1
|
Schwambach KH, Blatt CR. Effectiveness and potential drug interactions in antiviral therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: real-life data from a specialized center in southern Brazil. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-9790201900041874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
2
|
Schwambach KH, Farias MR, Neto GB, Blatt CR. Cost and Effectiveness of the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C in Brazil: Real-World Data. Value Health Reg Issues 2020; 23:49-54. [PMID: 32702649 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To introduce and discuss the cost and effectiveness of using sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and simeprevir antivirals, in combination or not with peginterferon alfa and ribavirin, for the treatment of hepatitis C, as based on real-world data. METHODS We analyzed the treatment and outcomes of 253 patients from a retrospective cohort held in a specialized assistance service in the municipality of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Regarding costs, we considered only the direct costs of the antiviral medications per unit (pills), according to the financial receipts of the public procurements. We calculated the total cost of treatment per individual and the cost per cure expressed in sustained virologic response (SVR). RESULTS Most patients (66.8%) were carriers of the genotype 1 of hepatitis, and 92.9% reached the SVR. The average cost of the treatment for genotype-1 patients was $5,862.31 USD per patient and $6,310.34 for the cure; for genotype-3 patients, on the other hand, the cost was $5,144.27 per patient and $5,974.76 for the cure. The drugs purchasing cost was around 40% less than was estimated for the process of incorporating them into the public health system. CONCLUSION The results indicated that good rates of effectiveness were achieved with different combinations of the medicines. The costs of the medicines were still deemed too high for the Brazilian reality, however. Therefore the results contribute to support the formulation and review of public policies based on strong evidence and on real-world data for the treatment of hepatitis C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hepp Schwambach
- Graduate Program in Medicine Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Mareni Rocha Farias
- Graduate Program of Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Carine Raquel Blatt
- Graduate Program in Medicine Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Borba HHL, Rochau U, Wiens A, Sroczynski G, Siebert U, Ferreira VL, Minowa E, Pontarolo R. Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Triple Therapy With Telaprevir and Boceprevir for Chronic Hepatitis C: A Decision Analysis From the Brazilian Public Health System Perspective. Value Health Reg Issues 2019; 20:95-102. [PMID: 31108456 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Because of the lack of evidence regarding long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of first-generation direct-acting antivirals for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treatment in Brazil, we performed a cost-utility analysis comparing standard dual therapy (peginterferon plus ribavirin [pegIFN/RBV]), boceprevir, and telaprevir for CHC patients. METHODS We developed a state-transition Markov model simulating the progression of CHC. Long-term outcomes included remaining life expectancy in life-years (LYs), quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Short-term outcomes included sustained virological response rates (SVR). Direct medical costs were obtained from Brazilian databases. A lifelong time horizon was considered and a 5% annual discount rate was applied for costs and clinical outcomes. A willingness-to-pay threshold of approximately $20 000 per QALY was used. We performed multiple sensitivity analyses. RESULTS For short- and long-term scenarios, therapy with boceprevir was dominated by telaprevir, which was more effective than standard dual therapy (75.0% vs 40.4% SVR rate, 13.47 vs 12.59 LYs, and 9.74 vs 8.49 QALYs, respectively) and was also more expensive ($15 742 vs $5413). The corresponding ICERs were $29 854/SVR, $11 803/LY, and $8277/QALY. Based on our model, triple therapy with telaprevir was the most cost-effective treatment for the Brazilian health system. Despite a lack of data regarding the Brazilian population, we incorporated as many applicable parameters as possible. CONCLUSIONS Telaprevir is more effective and cost-effective than boceprevir. Our model may be applied for other settings with a few adjustments in the input parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena H L Borba
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ursula Rochau
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Astrid Wiens
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gaby Sroczynski
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Uwe Siebert
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria; Division of Health Technology Assessment, ONCOTYROL-Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria; Center for Health Decision Science, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Institute for Technology Assessment and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Eimy Minowa
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pessoa MG, Ramalho-Madruga JV, Alves K, Nunes EP, Cheinquer H, Brandão-Mello CE, Mendes-Correa MC, Ferraz ML, Ferreira PRA, Álvares-da-Silva MR, Coelho HS, Affonso-de-Araújo ES, Furtado J, Parana R, Silva G, Lari SA, Liu L, Tripathi R, Pilot-Matias T, Cohen DE, Shulman NS, Martinelli A. Efficacy and Safety of Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir ± Ribavirin for HCV in Brazilian Adults with Advanced Fibrosis. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:959-968. [PMID: 30600291 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Approximately 650,000 people in Brazil have chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of ombitasvir (OBV)/paritaprevir (PTV)/ritonavir (r) plus dasabuvir (DSV) with/without ribavirin (RBV) in an openlabel multicenter phase 3b trial in treatment-naive or interferon (IFN) treatment-experienced Brazilian patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis (METAVIR F3/4) and HCV genotype (GT) 1 infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS All patients received coformulated OBV/PTV/r daily + DSV twice daily (3-DAA). GT1a-infected patients received 3-DAA plus RBV for 12 weeks, except for prior pegIFN/RBV nonresponders with cirrhosis who were treated for 24 weeks. GT1b-infected patients received 3-DAA alone (F3) or in combination with RBV (F4) for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response (HCV RNA < 15 IU/mL) at post-treatment Week 12 (SVR12). RESULTS The study enrolled 222 patients, 214 achieved an SVR12 (96.4%; 95% CI, 93.1-98.2%), one GT1a-infected patient experienced virologic breakthrough, six (5 GT1a) relapsed, and one was lost to follow-up. SVR12 was achieved in 111/ 112 (99.1%) GT1b-infected patients, including 42/43 (97.7%) noncirrhotic, and 69/69 (100%) cirrhotic patients; and in 103/110 (93.6%) GT1a-infected patients, including 44/46 (95.7%) noncirrhotic and 59/64 (92.2%) cirrhotic patients. Overall there was a low rate of serious adverse events (n = 6, 2.7%). One patient experienced a treatment-related serious adverse event and one patient discontinued treatment because of an adverse event. DISCUSSION The results confirm that the 3-DAA regimen with/without RBV is well tolerated and had a favorable safety profile and is efficacious in GT1-infected patients with advanced fibrosis (METAVIR F3/4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario G Pessoa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Katia Alves
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Hugo Cheinquer
- Universidade Federal de Rio Grande de Sul, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Brandão-Mello
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine & Surgery, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria C Mendes-Correa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, São Paulo University Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria L Ferraz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R A Ferreira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário R Álvares-da-Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences
| | - Henrique S Coelho
- Servicio de Hepatologia, Departamento de Clinica Medica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Evaldo S Affonso-de-Araújo
- University of São Paulo Hospital das Clínicas, Infectious Diseases Department-Hepatitis Unit, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raymundo Parana
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Ambulatório Magalhães Neto, HUPES-UFBA, Salvador-BA, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Silva
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Ambulatório Magalhães Neto, HUPES-UFBA, Salvador-BA, Brazil
| | - Sara A Lari
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Li Liu
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Perazzo H, Pacheco AG, Luz PM, Castro R, Hyde C, Fittipaldi J, Rigolon C, Cardoso SW, Grinsztejn B, Veloso VG. Age-standardized mortality rates related to viral hepatitis in Brazil. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:527. [PMID: 28760138 PMCID: PMC5537933 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2619-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver-related mortality has been increasing worldwide. We aimed to estimate the age-standardized mortality rates from viral hepatitis in Brazil. Methods The Brazilian National Death Registry was analyzed from 2008 to 2014. Viral hepatitis deaths were defined by the following ICD-10 codes in the death certificate: hepatitis A [B15.0; B15.9]; hepatitis B [B16.2; B16.9; B18.1]; hepatitis C [B17.1; B18.2]; hepatitis Delta [B16.0; B16.1; B18.0; B17.0] and other viral hepatitis [B17.2; B17.8; B18.8; B18.9; B19.0; B19.9]. Crude mortality rates were calculated by the ratio between total number of deaths and estimated population. Mortality rates were age-standardized by the direct method using the WHO standard population. Results Thirty four thousand ,nine hundred seventy eight deaths had viral hepatitis mentioned in their death certificate [65% male, aged 58 years, 73% associated with hepatitis C]. Age-standardized mortality rate (95% CI) due to viral hepatitis was 2.695 (2.667–2.724) deaths per 100,000 inhabitants: South region had the higher rates [3.997 (3.911–4.085)]. Mortality rates associated with hepatitis A and Delta were 0.032 (0.029–0.035) and 0.028 (0.025–0.031), respectively. Hepatitis C mortality rates were 4-fold higher than those associated with hepatitis B [1.964 (1.940–1.989) vs 0.500 (0.488–0.512)]. South region had the higher rates for hepatitis C [3.163 (3.087–3.241)] and North had the higher rates for hepatitis A [0.066 (0.049–0.087)], B [0.986 (0.918–1.058)] and Delta [0.220 (0.190–0.253)]. Conclusion Viral hepatitis remains a major public health issue in Brazil. Mortality rates were not homogeneous across the country, suggesting that health policies should be customized according to geographical location. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2619-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Perazzo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST e AIDS (LAPCLIN-AIDS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Antonio G Pacheco
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Programa de Computação Científica (PROCC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula M Luz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST e AIDS (LAPCLIN-AIDS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Castro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST e AIDS (LAPCLIN-AIDS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Chris Hyde
- Institute of Health Research, Peninsula Technology Assessment Group (PenTAG), Evidence Synthesis and Modelling for Health Improvement (ESMI), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, England, UK
| | - Juliana Fittipaldi
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST e AIDS (LAPCLIN-AIDS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rigolon
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST e AIDS (LAPCLIN-AIDS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra W Cardoso
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST e AIDS (LAPCLIN-AIDS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST e AIDS (LAPCLIN-AIDS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valdiléa G Veloso
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST e AIDS (LAPCLIN-AIDS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Paranaguá-Vezozzo DC, Andrade A, Mazo DFC, Nunes V, Guedes AL, Ragazzo TG, Moutinho R, Nacif LS, Ono SK, Alves VAF, Carrilho FJ. Concordance of non-invasive mechanical and serum tests for liver fibrosis evaluation in chronic hepatitis C. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:436-442. [PMID: 28357031 PMCID: PMC5355766 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i8.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the sensitivity and specificity of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and serum markers (SM) for liver fibrosis evaluation in chronic hepatitis C.
METHODS Between 2012 and 2014, 81 consecutive hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients had METAVIR score from liver biopsy compared with concurrent results from LSM [transient elastography (TE) [FibroScan®/ARFI technology (Virtual Touch®)] and SM [FIB-4/aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI)]. The diagnostic performance of these tests was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. The optimal cut-off levels of each test were chosen to define fibrosis stages F ≥ 2, F ≥ 3 and F = 4. The Kappa index set the concordance analysis.
RESULTS Fifty point six percent were female and the median age was 51 years (30-78). Fifty-six patients (70%) were treatment-naïve. The optimal cut-off values for predicting F ≥ 2 stage fibrosis assessed by TE were 6.6 kPa, for acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) 1.22 m/s, for APRI 0.75 and for FIB-4 1.47. For F ≥ 3 TE was 8.9 kPa, ARFI was 1.48 m/s, APRI was 0.75, and FIB-4 was 2. For F = 4, TE was 12.2 kPa, ARFI was 1.77 m/s, APRI was 1.46, and FIB-4 was 3.91. The APRI could not distinguish between F2 and F3, P = 0.92. The negative predictive value for F = 4 for TE and ARFI was 100%. Kappa index values for F ≥ 3 METAVIR score for TE, ARFI and FIB-4 were 0.687, 0.606 and 0.654, respectively. This demonstrates strong concordance between all three screening methods, and moderate to strong concordance between them and APRI (Kappa index = 0.507).
CONCLUSION Given the costs and accessibility of LSM methods, and the similarity with the outcomes of SM, we suggest that FIB-4 as well as TE and ARFI may be useful indicators of the degree of liver fibrosis. This is of particular importance to developing countries.
Collapse
|