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Sarno L, Maruotti GM, Izzo A, Mazzaccara C, Carbone L, Esposito G, Di Cresce M, Saccone G, Sirico A, Genesio R, Mollo N, Martinelli P, Conti A, Zullo F, Frisso G. First trimester ultrasound features of X-linked Opitz syndrome and early molecular diagnosis: case report and review of the literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:3089-3093. [PMID: 31630581 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1677594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
X-linked Opitz G/BBB syndrome (XLOS) is a multiple congenital disorder inherited in an X-linked manner. XLOS may be suspected, in prenatal age, on the basis of sonographic findings in the second and/or third trimester of gestation. Pathogenetic variants in MID1 gene have been reported in individuals with XLOS. Prenatal genetic testing is offered for pregnancies at risk, in which the mutation in the family has been identified. To date no cases of prenatal diagnosis, based on first-trimester ultrasound data, have been reported. We present a case of a fetus at 12 gestational weeks with ultrasound multiple anomalies, including increased nuchal translucency, heart defects, cleft lip and palate, enlarged fourth ventricle absence of ductus venosus and family hystory of XLOS. The genetic prenatal test detected the c(0).1286-1G > T mutation of MID1 gene. Data about prenatal ultrasonographic findings consistent with XLOS are limited to second and third trimester. This is the first case reporting ultrasound detectable midline defects suggestive of XLOS as early as the first trimester of gestation. This case also suggests that when multiple anomalies are detected in a fetus with normal chromosomal structure, the possibility of a monogenic disorder must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sarno
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Maruotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Carbone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Esposito
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Di Cresce
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Saccone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Sirico
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Genesio
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzia Mollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Martinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvio Zullo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
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Fernandez N, Escobar R, Zarante I. Craniofacial anomalies associated with hypospadias. Description of a hospital based population in South America. Int Braz J Urol 2017; 42:793-7. [PMID: 27564292 PMCID: PMC5006777 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2015.0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hypospadias is a congenital abnormality of the penis, in which there is incomplete development of the distal urethra. There are numerous reports showing an increase of prevalence of hypospadias. Association of craniofacial malformations in patients diagnosed with hypospadias is rare. The aim of this study is to describe the association between hypospadias and craniofacial congenital anomalies. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of the Latin-American collaborative study of congenital malformations (ECLAMC) data was performed between January 1982 and December 2011. We included children diagnosed with associated hypospadias and among them we selected those that were associated with any craniofacial congenital anomaly. Results: Global prevalence was 11.3 per 10.000 newborns. In this population a total of 809 patients with 1117 associated anomalies were identified. On average there were 1.7 anomalies per patient. Facial anomalies were present in 13.2%. The most commonly major facial anomaly associated to hypospadias was cleft lip/palate with 52 cases. We identified that 18% have an association with other anomalies, and found an association between craniofacial anomalies and hypospadias in 0.59 cases/10.000 newborns. Discussion: Hypospadias is the most common congenital anomaly affecting the genitals. Its association with other anomalies is rare. It has been reported that other malformations occur in 29.3% of the cases with hypospadias. The more proximal the meatus, the higher the risk for having another associated anomaly. Conclusion: Associated hypospadias are rare, and it is important to identify the concurrent occurrence of craniofacial anomalies to better treat patients that might need a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fernandez
- Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Pontificia Universidad Javeriana - Urología - Genética Bogota, Colombia
| | - Rebeca Escobar
- Universidad del Rosario - Epidemiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ignacio Zarante
- Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Pontificia Universidad Javeriana - Genética, Bogotá, Colombia
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