphorylates the MVI cargo binding domain, we hypothesized that the cellular effects of MVI are mediated by the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, known to play important roles in skeletal muscle metabolism and myogenesis. To elucidate the potential role of MVI in PKA signaling in hindlimb muscle function, we used mice lacking MVI (Snell’s waltzer, SV), considered as natural MVI knockouts, and heterozygous littermates. We used muscles isolated from newborn (P0) as well as 3- and 12-month-old adult mice. We observed a significant increase in the muscle to body mass ratio, which was most evident for the soleus muscle, as well as changes in fiber size, indicating alterations in muscle metabolism. These observations were accompanied by age-dependent changes in the activity of PKA and cAMP/PKA-dependent transcriptional factor (CREB). Additionally, the levels of adenylate cyclase isoforms and phosphodiesterase (PDE4) were age-dependent. Also, cAMP levels were decreased in the muscle of P0 mice. Together, these observations indicate that lack of MVI impairs PKA signaling and results in the observed alterations in the SV muscle metabolism, in particular in newborn mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilya Lehka
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Wojton
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Topolewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vira Chumak
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Majewski
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Jolanta Rędowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Maria Jolanta Rędowicz,
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Zakrzewski P, Lenartowska M, Buss F. Diverse functions of myosin VI in spermiogenesis. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:323-340. [PMID: 33386429 PMCID: PMC8021524 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spermiogenesis is the final stage of spermatogenesis, a differentiation process during which unpolarized spermatids undergo excessive remodeling that results in the formation of sperm. The actin cytoskeleton and associated actin-binding proteins play crucial roles during this process regulating organelle or vesicle delivery/segregation and forming unique testicular structures involved in spermatid remodeling. In addition, several myosin motor proteins including MYO6 generate force and movement during sperm differentiation. MYO6 is highly unusual as it moves towards the minus end of actin filaments in the opposite direction to other myosin motors. This specialized feature of MYO6 may explain the many proposed functions of this myosin in a wide array of cellular processes in animal cells, including endocytosis, secretion, stabilization of the Golgi complex, and regulation of actin dynamics. These diverse roles of MYO6 are mediated by a range of specialized cargo-adaptor proteins that link this myosin to distinct cellular compartments and processes. During sperm development in a number of different organisms, MYO6 carries out pivotal functions. In Drosophila, the MYO6 ortholog regulates actin reorganization during spermatid individualization and male KO flies are sterile. In C. elegans, the MYO6 ortholog mediates asymmetric segregation of cytosolic material and spermatid budding through cytokinesis, whereas in mice, this myosin regulates assembly of highly specialized actin-rich structures and formation of membrane compartments to allow the formation of fully differentiated sperm. In this review, we will present an overview and compare the diverse function of MYO6 in the specialized adaptations of spermiogenesis in flies, worms, and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Zakrzewski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Torun, Poland.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Marta Lenartowska
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Torun, Poland.,Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Torun, Poland
| | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, The Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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Formation of Aberrant Myotubes by Myoblasts Lacking Myosin VI Is Associated with Alterations in the Cytoskeleton Organization, Myoblast Adhesion and Fusion. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071673. [PMID: 32664530 PMCID: PMC7408620 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously postulated that unconventional myosin VI (MVI) could be involved in myoblast differentiation. Here, we addressed the mechanism(s) of its involvement using primary myoblast culture derived from the hindlimb muscles of Snell’s waltzer mice, the natural MVI knockouts (MVI-KO). We observed that MVI-KO myotubes were formed faster than control heterozygous myoblasts (MVI-WT), with a three-fold increase in the number of myosac-like myotubes with centrally positioned nuclei. There were also changes in the levels of the myogenic transcription factors Pax7, MyoD and myogenin. This was accompanied by changes in the actin cytoskeleton and adhesive structure organization. We observed significant decreases in the levels of proteins involved in focal contact formation, such as talin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Interestingly, the levels of proteins involved in intercellular communication, M-cadherin and drebrin, were also affected. Furthermore, time-dependent alterations in the levels of the key proteins for myoblast membrane fusion, myomaker and myomerger, without effect on their cellular localization, were observed. Our data indicate that in the absence of MVI, the mechanisms controlling cytoskeleton organization, as well as myoblast adhesion and fusion, are dysregulated, leading to the formation of aberrant myotubes.
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O'Loughlin T, Kendrick-Jones J, Buss F. Approaches to Identify and Characterise MYO6-Cargo Interactions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1239:355-380. [PMID: 32451866 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38062-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the prevalence and importance of the actin cytoskeleton and the host of associated myosin motors, it comes as no surprise to find that they are linked to a plethora of cellular functions and pathologies. Although our understanding of the biophysical properties of myosin motors has been aided by the high levels of conservation in their motor domains and the extensive work on myosin in skeletal muscle contraction, our understanding of how the nonmuscle myosins participate in such a wide variety of cellular processes is less clear. It is now well established that the highly variable myosin tails are responsible for targeting these myosins to distinct cellular sites for specific functions, and although a number of adaptor proteins have been identified, our current understanding of the cellular processes involved is rather limited. Furthermore, as more adaptor proteins, cargoes and complexes are identified, the importance of elucidating the regulatory mechanisms involved is essential. Ca2+, and now phosphorylation and ubiquitination, are emerging as important regulators of cargo binding, and it is likely that other post-translational modifications are also involved. In the case of myosin VI (MYO6), a number of immediate binding partners have been identified using traditional approaches such as yeast two-hybrid screens and affinity-based pull-downs. However, these methods have only been successful in identifying the cargo adaptors, but not the cargoes themselves, which may often comprise multi-protein complexes. Furthermore, motor-adaptor-cargo interactions are dynamic by nature and often weak, transient and highly regulated and therefore difficult to capture using traditional affinity-based methods. In this chapter we will discuss the various approaches including functional proteomics that have been used to uncover and characterise novel MYO6-associated proteins and complexes and how this work contributes to a fuller understanding of the targeting and function(s) of this unique myosin motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O'Loughlin
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge, UK.
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de Jonge JJ, Batters C, O'Loughlin T, Arden SD, Buss F. The MYO6 interactome: selective motor-cargo complexes for diverse cellular processes. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:1494-1507. [PMID: 31206648 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myosins of class VI (MYO6) are unique actin-based motor proteins that move cargo towards the minus ends of actin filaments. As the sole myosin with this directionality, it is critically important in a number of biological processes. Indeed, loss or overexpression of MYO6 in humans is linked to a variety of pathologies including deafness, cardiomyopathy, neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer. This myosin interacts with a wide variety of direct binding partners such as for example the selective autophagy receptors optineurin, TAX1BP1 and NDP52 and also Dab2, GIPC, TOM1 and LMTK2, which mediate distinct functions of different MYO6 isoforms along the endocytic pathway. Functional proteomics has recently been used to identify the wider MYO6 interactome including several large functionally distinct multi-protein complexes, which highlight the importance of this myosin in regulating the actin and septin cytoskeleton. Interestingly, adaptor-binding not only triggers cargo attachment, but also controls the inactive folded conformation and dimerisation of MYO6. Thus, the C-terminal tail domain mediates cargo recognition and binding, but is also crucial for modulating motor activity and regulating cytoskeletal track dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas O'Loughlin
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan D Arden
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Folma Buss
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
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Sobczak M, Chumak V, Pomorski P, Wojtera E, Majewski Ł, Nowak J, Yamauchi J, Rędowicz MJ. Interaction of myosin VI and its binding partner DOCK7 plays an important role in NGF-stimulated protrusion formation in PC12 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1589-600. [PMID: 27018747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
DOCK7 (dedicator of cytokinesis 7) is a guanidine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rac1 GTPase that is involved in neuronal polarity and axon generation as well in Schwann cell differentiation and myelination. Recently, we identified DOCK7 as the binding partner of unconventional myosin VI (MVI) in neuronal-lineage PC12 cells and postulated that this interaction could be important in vivo [Majewski et al. (2012) Biochem Cell Biol., 90:565-574]. Herein, we found that MVI-DOCK7 interaction takes also place in other cell lines and demonstrated that MVI cargo domain via its RRL motif binds to DOCK7 C-terminal M2 and DHR2 domains. In MVI knockdown cells, lower Rac1 activity and a decrease of DOCK7 phosphorylation on Tyr1118 were observed, indicating that MVI could contribute to DOCK7 activity. MVI and DOCK7 co-localization was maintained during NGF-stimulated PC12 cell differentiation and observed also in the outgrowths. Also, during differentiation an increase in phosphorylation of DOCK7 as well as of its downstream effector JNK kinase was detected. Interestingly, overexpression of GFP-tagged MVI cargo domain (GFP-GT) impaired protrusion formation indicating that full length protein is important for this process. Moreover, a transient increase in Rac activity observed at 5min of NGF-stimulated differentiation of PC12 cells (overexpressing either GFP or GFP-MVI) was not detected in cells overexpressing the cargo domain. These data indicate that MVI-DOCK7 interaction could have functional implications in the protrusion outgrowth, and full length MVI seems to be important for delivery and maintenance of DOCK7 along the protrusions, and exerting its GEF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sobczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vira Chumak
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14-16 Drahomanov St., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Paweł Pomorski
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Wojtera
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Majewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Nowak
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Jolanta Rędowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Involvement of unconventional myosin VI in myoblast function and myotube formation. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 144:21-38. [PMID: 25896210 PMCID: PMC4469105 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The important role of unconventional myosin VI (MVI) in skeletal and cardiac muscle has been recently postulated (Karolczak et al. in Histochem Cell Biol 139:873-885, 2013). Here, we addressed for the first time a role for this unique myosin motor in myogenic cells as well as during their differentiation into myotubes. During myoblast differentiation, the isoform expression pattern of MVI and its subcellular localization underwent changes. In undifferentiated myoblasts, MVI-stained puncti were seen throughout the cytoplasm and were in close proximity to actin filaments, Golgi apparatus, vinculin-, and talin-rich focal adhesion as well as endoplasmic reticulum. Colocalization of MVI with endoplasmic reticulum was enhanced during myotube formation, and differentiation-dependent association was also seen in sarcoplasmic reticulum of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs). Moreover, we observed enrichment of MVI in myotube regions containing acetylcholine receptor-rich clusters, suggesting its involvement in the organization of the muscle postsynaptic machinery. Overexpression of the H246R MVI mutant (associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) in myoblasts and NRCs caused the formation of abnormally large intracellular vesicles. MVI knockdown caused changes in myoblast morphology and inhibition of their migration. On the subcellular level, MVI-depleted myoblasts exhibited aberrations in the organization of actin cytoskeleton and adhesive structures as well as in integrity of Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. Also, MVI depletion or overexpression of H246R mutant caused the formation of significantly wider or aberrant myotubes, respectively, indicative of involvement of MVI in myoblast differentiation. The presented results suggest an important role for MVI in myogenic cells and possibly in myoblast differentiation.
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