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Mamonto L, Nelwan BJ, Sungowati NK, Miskad UA, Cangara MH, Zainuddin AA. Association of chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 4 expression with lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis of invasive breast cancer. Breast Dis 2023; 41:447-453. [PMID: 36617771 DOI: 10.3233/bd-229003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histological tumor grade influences the prognosis of breast cancer. In metastatic breast cancer, stromal cells produce chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 12 or stromal cell-derived factor-1 as a chemoattractant, which binds to chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) expressed by breast cancer cells. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the expression of CXCR4 in invasive breast cancer in relation to lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and lymph node metastasis. METHODS This observational study retrospectively investigated a paraffin block archived sample diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. The results of immunohistochemical staining with CXCR4 antibody and expression analysis were evaluated using light microscopy. The data were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test and presented in a table using SPSS version 18. P-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The expression of CXCR4 was significantly associated with the incidence of LVI and lymph node metastasis in invasive breast cancer (both p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results show that the expression of CXCR4 varies and support its decisive role in the incidence of LVI and lymph node metastasis in invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidya Mamonto
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Berti J Nelwan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ni Ketut Sungowati
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Upik A Miskad
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Muh Husni Cangara
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Andi Alfian Zainuddin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine Science, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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2
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Heft Neal ME, Gensterblum-Miller E, Bhangale AD, Kulkarni A, Zhai J, Smith J, Brummel C, Foltin SK, Thomas D, Jiang H, McHugh JB, Brenner JC. Integrative sequencing discovers an ATF1-motif enriched molecular signature that differentiates hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma from mucoepidemoid carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2021; 117:105270. [PMID: 33827033 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salivary gland tumors are comprised of a diverse group of malignancies with widely varying prognoses. These cancers can be difficult to differentiate, especially in cases with limited potential for immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based characterization. Here, we sought to define the molecular profile of a rare salivary gland cancer called hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC), and identify a molecular gene signature capable of distinguishing between HCCC and the histopathologically similar disease, mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed the first integrated full characterization of five independent HCCC cases. RESULTS We discovered insulin-like growth factor alterations and aberrant IGF2 and/or IGF1R expression in HCCC tumors, suggesting a potential dependence on this pathway. Further, we identified a 354 gene signature that differentiated HCCC from MEC, and was significantly enriched for genes with an ATF1 binding motif in their promoters, supporting a transcriptional pathogenic mechanism of the characteristic EWSR1-ATF1 fusion found in these tumors. Of the differentially expressed genes, IGF1R, SGK1 and SGK3 were found to be elevated in the HCCCs relative to MECs. Finally, analysis of immune checkpoints and subsequent IHC demonstrated that CXCR4 protein was elevated in several of the HCCC cases. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data identify an ATF1-motif enriched gene signature that may have clinical utility for molecular differentiation of HCCCs from other salivary gland tumors and discover potential actionable alterations that may benefit the clinical care of recurrent HCCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Heft Neal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - E Gensterblum-Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - A D Bhangale
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - A Kulkarni
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J Zhai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - C Brummel
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - S K Foltin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - D Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - H Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J B McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J C Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Matossian MD, Elliott S, Rhodes LV, Martin EC, Hoang VT, Burks HE, Zuercher WJ, Drewry DH, Collins-Burow BM, Burow ME. Application of a small molecule inhibitor screen approach to identify CXCR4 downstream signaling pathways that promote a mesenchymal and fulvestrant-resistant phenotype in breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:380. [PMID: 33777204 PMCID: PMC7988660 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) have well-characterized functions in cancer metastasis; however, the specific mechanisms through which CXCR4 promotes a metastatic and drug-resistant phenotype remain widely unknown. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the application of a phenotypic screening approach using a small molecule inhibitor library to identify potential CXCR4-mediated signaling pathways. The present study demonstrated a new application of the Published Kinase Inhibitor Set (PKIS), a library of small molecule inhibitors from diverse chemotype series with varying levels of selectivity, in a phenotypic medium-throughput screen to identify potential mechanisms to pursue. Crystal violet staining and brightfield microscopy were employed to evaluate relative cell survival and changes to cell morphology in the screens. ‘Hits’ or lead active compounds in the first screen were PKIS inhibitors that reversed mesenchymal morphologies in CXCR4-activated breast cancer cells without the COOH-terminal domain (MCF-7-CXCR4-ΔCTD) and in the phenotypically mesenchymal triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, BT-549 and MDA-MB-157), used as positive controls. In a following screen, the phenotypic and cell viability screen was used with a positive control that was both morphologically mesenchymal and had acquired fulvestrant resistance. Compounds within the same chemotype series were identified that exhibited biological activity in the screens, the ‘active’ inhibitors, were compared with inactive compounds. Relative kinase activity was obtained using published datasets to discover candidate kinase targets responsible for CXCR4 activity. MAP4K4 and MINK reversed both the mesenchymal and drug-resistant phenotypes, NEK9 and DYRK2 only reversed the mesenchymal morphology, and kinases, including ROS, LCK, HCK and LTK, altered the fulvestrant-resistant phenotype. Oligoarray experiments revealed pathways affected in CXCR4-activated cells, and these pathways were compared with the present screening approach to validate our screening tool. The oligoarray approach identified the integrin-mediated, ephrin B-related, RhoA, RAC1 and ErbB signaling pathways to be upregulated in MCF-7-CXCR4-ΔCTD cells, with ephrin B signaling also identified in the PKIS phenotypic screen. The present screening tool may be used to discover potential mechanisms of targeted signaling pathways in solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarite D Matossian
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Steven Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lyndsay V Rhodes
- Department of Biology, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Van T Hoang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hope E Burks
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - William J Zuercher
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David H Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bridgette M Collins-Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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The Signaling Duo CXCL12 and CXCR4: Chemokine Fuel for Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103071. [PMID: 33096815 PMCID: PMC7590182 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy in women. In this review, we explore the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway in breast cancer. We show that the CXCL12/CXCR4 cascade is involved in nearly every aspect of breast cancer tumorigenesis including proliferation, cell motility and distant metastasis. Moreover, we summarize current knowledge about the CXCL12/CXCR4-targeted therapies. Due to the critical roles of this pathway in breast cancer and other malignancies, we believe that audiences in different fields will find this overview helpful. Abstract The CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway has emerged in the recent years as a key player in breast cancer tumorigenesis. This pathway controls many aspects of breast cancer development including cancer cell proliferation, motility and metastasis to all target organs. Moreover, the CXCL12/CXCR4 cascade affects both immune and stromal cells, creating tumor-supporting microenvironment. In this review, we examine state-of-the-art knowledge about detrimental roles of the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling, discuss its therapeutic potential and suggest further research directions beneficial both for basic research and personalized medicine in breast cancer.
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Duan L, Lu Y, Xie W, Nong L, Jia Y, Tan A, Liu Y. Leptin promotes bone metastasis of breast cancer by activating the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16172-16182. [PMID: 32836215 PMCID: PMC7485740 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of tumorigenesis, and increased leptin levels can promote tumor metastasis. However, the effects of leptin on bone metastasis in breast cancer are not fully understood. Here, we examined leptin receptor expression and bone metastasis in tissue samples from 96 breast cancer patients. In addition, we investigated the effects of leptin on the metastatic capacity of breast cancer cells in vitro using a transwell assays. The results indicated that higher leptin receptor levels in breast cancer cells are associated with increased incidence of bone metastasis in breast cancer patients. Additionally, leptin promoted migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis activated by leptin also promoted bone metastasis of breast cancer. Finally, increased CXCR4 expression was accompanied by high leptin receptor expression in bone metastatic tissues from breast cancer patients. These results indicate that leptin induces bone metastasis of breast cancer by activating the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Duan
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongkui Lu
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weimin Xie
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Nong
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuxian Jia
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Aihua Tan
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The Fifth Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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6
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Qiu SQ, van Rooijen J, Nienhuis HH, van der Vegt B, Timmer-Bosscha H, van Leeuwen-Stok E, Walenkamp AME, van Deurzen CHM, de Bock GH, de Vries EGE, Schröder CP. High hepatocyte growth factor expression in primary tumor predicts better overall survival in male breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:30. [PMID: 32188473 PMCID: PMC7081628 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is rare in men, but management is focused on tumor characteristics commonly found in female breast cancer. The tumor microenvironment of male breast cancer is less well understood, and insight may improve male breast cancer management. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET axis and the stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis are prognostic in women with breast cancer. We aimed to investigate these factors in male breast cancer and correlate them with patient survival. METHODS From 841 Dutch males with breast cancer who were enrolled in the EORTC 10085/TBCRC/BIG/NABCG International Male Breast Cancer Program (NCT01101425) and diagnosed between 1990 and 2010, archival primary tumor samples were collected. Tissue microarrays were constructed with 3 cores per sample and used for immunohistochemical analysis of HGF, c-MET, CXCL12, and CXCR4. Overall survival (OS) of the patients without metastases (M0) was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The value of the markers regarding OS was determined using univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses, providing hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS Of 720 out of 841 patients, sufficient tissue was available for analysis; 487 out of 720 patients had M0 disease. Patients with high HGF expression and high CXCL12 expression had a superior OS (low vs high expression of both markers, 7.5 vs 13.0 years, hazard ratio [HR] 0.64, 95% CI 0.49-0.84, P = 0.001 [HGF]; 9.1 vs 15.3 years, HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.45-0.87, P = 0.005 [CXCL12]). Multivariate analysis identified HGF as an independent predictor for OS (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.88, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS HGF and CXCL12 tumor expression appear to identify male breast cancer patients with a relatively good prognosis. Possibly, this could support male breast cancer-specific management strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Breast Diseases, Affiliated Shantou Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, China
- The Breast Center, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Johan van Rooijen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Martini Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde H Nienhuis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Vegt
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty Timmer-Bosscha
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Annemiek M E Walenkamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Geertruida H de Bock
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien P Schröder
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Chifu I, Heinze B, Fuss CT, Lang K, Kroiss M, Kircher S, Ronchi CL, Altieri B, Schirbel A, Fassnacht M, Hahner S. Impact of the Chemokine Receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 on Clinical Outcome in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:597878. [PMID: 33281749 PMCID: PMC7691376 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.597878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors have a negative impact on tumor progression in several human cancers and have therefore been of interest for molecular imaging and targeted therapy. However, their clinical and prognostic significance in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemokine receptor profile in ACC and to analyse its association with clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcome. A chemokine receptor profile was initially evaluated by quantitative PCR in 4 normal adrenals, 18 ACC samples and human ACC cell line NCI-H295. High expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in both healthy and malignant adrenal tissue and ACC cells was confirmed. In the next step, we analyzed the expression and cellular localization of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in ACC by immunohistochemistry in 187 and 84 samples, respectively. These results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival outcome. We detected strong membrane expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in 50% of ACC samples. Strong cytoplasmic CXCR4 staining was more frequent among samples derived from metastases compared to primaries (p=0.01) and local recurrences (p=0.04). CXCR4 membrane staining positively correlated with proliferation index Ki67 (r=0.17, p=0.028). CXCR7 membrane staining negatively correlated with Ki67 (r=-0.254, p=0.03) but positively with tumor size (r=0.3, p=0.02). No differences in progression-free or overall survival were observed between patients with strong and weak staining intensities for CXCR4 or CXCR7. Taken together, high expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in both local tumors and metastases suggests that some ACC patients might benefit from CXCR4/CXCR7-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chifu
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Britta Heinze
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Britta Heinze,
| | - Carmina T. Fuss
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Lang
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kircher
- Institute of Pathology, Interdisciplinary Bank of Biomaterials and Data (ibdw), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Cristina L. Ronchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Altieri
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schirbel
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hahner
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Vag T, Steiger K, Rossmann A, Keller U, Noske A, Herhaus P, Ettl J, Niemeyer M, Wester HJ, Schwaiger M. PET imaging of chemokine receptor CXCR4 in patients with primary and recurrent breast carcinoma. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:90. [PMID: 30191351 PMCID: PMC6127070 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor frequently overexpressed in invasive breast cancer that has been shown to play a major role in signaling pathways involved in metastasis. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to assess the diagnostic performance of CXCR4-directed PET imaging in patients with breast cancer using the recently introduced CXCR4-targeted PET probe 68Ga-Pentixafor. Results Thirteen patients with first diagnosis of breast cancer, four patients with recurrent disease after primary breast cancer, and one patient with axillary lymph node metastasis of unknown primary underwent CXCR4-targeted PET imaging using 68Ga-Pentixafor. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) and tumor-to-background (T/B) ratios of tumor lesions were measured and compared with pathological prognostic factors and molecular subtypes. 18F-FDG PET/CT images were available in 8/18 cases and were compared semi-quantitatively. Comparison with CXCR4 expression determined by immunohistochemistry was performed in 7/18 patients. Nine of 13 primary breast cancers were visually detectable on 68Ga-Pentixafor PET images (mean SUVmax of 3.0). The visually undetectable lesions included both cases of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and two cases of invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) without any hormone receptor and HER2 expression (triple negative). Metastases of recurrent breast cancer and unknown primary cancer were visually detectable in all five cases, exhibiting a mean SUVmax of 3.5. 18F-FDG PET demonstrated higher SUVmax in all patients compared to 68Ga-Pentixafor PET. A correlation between SUVmax obtained from 68Ga-Pentixafor PET and prognostic factors including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, proliferation index, tumor grade, or molecular subtypes was not observed. Conclusions CXCR4-directed PET imaging in patients with primary and recurrent breast cancer is feasible; however, tumor detectability is significantly lower compared to 18F-FDG PET. Moreover, we did not find any correlation between aforementioned prognostic factors of breast cancer and CXCR4-targeted tracer accumulation. Based on these results in a small patient cohort, CXCR4-targeted PET imaging does not seem to be suitable as a general diagnostic tool for imaging of breast cancer. Future CXCR4 imaging studies should investigate whether this modality might be useful in more specific applications, e.g., in therapeutic approaches especially under the view of current developments in targeted immune cell and immune checkpoint inhibitory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Vag
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Troger Strasse 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Rossmann
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- III Medical Department, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Aurelia Noske
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Troger Strasse 18, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Herhaus
- III Medical Department, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Ettl
- Clinic of Gynecology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Niemeyer
- Clinic of Gynecology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meissner Strasse 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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Polyphenol-rich strawberry extract (PRSE) shows in vitro and in vivo biological activity against invasive breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30917. [PMID: 27498973 PMCID: PMC4976366 DOI: 10.1038/srep30917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the biological effects of a polyphenol-rich strawberry extract (PRSE), obtained from the “Alba” variety, on the highly aggressive and invasive basal-like breast cancer cell line A17. Dose-response and time-course experiments showed that PRSE is able to decrease the cellular viability of A17 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. PRSE effect on cell survival was investigated in other tumor and normal cell lines of both mouse and human origin, demonstrating that PRSE is more active against breast cancer cells. Cytofluorimetric analysis of A17 cells demonstrated that sub-lethal doses of PRSE reduce the number of cells in S phase, inducing the accumulation of cells in G1 phase of cell cycle. In addition, the migration of A17 cells was studied monitoring the ability of PRSE to inhibit cellular mobility. Gene expression analysis revealed the modulation of 12 genes playing different roles in the cellular migration, adhesion and invasion processes. Finally, in vivo experiments showed the growth inhibition of A17 cells orthotopically transplanted into FVB syngeneic mice fed with PRSE. Overall, we demonstrated that PRSE exerts important biological activities against a highly invasive breast cancer cell line both in vitro and in vivo suggesting the strawberry extracts as preventive/curative food strategy.
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Heregulin/ErbB3 Signaling Enhances CXCR4-Driven Rac1 Activation and Breast Cancer Cell Motility via Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2011-26. [PMID: 27185877 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00180-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth factor heregulin (HRG), a ligand of ErbB3 and ErbB4 receptors, contributes to breast cancer development and the promotion of metastatic disease, and its expression in breast tumors has been associated with poor clinical outcome and resistance to therapy. In this study, we found that breast cancer cells exposed to sustained HRG treatment show markedly enhanced Rac1 activation and migratory activity in response to the CXCR4 ligand SDF-1/CXCL12, effects mediated by P-Rex1, a Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) aberrantly expressed in breast cancer. Notably, HRG treatment upregulates surface expression levels of CXCR4, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicated in breast cancer metastasis and an indicator of poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. A detailed mechanistic analysis revealed that CXCR4 upregulation and sensitization of the Rac response/motility by HRG are mediated by the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) via ErbB3 and independently of ErbB4. HRG caused prominent induction in the nuclear expression of HIF-1α, which transcriptionally activates the CXCR4 gene via binding to a responsive element located in positions -1376 to -1372 in the CXCR4 promoter, as revealed by mutagenesis analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Our results uncovered a novel function for ErbB3 in enhancing breast cancer cell motility and sensitization of the P-Rex1/Rac1 pathway through HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional induction of CXCR4.
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Mego M, Cholujova D, Minarik G, Sedlackova T, Gronesova P, Karaba M, Benca J, Cingelova S, Cierna Z, Manasova D, Pindak D, Sufliarsky J, Cristofanilli M, Reuben JM, Mardiak J. CXCR4-SDF-1 interaction potentially mediates trafficking of circulating tumor cells in primary breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:127. [PMID: 26896000 PMCID: PMC4759765 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokines are involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play key role in tumor dissemination and are an independent survival predictor in breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to assess correlation between CTCs and plasma cytokines in primary breast cancer (PBC) patients. Methods This study included 147 chemotherapy naïve PBC patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were depleted of hematopoetic cells using RossetteSep™ negative selection kit. RNA extracted from CD45-depleted PBMC was interrogated for expression of EMT (Twist1, Snail1, Slug, Zeb1) and epithelial (Ck19) gene transcripts by qRT-PCR. The concentrations of 51 plasma cytokines were measured using multiplex bead arrays. Results CTCs were detected in 25.2 % patients. CTCs exhibiting only epithelial markers (CTC_EP) and only EMT markers (CTC_EMT) were present evenly in 11.6 % patients, while CTCs co-expressing both markers were detected in 2.0 % patients. Patients with presence of CTC_EP in peripheral blood had significantly elevated levels of plasma IFN-α2, IL-3, MCP-3, β-NGF, SCF, SCGF-β, TNF-β and SDF-1 compared to patients without CTC_EP. CTC_EP exhibited overexpression of SDF-1 receptor and CXCR4, but not other corresponding cytokine receptor, and in multivariate analysis SDF-1 was independently associated with CTC_EP. There was an inverse correlation between CTC_EMT and plasma cytokines CTACK, β-NGF and TRAIL, while presence of either subtype of CTCs was associated with increased level of TGF-β2. Conclusion Using cytokine profiling, we identified cytokines associated with CTCs subpopulations in peripheral blood of PBC. Our data suggest that CXCR4-SDF-1 axis is involved in mobilization and trafficking of epithelial CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mego
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. .,Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. .,National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - D Cholujova
- National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - G Minarik
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - T Sedlackova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - P Gronesova
- Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - M Karaba
- National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - J Benca
- National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - S Cingelova
- National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Z Cierna
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - D Manasova
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia. .,National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - D Pindak
- National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia. .,Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - J Sufliarsky
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. .,National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - M Cristofanilli
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - J M Reuben
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - J Mardiak
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. .,National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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